CLI-1362: [push:db] mysqldump failure not surfaced

[danepowell]

Turns out we aren't the first ones to have this problem: drush-ops/drush#3816

If Drush does it this way, it's good enough for me! 😄

Testing steps:

• Set max_allowed_packet extremely low, or import a db with huge row sizes
• Run push:db -vvv

Before this PR, see that the push continues past the local dump despite an error about packet size. After this error, see that the push stops with the following exception:

In CommandBase.php line 1703:
                                                  
  [Acquia\Cli\Exception\AcquiaCliException]       
  Unable to create a dump of the local database.  

[github-actions]

Try the dev build for this PR: https://acquia-cli.s3.amazonaws.com/build/pr/1770/acli.phar

curl -OL https://acquia-cli.s3.amazonaws.com/build/pr/1770/acli.phar
chmod +x acli.phar

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 92.02%. Comparing base (56d0139) to head (b94a3ae).

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##               main    #1770      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     91.99%   92.02%   +0.02%     
  Complexity     1818     1818              
============================================
  Files           121      121              
  Lines          6834     6834              
============================================
+ Hits           6287     6289       +2     
+ Misses          547      545       -2     

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