Python is a backend technology and it can be connected with different data base applications. It can be connected to both SQL and noSQL databases. In this section, we connect Python with MongoDB database which is noSQL database.
MongoDB is a NoSQL database. MongoDB stores data in a JSON like document which make MongoDB very flexible and scalable. Let us see the different terminologies of SQL and NoSQL databases. The following table will make the difference between SQL versus NoSQL databases.
In this section, we will focus on a NoSQL database MongoDB. Lets sign up on mongoDB by click on the sign in button then click register on the next page.
Complete the fields and click continue
Select the free plan
Choose the proximate free region and give any name for you cluster.
Now, a free sandbox is created
Create Database User
Choose Connection
Select Drivers
Select Python version, install driver and Copy connectioon string
Copy the connection string link and you will get something like this
Example:
mongodb+srv://kennedyekanem:[email protected]/?retryWrites=true&w=majority&appName=flaskappNow, I replaced everything and the password is iVaKT9bnW3zXuMhn and the name of the database is flaskapp. T
Python needs a mongoDB driver to access mongoDB database. We will use pymongo with dnspython to connect our application with mongoDB base . Inside your project directory install pymongo and dnspython.
pip install "pymongo[srv]"==3.11
pip install dnspythonThe "dnspython" module must be installed to use mongodb+srv:// URIs. The dnspython is a DNS toolkit for Python. It supports almost all record types.
# let's import the flask
from flask import Flask, render_template
import os # importing operating system module
import pymongo
MONGODB_URI = 'mongodb+srv://kennedyekanem:[email protected]/?retryWrites=true&w=majority&appName=flaskapp'
client = pymongo.MongoClient(MONGODB_URI)
print(client.list_database_names())
app = Flask(__name__)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# for deployment we use the environ
# to make it work for both production and development
port = int(os.environ.get("PORT", 5000))
app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0', port=port)When we run the above code we get the default mongoDB databases.
['admin', 'local']Let us create a database, database and collection in mongoDB will be created if it doesn't exist. Let's create a data base name flaskapp and students collection. To create a database
db = client.name_of_databse # we can create a database like this or the second way
db = client['name_of_database']# let's import the flask
from flask import Flask, render_template
import os # importing operating system module
import pymongo
MONGODB_URI = 'mongodb+srv://kennedyekanem:[email protected]/?retryWrites=true&w=majority&appName=flaskapp'
client = pymongo.MongoClient(MONGODB_URI)
# Creating database
db = client.flaskapp
# Creating students collection and inserting a document
db.students.insert_one({'name': 'Kennedy', 'country': 'Finland', 'city': 'Helsinki', 'age': 250})
print(client.list_database_names())
app = Flask(__name__)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# for deployment we use the environ
# to make it work for both production and development
port = int(os.environ.get("PORT", 5000))
app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0', port=port)After we create a database, we also created a students collection and we used insert_one() method to insert a document. Now, the database flaskapp and students collection have been created and the document has been inserted. Check your mongoDB cluster and you will see both the database and the collection. Inside the collection, there will be a document.
['flaskapp', 'admin', 'local']If you see this on the mongoDB cluster, it means you have successfully created a database and a collection.
The insert_one() method inserts one item at a time if we want to insert many documents at once either we use insert_many() method or for loop. We can use for loop to inset many documents at once.
# let's import the flask
from flask import Flask, render_template
import os # importing operating system module
import pymongo
MONGODB_URI = 'mongodb+srv://kennedyekanem:[email protected]/?retryWrites=true&w=majority&appName=flaskapp'
client = pymongo.MongoClient(MONGODB_URI)
students = [
{'name':'David','country':'UK','city':'London','age':34},
{'name':'John','country':'Sweden','city':'Stockholm','age':28},
{'name':'Sami','country':'Finland','city':'Helsinki','age':25},
]
for student in students:
db.students.insert_one(student)
app = Flask(__name__)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# for deployment we use the environ
# to make it work for both production and development
port = int(os.environ.get("PORT", 5000))
app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0', port=port)The find() and findOne() methods are common method to find data in a collection in mongoDB database. It is similar to the SELECT statement in a MySQL database. Let us use the find_one() method to get a document in a database collection.
- *find_one({"_id": ObjectId("id"}): Gets the first occurrence if an id is not provided
# let's import the flask
from flask import Flask, render_template
import os # importing operating system module
import pymongo
MONGODB_URI = 'mongodb+srv://kennedyekanem:[email protected]/?retryWrites=true&w=majority&appName=flaskapp'
client = pymongo.MongoClient(MONGODB_URI)
db = client['flaskapp'] # accessing the database
student = db.students.find_one()
print(student)
app = Flask(__name__)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# for deployment we use the environ
# to make it work for both production and development
port = int(os.environ.get("PORT", 5000))
app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0', port=port){'_id': ObjectId('5df68a21f106fe2d315bbc8b'), 'name': 'fKennedy', 'country': 'Helsinki', 'city': 'Helsinki', 'age': 250}The above query returns the first entry but we can target specific document using specific _id. Let us do one example, use David's id to get David object. '_id':ObjectId('5df68a23f106fe2d315bbc8c')
# let's import the flask
from flask import Flask, render_template
import os # importing operating system module
import pymongo
from bson.objectid import ObjectId # id object
MONGODB_URI = 'mongodb+srv://kennedyekanem:[email protected]/?retryWrites=true&w=majority&appName=flaskapp'
client = pymongo.MongoClient(MONGODB_URI)
db = client['flaskapp'] # accessing the database
student = db.students.find_one({'_id':ObjectId('5df68a23f106fe2d315bbc8c')})
print(student)
app = Flask(__name__)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# for deployment we use the environ
# to make it work for both production and development
port = int(os.environ.get("PORT", 5000))
app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0', port=port){'_id': ObjectId('5df68a23f106fe2d315bbc8c'), 'name': 'David', 'country': 'UK', 'city': 'London', 'age': 34}We have seen, how to use find_one() using the above examples. Let's move one to find()
- find(): returns all the occurrence from a collection if we don't pass a query object. The object is pymongo.cursor object.
# let's import the flask
from flask import Flask, render_template
import os # importing operating system module
import pymongo
MONGODB_URI = 'mongodb+srv://kennedyekanem:[email protected]/?retryWrites=true&w=majority&appName=flaskapp'
client = pymongo.MongoClient(MONGODB_URI)
db = client['flaskapp'] # accessing the database
students = db.students.find()
for student in students:
print(student)
app = Flask(__name__)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# for deployment we use the environ
# to make it work for both production and development
port = int(os.environ.get("PORT", 5000))
app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0', port=port){'_id': ObjectId('5df68a21f106fe2d315bbc8b'), 'name': 'Kennedy', 'country': 'Finland', 'city': 'Helsinki', 'age': 250}
{'_id': ObjectId('5df68a23f106fe2d315bbc8c'), 'name': 'David', 'country': 'UK', 'city': 'London', 'age': 34}
{'_id': ObjectId('5df68a23f106fe2d315bbc8d'), 'name': 'John', 'country': 'Sweden', 'city': 'Stockholm', 'age': 28}
{'_id': ObjectId('5df68a23f106fe2d315bbc8e'), 'name': 'Sami', 'country': 'Finland', 'city': 'Helsinki', 'age': 25}We can specify which fields to return by passing second object in the find({}, {}). 0 means not include and 1 means include but we can not mix 0 and 1, except for _id.
# let's import the flask
from flask import Flask, render_template
import os # importing operating system module
import pymongo
MONGODB_URI = 'mongodb+srv://kennedyekanem:[email protected]/?retryWrites=true&w=majority&appName=flaskapp'
client = pymongo.MongoClient(MONGODB_URI)
db = client['flaskapp'] # accessing the database
students = db.students.find({}, {"_id":0, "name": 1, "country":1}) # 0 means not include and 1 means include
for student in students:
print(student)
app = Flask(__name__)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# for deployment we use the environ
# to make it work for both production and development
port = int(os.environ.get("PORT", 5000))
app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0', port=port){'name': 'Kennedy', 'country': 'Finland'}
{'name': 'David', 'country': 'UK'}
{'name': 'John', 'country': 'Sweden'}
{'name': 'Sami', 'country': 'Finland'}In mongoDB find take a query object. We can pass a query object and we can filter the documents we like to filter out.
# let's import the flask
from flask import Flask, render_template
import os # importing operating system module
import pymongo
MONGODB_URI = 'mongodb+srv://kennedyekanem:[email protected]/?retryWrites=true&w=majority&appName=flaskapp'
client = pymongo.MongoClient(MONGODB_URI)
db = client['flaskapp'] # accessing the database
query = {
"country":"Finland"
}
students = db.students.find(query)
for student in students:
print(student)
app = Flask(__name__)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# for deployment we use the environ
# to make it work for both production and development
port = int(os.environ.get("PORT", 5000))
app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0', port=port){'_id': ObjectId('5df68a21f106fe2d315bbc8b'), 'name': 'Kennedy', 'country': 'Finland', 'city': 'Helsinki', 'age': 250}
{'_id': ObjectId('5df68a23f106fe2d315bbc8e'), 'name': 'Sami', 'country': 'Finland', 'city': 'Helsinki', 'age': 25}Query with modifiers
# let's import the flask
from flask import Flask, render_template
import os # importing operating system module
import pymongo
MONGODB_URI = 'mongodb+srv://kennedyekanem:[email protected]/?retryWrites=true&w=majority&appName=flaskapp'
client = pymongo.MongoClient(MONGODB_URI)
db = client['flaskapp'] # accessing the database
query = {
"city":"Helsinki"
}
students = db.students.find(query)
for student in students:
print(student)
app = Flask(__name__)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# for deployment we use the environ
# to make it work for both production and development
port = int(os.environ.get("PORT", 5000))
app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0', port=port){'_id': ObjectId('5df68a21f106fe2d315bbc8b'), 'name': 'Kennedy', 'country': 'Finland', 'city': 'Helsinki', 'age': 250}
{'_id': ObjectId('5df68a23f106fe2d315bbc8e'), 'name': 'Sami', 'country': 'Finland', 'city': 'Helsinki', 'age': 25}# let's import the flask
from flask import Flask, render_template
import os # importing operating system module
import pymongo
MONGODB_URI = 'mongodb+srv://kennedyekanem:[email protected]/?retryWrites=true&w=majority&appName=flaskapp'
client = pymongo.MongoClient(MONGODB_URI)
db = client['flaskapp'] # accessing the database
query = {
"country":"Finland",
"city":"Helsinki"
}
students = db.students.find(query)
for student in students:
print(student)
app = Flask(__name__)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# for deployment we use the environ
# to make it work for both production and development
port = int(os.environ.get("PORT", 5000))
app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0', port=port){'_id': ObjectId('5df68a21f106fe2d315bbc8b'), 'name': 'Kennedy', 'country': 'Finland', 'city': 'Helsinki', 'age': 250}
{'_id': ObjectId('5df68a23f106fe2d315bbc8e'), 'name': 'Sami', 'country': 'Finland', 'city': 'Helsinki', 'age': 25}Query with modifiers
# let's import the flask
from flask import Flask, render_template
import os # importing operating system module
import pymongo
MONGODB_URI = 'mongodb+srv://kennedyekanem:[email protected]/?retryWrites=true&w=majority&appName=flaskapp'
client = pymongo.MongoClient(MONGODB_URI)
db = client['flaskapp'] # accessing the database
query = {"age":{"$gt":30}}
students = db.students.find(query)
for student in students:
print(student)
app = Flask(__name__)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# for deployment we use the environ
# to make it work for both production and development
port = int(os.environ.get("PORT", 5000))
app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0', port=port){'_id': ObjectId('5df68a21f106fe2d315bbc8b'), 'name': 'Kennedy', 'country': 'Finland', 'city': 'Helsinki', 'age': 250}
{'_id': ObjectId('5df68a23f106fe2d315bbc8c'), 'name': 'David', 'country': 'UK', 'city': 'London', 'age': 34}# let's import the flask
from flask import Flask, render_template
import os # importing operating system module
import pymongo
MONGODB_URI = 'mongodb+srv://kennedyekanem:[email protected]/?retryWrites=true&w=majority&appName=flaskapp'
client = pymongo.MongoClient(MONGODB_URI)
db = client['flaskapp'] # accessing the database
query = {"age":{"$gt":30}}
students = db.students.find(query)
for student in students:
print(student){'_id': ObjectId('5df68a23f106fe2d315bbc8d'), 'name': 'John', 'country': 'Sweden', 'city': 'Stockholm', 'age': 28}
{'_id': ObjectId('5df68a23f106fe2d315bbc8e'), 'name': 'Sami', 'country': 'Finland', 'city': 'Helsinki', 'age': 25}We can limit the number of documents we return using the limit() method.
# let's import the flask
from flask import Flask, render_template
import os # importing operating system module
import pymongo
MONGODB_URI = 'mongodb+srv://kennedyekanem:[email protected]/?retryWrites=true&w=majority&appName=flaskapp'
client = pymongo.MongoClient(MONGODB_URI)
db = client['flaskapp'] # accessing the database
db.students.find().limit(3)By default, sort is in ascending order. We can change the sorting to descending order by adding -1 parameter.
# let's import the flask
from flask import Flask, render_template
import os # importing operating system module
import pymongo
MONGODB_URI = 'mongodb+srv://kennedyekanem:[email protected]/?retryWrites=true&w=majority&appName=flaskapp'
client = pymongo.MongoClient(MONGODB_URI)
db = client['flaskapp'] # accessing the database
students = db.students.find().sort('name')
for student in students:
print(student)
students = db.students.find().sort('name',-1)
for student in students:
print(student)
students = db.students.find().sort('age')
for student in students:
print(student)
students = db.students.find().sort('age',-1)
for student in students:
print(student)
app = Flask(__name__)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# for deployment we use the environ
# to make it work for both production and development
port = int(os.environ.get("PORT", 5000))
app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0', port=port)Ascending order
{'_id': ObjectId('5df68a21f106fe2d315bbc8b'), 'name': 'Kennedy', 'country': 'Finland', 'city': 'Helsinki', 'age': 250}
{'_id': ObjectId('5df68a23f106fe2d315bbc8c'), 'name': 'David', 'country': 'UK', 'city': 'London', 'age': 34}
{'_id': ObjectId('5df68a23f106fe2d315bbc8d'), 'name': 'John', 'country': 'Sweden', 'city': 'Stockholm', 'age': 28}
{'_id': ObjectId('5df68a23f106fe2d315bbc8e'), 'name': 'Sami', 'country': 'Finland', 'city': 'Helsinki', 'age': 25}Descending order
{'_id': ObjectId('5df68a23f106fe2d315bbc8e'), 'name': 'Sami', 'country': 'Finland', 'city': 'Helsinki', 'age': 25}
{'_id': ObjectId('5df68a23f106fe2d315bbc8d'), 'name': 'John', 'country': 'Sweden', 'city': 'Stockholm', 'age': 28}
{'_id': ObjectId('5df68a23f106fe2d315bbc8c'), 'name': 'David', 'country': 'UK', 'city': 'London', 'age': 34}
{'_id': ObjectId('5df68a21f106fe2d315bbc8b'), 'name': 'Kennedy', 'country': 'Finland', 'city': 'Helsinki', 'age': 250}We will use update_one() method to update one item. It takes two object one is a query and the second is the new object. The first person, Kennedy got a very implausible age. Let us update Kennedy's age.
# let's import the flask
from flask import Flask, render_template
import os # importing operating system module
import pymongo
MONGODB_URI = 'mongodb+srv://kennedyekanem:[email protected]/?retryWrites=true&w=majority&appName=flaskapp'
client = pymongo.MongoClient(MONGODB_URI)
db = client['flaskapp'] # accessing the database
query = {'age':250}
new_value = {'$set':{'age':38}}
db.students.update_one(query, new_value)
# lets check the result if the age is modified
for student in db.students.find():
print(student)
app = Flask(__name__)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# for deployment we use the environ
# to make it work for both production and development
port = int(os.environ.get("PORT", 5000))
app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0', port=port){'_id': ObjectId('5df68a21f106fe2d315bbc8b'), 'name': 'Kennedy', 'country': 'Finland', 'city': 'Helsinki', 'age': 38}
{'_id': ObjectId('5df68a23f106fe2d315bbc8c'), 'name': 'David', 'country': 'UK', 'city': 'London', 'age': 34}
{'_id': ObjectId('5df68a23f106fe2d315bbc8d'), 'name': 'John', 'country': 'Sweden', 'city': 'Stockholm', 'age': 28}
{'_id': ObjectId('5df68a23f106fe2d315bbc8e'), 'name': 'Sami', 'country': 'Finland', 'city': 'Helsinki', 'age': 25}When we want to update many documents at once we use upate_many() method.
The method delete_one() deletes one document. The delete_one() takes a query object parameter. It only removes the first occurrence. Let us remove one John from the collection.
# let's import the flask
from flask import Flask, render_template
import os # importing operating system module
import pymongo
MONGODB_URI = 'mongodb+srv://kennedyekanem:[email protected]/?retryWrites=true&w=majority&appName=flaskapp'
client = pymongo.MongoClient(MONGODB_URI)
db = client['flaskapp'] # accessing the database
query = {'name':'John'}
db.students.delete_one(query)
for student in db.students.find():
print(student)
# lets check the result if the age is modified
for student in db.students.find():
print(student)
app = Flask(__name__)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# for deployment we use the environ
# to make it work for both production and development
port = int(os.environ.get("PORT", 5000))
app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0', port=port){'_id': ObjectId('5df68a21f106fe2d315bbc8b'), 'name': 'Kennedy', 'country': 'Finland', 'city': 'Helsinki', 'age': 38}
{'_id': ObjectId('5df68a23f106fe2d315bbc8c'), 'name': 'David', 'country': 'UK', 'city': 'London', 'age': 34}
{'_id': ObjectId('5df68a23f106fe2d315bbc8e'), 'name': 'Sami', 'country': 'Finland', 'city': 'Helsinki', 'age': 25}As you can see John has been removed from the collection.
When we want to delete many documents we use delete_many() method, it takes a query object. If we pass an empty query object to delete_many({}) it will delete all the documents in the collection.
Using the drop() method we can delete a collection from a database.
# let's import the flask
from flask import Flask, render_template
import os # importing operating system module
import pymongo
MONGODB_URI = 'mongodb+srv://kennedyekanem:[email protected]/?retryWrites=true&w=majority&appName=flaskapp'
client = pymongo.MongoClient(MONGODB_URI)
db = client['flaskapp'] # accessing the database
db.students.drop()