[CLIENT-3166] Fix AerospikeError attributes not being assigned when an error code without a matching Exception is raised

[juliannguyen4]

• build artifacts passes
• valgrind passes
• massif performance looks good

Extra changes:

• AerospikeError.in_doubt should always be set as an attribute, even if an AerospikeError was not raised by the client yet

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 77.41935% with 7 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 80.77%. Comparing base (a46024d) to head (3b1b888).
Report is 1 commits behind head on dev.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/main/client/info.c	0.00%	3 Missing ⚠️
src/main/exception.c	80.00%	2 Missing ⚠️
src/main/client/sec_index.c	50.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
src/main/scan/apply.c	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##              dev     #694      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   80.79%   80.77%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         102      102              
  Lines       15173    15185      +12     
==========================================
+ Hits        12259    12266       +7     
- Misses       2914     2919       +5     

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[dwelch-spike]

LGTM but think about abstracting the block of exception handling code that set_aerospike_exc_attrs_using_tuple_of_attrs is used in into something reusable.