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title: Getting started (C#)
---

import {Tabs, TabItem, LinkCard} from "@astrojs/starlight/components";
import { Tabs, TabItem, LinkCard } from "@astrojs/starlight/components";

## Supported Runtimes
# Getting Started with Bebop in C#

Bebop is a high-performance serialization framework designed for efficient data transfer. This guide will walk you through setting up Bebop in your C# project, creating schemas, and using the generated code.

## Supported Runtimes
- .NET Framework 4.7.2
- .NET Framework 4.8
- .NET Core 3.1
- .NET 5+

## Install the Runtime
To install the Bebop .NET runtime you can use the following commands:
## Installation

```
dotnet add package bebop
```
First, let's install the necessary packages:

| Package | NuGet Stable | Downloads |
| :--------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Package | NuGet Stable | Downloads |
| :------ | :----------- | :-------- |
| [bebop](https://www.nuget.org/packages/bebop/) | [![bebop](https://img.shields.io/nuget/v/bebop.svg)](https://www.nuget.org/packages/bebop/) | [![bebop](https://img.shields.io/nuget/dt/bebop.svg)](https://www.nuget.org/packages/bebop/) |
| [bebop-tools](https://www.nuget.org/packages/bebop-tools/) | [![bebop-tools](https://img.shields.io/nuget/v/bebop-tools.svg)](https://www.nuget.org/packages/bebop-tools/) | [![bebop-tools](https://img.shields.io/nuget/dt/bebop-tools.svg)](https://www.nuget.org/packages/bebop-tools/) |

## Install the Compiler Tools
To install the Bebop Compiler tools you can use the following command:
### Install Bebop Runtime

```bash
dotnet add package bebop
```

### Install Bebop Compiler Tools

```bash
dotnet add package bebop-tools
```
| Package | NuGet Stable | Downloads |
| :--------------------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| [bebop-tools](https://www.nuget.org/packages/bebop-tools/) | [![bebop-tools](https://img.shields.io/nuget/v/bebop-tools.svg)](https://www.nuget.org/packages/bebop-tools/) | [![bebop-tools](https://img.shields.io/nuget/dt/bebop-tools.svg)](https://www.nuget.org/packages/bebop-tools/) |

## Configuring the Compiler Tools
## Project Configuration

Inside of your project file add a new `ItemGroup`
To configure Bebop in your project, add the following `ItemGroup` to your `.csproj` file:

```xml
<ItemGroup>
<Bebop Include="**/*.bop" OutputDir="./Models/" OutputFile="IpcModels.g.cs" Namespace="RainwayIPC.Models" />
<Bebop Include="**/*.bop" OutputDir="./Models/" OutputFile="IpcModels.g.cs" Namespace="YourNamespace.Models" />
</ItemGroup>
```

When the `<Bebop>` item group is present in your project all schemas that match the provided `Include` path are compiled in accordance with the output parameters defined whenever you build your project (meaning that schema changes reflect immediately in your project.)
This configuration tells Bebop to:
- Include all `.bop` files in your project
- Generate C# code
- Output the generated code to `./Models/IpcModels.g.cs`
- Use the specified namespace for the generated code

## Creating Bebop Schemas

Bebop uses its own schema language to define data structures. Create a new file with a `.bop` extension (e.g., `schemas.bop`) and define your schemas:

Any issues encountered while compiling your schemas can now also be inspected from the error list.
![](https://i.imgur.com/H5jTYtJ.png)
```bebop
struct Person {
string name;
uint32 age;
}
struct Team {
string name;
Person[] members;
}
```

## Generating C# Code

## Using Bebop Mirroring
After defining your schemas, the C# code will be automatically generated when you build your project. Any issues encountered during compilation will be displayed in the error list.

Mirroring is a Bebop feature supported by the .NET runtime implementation that allows for records to be access and handled dynamically. For instance, you can define a class as a `RecordHandler` and bind it's methods to be invoked whenever a record of a certain type is decoded.
## Using Generated Code

It takes advantage of the [opcode](../reference/decorators#opcode) decorator to determine which method to invoke.
Now you can use the generated code in your C# project. Here's an example of how to create and encode a `Person` object:

```csharp
[RecordHandler]
public class ExampleHandler
{
using YourNamespace.Models;
using Bebop.Runtime;

[BindRecord(typeof(BebopRecord<ChatMessage>))]
public async Task HandleChat(object state, ChatMessage chat)
{
...
}
}
// Create a new Person object
var person = new Person
{
Name = "Spike Spiegel",
Age = 27
};

// Encode the person object to a byte array
byte[] encoded = BebopSerializer.Encode(person);

// Decode the byte array back to a Person object
Person decoded = BebopSerializer.Decode<Person>(encoded);

Console.WriteLine(decoded.Name); // Output: Spike Spiegel
Console.WriteLine(decoded.Age); // Output: 27
```

## Using the BebopSerializer

The `BebopSerializer` class provides static methods for encoding and decoding Bebop records. Here are some examples:

```csharp
using Bebop.Runtime;

// Encoding
byte[] encoded = BebopSerializer.Encode(person);
byte[] encodedWithCapacity = BebopSerializer.Encode(person, 1024); // With initial capacity
ImmutableArray<byte> encodedImmutable = BebopSerializer.EncodeImmutably(person);

// Decoding
Person decodedFromArray = BebopSerializer.Decode<Person>(encoded);
Person decodedFromSpan = BebopSerializer.Decode<Person>(new ReadOnlySpan<byte>(encoded));
Person decodedFromMemory = BebopSerializer.Decode<Person>(new ReadOnlyMemory<byte>(encoded));
Person decodedFromImmutable = BebopSerializer.Decode<Person>(encodedImmutable);
```

## Working with Unions

Bebop supports unions, which allow you to define a type that can be one of several possible structures. Here's an example of how to work with unions in C#.

### Defining a Union in Bebop

First, let's look at how a union is defined in a Bebop schema file (`.bop`):

```bebop
union Person {
1 -> struct John {
int32 x;
int32 y;
}
2 -> struct Doe {
int32 age;
string name;
}
}
```
Arbitrary data can then be decoded dynamically by leveraging the records opcode, and the method bound to it is fired.

### Using the Generated Union in C#

After generating the C# code from this Bebop schema, you can use the union like this:

```csharp
// fired when a message is received from the network.
public void OnMessage(byte[] data) {
// decodes our network messages
var networkMessage = NetworkMessage.Decode(data);
// decodes and invokes the handler (if any) for the decoded record
// if the record is ChatMessage then HandleChat is invoked..
BebopMirror.HandleRecord(networkMessage.IncomingRecordData, networkMessage.IncomingOpcode, stateObject);
using YourNamespace.Models; // Replace with your actual namespace
using Bebop.Runtime;

// Creating instances of the union
var john = new Person(new John { X = 10, Y = 20 });
var doe = new Person(new Doe { Age = 30, Name = "Jane Doe" });

// Checking the type and accessing fields
if (john.IsJohn)
{
Console.WriteLine($"John's coordinates: ({john.AsJohn.X}, {john.AsJohn.Y})");
}

if (doe.IsDoe)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Doe's name: {doe.AsDoe.Name}, Age: {doe.AsDoe.Age}");
}

// Using pattern matching
static void PrintPerson(Person person)
{
switch (person.Discriminator)
{
case 1:
var john = person.AsJohn;
Console.WriteLine($"John at ({john.X}, {john.Y})");
break;
case 2:
var doe = person.AsDoe;
Console.WriteLine($"Doe named {doe.Name}, aged {doe.Age}");
break;
}
}

// Encoding and decoding unions
byte[] encodedJohn = BebopSerializer.Encode(john);
Person decodedJohn = BebopSerializer.Decode<Person>(encodedJohn);

// Using the Match method for type-safe handling
string description = person.Match(
john => $"John at ({john.X}, {john.Y})",
doe => $"Doe named {doe.Name}, aged {doe.Age}"
);
Console.WriteLine(description);

// Using the Switch method for side effects
person.Switch(
john => Console.WriteLine($"Processing John: ({john.X}, {john.Y})"),
doe => Console.WriteLine($"Processing Doe: {doe.Name}, {doe.Age}")
);
```
:::note
- **If your `RecordHandler` is non-static the Bebop runtime will create a new instance of that class and hold onto the reference.**
- **Bound methods currently cannot return any values and use an event driven pattern. Invoked methods do not block.**
- **Mirroring uses reflection and may not be AOT friendly**
:::
:::caution
Mirroring is a feature that will likely be removed in the future in favor of a C# implementation of [Tempo](../tempo).
:::

### Key Points About Unions

1. The union type (`Person` in this case) has properties like `IsJohn` and `IsDoe` to check which variant it currently represents.
2. Use `AsJohn` and `AsDoe` to access the specific fields of each variant.
3. The `Discriminator` property tells you which variant the union currently represents (1 for John, 2 for Doe in this case).
4. You can use pattern matching or the `Switch` and `Match` methods for type-safe handling of the union.
5. Encoding and decoding work seamlessly with unions, just like with regular Bebop structures.

Unions are particularly useful when you need to represent data that can be one of several types, providing a type-safe way to handle different cases in your application.

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