Distributions Gallery: Add MvNormal (#609)

docs/examples/gallery/mvnormal.md

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+---
+jupytext:
+  text_representation:
+    extension: .md
+    format_name: myst
+kernelspec:
+  display_name: Python 3
+  language: python
+  name: python3
+---
+# Multivariate Normal Distribution
+
+<audio controls> <source src="../../_static/multivariatenormal.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"> This browser cannot play the pronunciation audio file for this distribution. </audio>
+
+The multivariate normal distribution, also known as the multivariate Gaussian distribution, is a generalization of the univariate normal distribution to multiple dimensions. A random vector is said to follow a $k$-dimensional multivariate normal distribution if every linear combination of its $k$ components follows a univariate normal distribution.
+
+The multivariate normal distribution is often used to describe the joint distribution of a set of correlated random variables. 
+
+In Bayesian modeling, a Gaussian process is a generalization of the multivariate normal distribution to infinite dimensions, and it is used as a prior distribution over functions.
+
+
+## Key properties and parameters
+
+```{eval-rst}
+========  ==========================
+Support   :math:`x \in \mathbb{R}^k`
+Mean      :math:`\mu`
+Variance  :math:`T^{-1}`
+========  ==========================
+```
+
+**Parameters:**
+
+- $\mu$ : (array of floats) Mean vector of length $k$.
+- $\Sigma$ : (array of floats) Covariance matrix of shape $k \times k$.
+- $T$ : (array of floats) Precision matrix, the inverse of the covariance matrix.
+
+**Alternative parameterization:**
+
+The MvNormal has 2 alternative parameterizations. In terms of the mean and the covariance matrix, or in terms of the mean and the precision matrix.
+
+The link between the 2 alternatives is given by:
+
+$$
+T = \Sigma^{-1}
+$$
+
+### Probability Density Function (PDF)
+
+$$
+f(x \mid \mu, T) = \frac{|T|^{1/2}}{(2\pi)^{k/2}} \exp\left\{ -\frac{1}{2} (x-\mu)^{\prime} T (x-\mu) \right\}
+$$
+
+::::::{tab-set}
+:class: full-width
+
+:::::{tab-item} Parameters $\mu$ and $\Sigma$
+:sync: mu-sigma
+```{jupyter-execute}
+:hide-code:
+
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+import numpy as np
+from preliz import MvNormal
+
+_, axes = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(9, 9), sharex=True, sharey=True)
+mus = [[0., 0], [3, -2], [0., 0], [0., 0]]
+sigmas = [np.eye(2), np.eye(2), np.array([[2, 2], [2, 4]]), np.array([[2, -2], [-2, 4]])]
+for mu, sigma, ax in zip(mus, sigmas, axes.ravel()):
+    MvNormal(mu, sigma).plot_pdf(marginals=False, ax=ax)
+```
+:::::
+
+:::::{tab-item} Parameters $\mu$ and $T$
+:sync: mu-t
+```{jupyter-execute}
+:hide-code:
+
+_, axes = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(9, 9), sharex=True, sharey=True)
+mus = [[0., 0], [3, -2], [0., 0], [0., 0]]
+Ts = [np.linalg.inv(sigma) for sigma in sigmas]
+for mu, T, ax in zip(mus, Ts, axes.ravel()):
+    MvNormal(mu, tau=T).plot_pdf(marginals=False, ax=ax)
+```
+:::::
+::::::
+
+### Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF)
+
+The multivariate normal joint CDF does not have a closed-form analytic solution in the general case, due to the complexity of integrating its density over $\mathbb{R}^k$. However, each marginal distribution is a univariate normal distribution with a well-defined CDF that can be computed directly.
+
+::::::{tab-set}
+:class: full-width
+
+:::::{tab-item} Parameters $\mu$ and $\Sigma$
+:sync: mu-sigma
+```{jupyter-execute}
+:hide-code:
+
+for mu, sigma in zip(mus, sigmas):
+    MvNormal(mu, sigma).plot_cdf()
+```
+:::::
+
+:::::{tab-item} Parameters $\mu$ and $T$
+:sync: mu-t
+```{jupyter-execute}
+:hide-code:
+
+for mu, T in zip(mus, Ts):
+    MvNormal(mu, tau=T).plot_cdf()
+```
+:::::
+::::::
+
+```{seealso}
+:class: seealso
+
+**Related Distributions:**
+
+- [Normal Distribution](normal.md) - The univariate normal distribution is a special case of the multivariate normal distribution with $k=1$.
+```
+
+## References
+
+- [Wikipedia - Multivariate normal distribution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multivariate_normal_distribution)

docs/gallery_content.rst

@@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ Continuous Multivariate Distributions
       Dirichlet
 
    .. grid-item-card::
-      :link: ./distributions.html#preliz.distributions.continuous_multivariate.MvNormal
+      :link: ./examples/gallery/mvnormal.html
       :text-align: center
       :shadow: none
       :class-card: example-gallery

preliz/distributions/continuous_multivariate.py

@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ class MvNormal(Continuous):
 
     .. math::
 
-       f(x \mid \pi, T) =
+       f(x \mid \mu, T) =
            \frac{|T|^{1/2}}{(2\pi)^{k/2}}
            \exp\left\{ -\frac{1}{2} (x-\mu)^{\prime} T (x-\mu) \right\}
 
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ class MvNormal(Continuous):
 
     .. math::
 
-        \Tau = \Sigma^{-1}
+        T = \Sigma^{-1}
 
     Parameters
     ----------