[flink-runner] Improve Datastream for batch performances

[jto]

Context

Flink will drop support for the dataset API in 2.0 which should be released by EOY so it quite important for Beam to support Datastream well.

The PR

This PR improves the performances of Batch jobs executed with --useDatastreamForBatch by porting the following performance optimizations already present in FlinkBatchTransformTranslators but lacking in FlinkStreamingTransformTranslators.

• Limit the max size of source splits. Similar to Reduce the maximum size of input splits in Flink to better distribute work #28045
• Pre-combine before shuffle (both reduce by key and GBK)
• Disable bundling in batch mode (except for pre-combine). Lower the default bundle size since the new behavior puts pressure on the heap.

It also implements the following optimizations:

• Use a "lazy" split enumerator to distributes split dynamically rather than eagerly. This new enumerator greatly reduces skew as each slot is able to pull new splits to consume only when it has finished its work.
• Set the default maxParallelism to parallelism as the total number of key groups is equal to maxParallelism. Again this reduces skew.
• Make ToKeyedWorkItem part of DoFnOperator which reduces the size of the job graph and avoid unnecessary inter-task communication.
• Force a common slot-sharing group on every bounded IOs. This emulate the behavior of the Dataset API which again improves performances especially when data is being shuffled several times while partitioning keys are unchanged (for example of the job does GBK -> map -> CombinePerKey). Add a flag to control this feature (defaults to active).
• Other minor optimizations removing repeated serde work.

Benchmarks

The patched version was tested against a few of Spotify's production batch workflows. All settings were left unchanged except for the followings:

• passed --useDatastreamForBatch=true
• set jobmanager.scheduler: default (otherwise datastream default to adaptive scheduler).

		Beam 2.56 - dataset	Beam 2.56 - datastream		Beam 2.56 - datastream patched
job	# workers	execution time	execution time	% diff	execution time	% diff
Job 1	350	2:19:00	fails after 4h29min	-	1:43:00	-25.90%
Job 2	160	0:23:00	0:35:00	52.17%	0:22:36	-1.74%
Job 3	200	0:53:08	1:34:39	78.14%	failed	-
Job 4	160	2:31:20	4:27:00	76.43%	2:19:35	-7.76%
Job 5	1	0:43:00	not tested	-	0:38:00	-11.63%
Job 6	300	2:58:51	not tested	-	running

Note

Job 3 fails with a stackoverflow exception because of a bug in versions of Kryo < 3.0. I believe this is because the job uses taskmanager.runtime.large-record-handler: true and it should be fixed in Flink 2.0 since Kryo is upgraded to a more recent version.

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[damccorm]

@kennknowles would you mind taking a look at this one?

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Reminder, please take a look at this pr: @damccorm

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[damccorm]

R: @kennknowles

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[kennknowles]

To test this thoroughly, let us add some of the postcommits by touching trigger files. In #32648 you can see how I edited the JSON files (including some new ones) and I think these are all the Flink-specific postcommit jobs.