create a virtual environment for your project
python -m venv myvenv
now your venv(virtual environment ) is created
then you have to activate it
myvenv\Scripts\activate.bat
(myvenv) C:\Users\AmirAbbas\Desktop\test>
it should be like this
pip install Django
Django-admin startproject mypj
then you have a manage.py that is a tool to work with your project and your project folder .
Go to setting and change the interpreter and chose your venv for terminal
1 .Go to pycharm's setting
2.Select project then python interpreter
3.Select the interpreter address
yourenv > Scripts > python.exe
4.Press ok button then apply this change
python manage.py runserver
you have something like error that is about migration
python manage.py migrate
Django will create a database by default sqllight
you can check the database information in setting.py
graph TD
Model --> View;
Template --> View;
View --> URL
URL --> View
Django --> URL
URL --> Django
Django --> User
User --> Django
python manage.py createsuperuser
then enter username and password for user
python manage.py startapp myapp
create urls.py file in your new app
then you have to know Django about your new app
go to setting.py and add the new app name in INSTALLED_APPS list
INSTALLED_APPS = [
"django.contrib.admin",
"django.contrib.auth",
"django.contrib.contenttypes",
"django.contrib.sessions",
"django.contrib.messages",
"django.contrib.staticfiles",
"Home",
'new1',
]like this
create a url for your app
from django.urls import path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
path("new/", views.mew),
]from django.shortcuts import render
def mew(request):
passall views functions have to give request
lets make view.py better
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
def mew():
return HttpResponse("mew user")check that include imported
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, includeurlpatterns = [
path("admin/", admin.site.urls),
path("", include("Home.urls")),
#add this path and use include
path("new/", include("new1.urls"))
]then you have to add it to your project
go to setting.py
TEMPLATES = [
{
"BACKEND": "django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates",
"DIRS": [],
"APP_DIRS": True,
"OPTIONS": {
"context_processors": [
"django.template.context_processors.debug",
"django.template.context_processors.request",
"django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth",
"django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages",
],
},
},
]and add the templates in DIRS
TEMPLATES = [
{
"BACKEND": "django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates",
"DIRS": [BASE_DIR / "Templates"],
"APP_DIRS": True,
"OPTIONS": {
"context_processors": [
"django.template.context_processors.debug",
"django.template.context_processors.request",
"django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth",
"django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages",
],
},
},
]create html file to show to clients
def mew(request):
return render(request , "mew.html")you can show variable in html file in {{ variable }} like this .
you can send information from views to template with context
def cat(request):
Catinfo = {"name": "my-cat", "sound": "mew-mew"}
return render(request, "cat.html", context=Catinfo)<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>cat</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>{{name}}</h1>
<h1>{{sound}}</h1>
</body>
</html>you can write python operator code like if else for and ... with {% %} that's called tags in Django
{%if name == 'my-cat' %}
<h1> hello little cat pus pus</h1>
{%endif%} <h1>{{name|upper}}</h1>
<h1>{{sound|title}}</h1>{# This is a comment #}
it should not be appear in website page
after create a app Django automatically generate a models.py in app directory
models is for Databases and it save some information about users and ...
create a class with camelcase name and enter fields that you need for database
class should inherit models.model
from django.db import models
class Todo(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
body = models.TextField()
deadline = models.DateTimeField()Field types Django < -- all field types in Django documentation
you have to convert this to sqllight whit this command
python manage.py makemigrations
this fields will come to migrations folder and if you want to change something its ok change it and then enter this command again
python manage.py migratefor convert field to database
go to admin.py and write this code
from .models import Todocat
admin.site.register(Todocat)go to admin panel and you have Todocat informations
you have your app name then Todocat
you can show models in view by managers in django
from .models import Todocat
def mew(request):
AllInfo = Todocat.objects.all()
return render(request, "mew.html", {"All": AllInfo}) {% for i in All %}
<h3>{{ i.title }}</h3>
{% endfor %}We want to reduce repetitious code in our project
So i create a base.html file to write html and body and link tag there
and I'll never write this tags again
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body class="container">
{% block content %}{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %}
{% for i in All %}
<h3>{{ i.title }}</h3>
{% endfor %}
{% endblock %}you can use block every times you want for example for title of each page create a block in title in base.html
<title>{% block title%}{% endblock %}</title>and for each page use another title
{% block title %} cat {% endblock %}it include the file in exact place
{% include 'nav.html' %}
in my home page , I have all title of todos
Create a url in urls.py for details page
urlpatterns = [
path("", views.home),
path("Hello/", views.sey_hello),
path("detail/<int:todo_id>", views.detail),
]third path is for my detail page it get this url and show information of todo with this id
def detail(request, todo_id):
todo = Todo.objects.get(id=todo_id)
return render(request, 'detail.html', {"todo": todo}){% extends 'base.html'%}
{% block title %} details {% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h3>{{todo.title}}</h3>
<small>{{todo.created}}</small>
<p>{{todo.body}}</p>
{% endblock %}urlpatterns = [
path("", views.home),
path("Hello/", views.sey_hello),
path("detail/<int:todo_id>", views.detail, name='detail'),
]{%extends 'base.html' %}
{%block title%}Home{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h1>this is Home page</h1>
{% for todo in Todos %}
<a href="{% url 'detail' todo.id %}">{{todo.title}}</a>
<hr>
{% endfor %}
{%endblock%}and another
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg bg-body-tertiary mb-20" >
<div class="container-fluid">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="{% url 'home'%}">Navbar</a>
</div>
</nav>urlpatterns = [
path("", views.home , name='home'),
path("Hello/", views.sey_hello),
path("detail/<int:todo_id>", views.detail, name='detail'),
]{% extends 'base.html'%}
{% block title %} details {% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h3>{{ todo.title }}</h3>
<small>{{ todo.created }}</small>
<p>{{ todo.body }}</p>
<a href="{% url 'delete' todo.id %}" class="btn btn-danger">Delete</a>
{% endblock %}this is my details page and I add a delete button when you click it it go to a url that we declare in urls.py
urlpatterns = [
path("", views.home, name='home'),
path("detail/<int:todo_id>", views.detail, name='detail'),
path("delete/<int:todo_id>", views.delete, name='delete'),
]def delete(request, todo_id):
Todo.objects.get(id=todo_id).delete()
return redirect('home')| Constant | Purpose |
|---|---|
| DEBUG | Development-related messages that will be ignored (or removed) in a production deployment |
| INFO | Informational messages for the user |
| SUCCESS | An action was successful, e.g. “Your profile was updated successfully” |
| WARNING | A failure did not occur but may be imminent |
| ERROR | An action was not successful or some other failure occurred |
in last example we deleted our todo project object with a delete button now I want to show a message to client that object deleted successfully
from django.contrib import messagesdef delete(request, todo_id):
Todo.objects.get(id=todo_id).delete()
messages.success(request, 'you deleted successfully')
# django has messages to show client your message and it has 5 level
# that we said
return redirect('home'){% if messages %}
{% for msg in messages %}
<p class="alert alert-{{ msg.tags }}">{{ msg }}</p>
{% endfor %}
{% endif %}then included to base.html
{% include 'messages.html' %}we have two method to get our information
- GET method : send datas from url
- POST method : send datas from http request
first , create forms.py in your app
from django import forms
class TodoCreateForms(forms.Form):
title = forms.CharField()
body = forms.CharField()
created = forms.DateTimeField()then add this path to urls.py
path("create/", views.create, name='create')from .forms import TodoCreateForms
def create(request):
form = TodoCreateForms
return render(request, 'CreateForm.html' , {"form":form})to show this form
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %}
<h3>Create Form</h3>
<form>
{{form}}
<input type="submit" value="Create">
</form>
{% endblock %}Django by default give each field of form required property
class TodoCreateForms(forms.Form):
title = forms.CharField(required=False)
body = forms.CharField()
created = forms.DateTimeField()that you can change this .
title = forms.CharField(label='onvan')you can change label like this .
you should give form tag method property if you don't do this it would be get by default
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %}
<h3>Create Form</h3>
<form method="post" action="" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
{{form.as_p}}
<input type="submit" value="Create">
</form>
{% endblock %}from .models import Todo
from django.contrib import messages
from .forms import TodoCreateForms
def create(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = TodoCreateForms(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
cd = form.cleaned_data
Todo.objects.create(title=cd['title'], body=cd['body'], created=cd['created'])
messages.success(request,"Todo created successfully ",'success')
return redirect('home')
else:
form = TodoCreateForms
return render(request, 'CreateForm.html', {"form": form}){% extends 'base.html'%}
{% block title %} details {% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h3>{{ todo.title }}</h3>
<small>{{ todo.created }}</small>
<p>{{ todo.body }}</p>
<a href="{% url 'delete' todo.id %}" class="btn btn-danger">Delete</a>
<a href="{% url 'update' todo.id %}" class="btn btn-info">Update</a>
{% endblock %}first , I added a update button to details.html
path("update/<int:todo_id>", views.update, name='update'),for change something in models you have to import your model in forms.py in your app then
from django import forms
from .models import Todo
class TodoCreateForms(forms.Form):
title = forms.CharField()
body = forms.CharField()
created = forms.DateTimeField()
class TodoUpdateForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Todo
fields = ('title', 'body', 'created')or you can do this for fields
fields = ("__all__"){%extends 'base.html' %}
{%block title%}Update Form{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{form.as_p}}
<input type="submit" value="Create">
</form>
{%endblock%}those actions was just for show to client
def update(request, todo_id):
todo = Todo.objects.get(id=todo_id)
if request.method == "POST":
form = TodoUpdateForm(request.POST, instance=todo)
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
messages.success(request, "your todo updated successfully ", "success")
return redirect("detail", todo_id)
else:
form = TodoUpdateForm(instance=todo)
return render(request, 'Update.html', {'form': form})create a new app "accounts"
from django import forms
class UserRegisterForm(forms.Form):
username = forms.CharField()
email = forms.EmailField()
password = forms.CharField()from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from .forms import UserRegisterForm
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.contrib import messages
def user_register(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = UserRegisterForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
cd = form.cleaned_data
User.objects.create_user(cd['username'], cd['email'], cd['password'])
messages.success(request, 'User registered successfully ', 'success')
return redirect("home")
else:
form = UserRegisterForm
return render(request, 'register.html', {'form': form}){% extends 'base.html'%}
{% block title %} Register {% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<input type="submit" value="Register" >
</form>
{% endblock %}from django import forms
class UserRegistrationForm(forms.Form):
username = forms.CharField()
email = forms.EmailField()
password = forms.CharField()
first_name = forms.CharField()
last_name = forms.CharField()def user_register(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = UserRegistrationForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
cd = form.cleaned_data
user = User.objects.create_user(cd['username'], cd['email'], cd['password'])
user.first_name = cd['first_name']
user.last_name = cd['last_name']
user.save()
messages.success(request, 'user registered successfully', 'success')
return redirect('home')
else:
form = UserRegistrationForm()
return render(request, 'register.html', {'form':form})how to user log in
class UserLoginForm(forms.Form):
username = forms.CharField()
password = forms.CharField()def user_login(request):
if request.method == "POST":
form = UserLoginForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
cd = form.cleaned_data
user = authenticate(request, username=cd['username'], password=cd['password'])
if user is not None:
login(request, user)
messages.success(request, 'logged in successfully', 'success')
return redirect('home')
else:
messages.error(request, 'username or password is wrong', 'danger')
else:
form = UserLoginForm()
return render(request, 'login.html', {'form': form}){% extends 'base.html'%}
{% block title %} Login {% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<input type="submit" value="Login" >
</form>
{% endblock %} path('logout/', views.user_logout, name='logout')from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login, logout
def user_logout(request):
logout(request)
messages.success(request, "user loged out successfully ", 'success')
return redirect('home'){% if request.user.is_authenticated %}
<h3>{{request.user.username}}</h3>
{% else %}
<h3 class="bg-info">Log in kon dige</h3>
{% endif %}{% if request.user.is_authenticated %}
<a href="{% url 'user_logout'%}">Log out</a>
{% else %}
<a href="{% url 'user_register'%}">register</a>
<a href="{% url 'user_login'%}">Login</a>
{% endif %}