feat: make data parameter of Table and Column required

[lars-reimann]

Summary of Changes

The data parameter of Table and Column must now be specified. Being able to omit it was nice for tests, but also means that users might forget to specify their data. Since tables and columns are immutable, creating an empty table is rarely useful in practice.

[github-actions]

🦙 MegaLinter status: ✅ SUCCESS

Descriptor	Linter	Files	Fixed	Errors	Elapsed time
✅ PYTHON	black	78	0	0	2.12s
✅ PYTHON	mypy	78		0	3.93s
✅ PYTHON	ruff	78	0	0	0.3s
✅ REPOSITORY	git_diff	yes		no	0.29s

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 75.00000% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 94.42%. Comparing base (7a7fa77) to head (324bb16).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/safeds/data/tabular/containers/_table.py	66.66%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #978      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   94.42%   94.42%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         121      121              
  Lines        7463     7459       -4     
==========================================
- Hits         7047     7043       -4     
  Misses        416      416              

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