[SEDONA-627] Write user specified column to the covering metadata of GeoParquet files

[Kontinuation]

Did you read the Contributor Guide?

• Yes, I have read the Contributor Rules and Contributor Development Guide

Is this PR related to a JIRA ticket?

• Yes, the URL of the associated JIRA ticket is https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SEDONA-627. The PR name follows the format [SEDONA-XXX] my subject.

What changes were proposed in this PR?

This patch adds a new option geoparquet.covering.<geometryColumnName> to geoparquet format. If the DataFrame being written has a struct column named bbox which contains the bounding boxes (xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax) of geometries in geometry column, it can be saved as geoparquet as follows:

df.write.format("geoparquet").option("geoparquet.covering.geometry", "bbox").save("/path/to/geoparquet")

The column metadata of geometry column will have the following covering attribute:

"covering": {"bbox": {"xmin": ["bbox", "xmin"], "ymin": ["bbox", "ymin"], "xmax": ["bbox", "xmax"], "ymax": ["bbox", "ymax"]}}

How was this patch tested?

Passing new tests.

Did this PR include necessary documentation updates?

• Yes, I have updated the documentation.

[jiayuasu]

Right now, if the user wants to write the covering column, he needs to manually assemble the covering column, which is tedious.

Does it make sense to automatically generate the covering column? I guess this might be hard given the optional Z axis?

Can we at least in the doc explain how to generate the covering column manually (e.g., ST_XMin, ST_YMin, ...)?

[Kontinuation]

This is the first step to support covering column metadata for users already having covering columns in their dataframes and don't need to re-generate those covering columns on writing, we'll add automatic covering column generation support in further PRs.

I've added example code to construct covering columns to the documentation.