Add catalog validation tutorial

[delucchi-cmu]

Closes #392.

Partially resolves #386 (documents the Catalog.schema attribute).

[review-notebook-app]

Check out this pull request on 

See visual diffs & provide feedback on Jupyter Notebooks.

---

Powered by ReviewNB

[github-actions]

Before [b7f8127] <v0.4.1>	After [19962c0]	Ratio	Benchmark (Parameter)
31.9±0.5ms	32.2±0.4ms	1.01	benchmarks.time_polygon_search
17.4±0.2ms	17.4±0.6ms	1	benchmarks.time_box_filter_on_partition
14.5±0.03s	14.5±0s	1	benchmarks.time_create_large_catalog
106±1ms	106±0.8ms	1	benchmarks.time_kdtree_crossmatch
2.15±0.01s	2.14±0.01s	0.99	benchmarks.time_create_midsize_catalog

Click here to view all benchmarks.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 97.67%. Comparing base (b7f8127) to head (801a714).
Report is 4 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main     #480   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   97.67%   97.67%           
=======================================
  Files          39       39           
  Lines        1546     1546           
=======================================
  Hits         1510     1510           
  Misses         36       36           

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

[delucchi-cmu]

See preview at https://lsdb--480.org.readthedocs.build/en/480/tutorials/manual_verification.html