CI: Update macOS matrix with latest versions #615

Job	Run time
build (ubuntu-22.04, g++-12, gcc-12, g++-12)	13m 50s
build (ubuntu-20.04, g++-9, gcc-9, g++-9)	13m 44s
build (ubuntu-22.04, clang-14, clang-14, clang++-14)	11m 42s
build (ubuntu-20.04, clang-9, clang-9, clang++-9, -fno-builtin)	9m 37s
build (macos-15, Xcode_16.0)	8m 22s
build (macos-14, Xcode_16.0)	9m 0s
build (macos-13, Xcode_15.2)	17m 55s
build (macos-13, Xcode_14.3.1)	20m 13s
build (macos-12, Xcode_14.2)	12m 54s
	1h 57m 17s

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