fix: pass optional arguments of memoized calls by name (#1095)

Closes #1087

### Summary of Changes

Optional argument of memoized calls are now stored in a separate dict,
so they can be passed by name in the runner.

packages/safe-ds-lang/src/language/generation/python/constants.ts

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export const CODEGEN_PREFIX = '__gen_';

packages/safe-ds-lang/src/language/generation/python/utilityFunctions.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+import { expandToNode, Generated } from 'langium/generate';
+
+const CODEGEN_PREFIX = '__gen_';
+
+export const eagerOr: UtilityFunction = {
+    name: `${CODEGEN_PREFIX}eager_or`,
+    code: expandToNode`
+        def ${CODEGEN_PREFIX}eager_or(left_operand: bool, right_operand: bool) -> bool:
+            return left_operand or right_operand
+    `,
+};
+
+export const eagerAnd: UtilityFunction = {
+    name: `${CODEGEN_PREFIX}eager_and`,
+    code: expandToNode`
+        def ${CODEGEN_PREFIX}eager_and(left_operand: bool, right_operand: bool) -> bool:
+            return left_operand and right_operand
+    `,
+};
+
+export const eagerElvis: UtilityFunction = {
+    name: `${CODEGEN_PREFIX}eager_elvis`,
+    code: expandToNode`
+        def ${CODEGEN_PREFIX}eager_elvis(left_operand: ${CODEGEN_PREFIX}T, right_operand: ${CODEGEN_PREFIX}T) -> ${CODEGEN_PREFIX}T:
+            return left_operand if left_operand is not None else right_operand
+    `,
+    typeVariables: [`${CODEGEN_PREFIX}T`],
+};
+
+export const nullSafeCall: UtilityFunction = {
+    name: `${CODEGEN_PREFIX}null_safe_call`,
+    code: expandToNode`
+        def ${CODEGEN_PREFIX}null_safe_call(receiver: Any, callable: Callable[[], ${CODEGEN_PREFIX}T]) -> ${CODEGEN_PREFIX}T | None:
+            return callable() if receiver is not None else None
+    `,
+    imports: [
+        { importPath: 'typing', declarationName: 'Any' },
+        { importPath: 'typing', declarationName: 'Callable' },
+    ],
+    typeVariables: [`${CODEGEN_PREFIX}T`],
+};
+
+export const nullSafeIndexedAccess: UtilityFunction = {
+    name: `${CODEGEN_PREFIX}null_safe_indexed_access`,
+    code: expandToNode`
+        def ${CODEGEN_PREFIX}null_safe_indexed_access(receiver: Any, index: Any) -> ${CODEGEN_PREFIX}T | None:
+            return receiver[index] if receiver is not None else None
+    `,
+    imports: [{ importPath: 'typing', declarationName: 'Any' }],
+    typeVariables: [`${CODEGEN_PREFIX}T`],
+};
+
+export const nullSafeMemberAccess: UtilityFunction = {
+    name: `${CODEGEN_PREFIX}null_safe_member_access`,
+    code: expandToNode`
+        def ${CODEGEN_PREFIX}null_safe_member_access(receiver: Any, member_name: str) -> ${CODEGEN_PREFIX}T | None:
+            return getattr(receiver, member_name) if receiver is not None else None
+    `,
+    imports: [{ importPath: 'typing', declarationName: 'Any' }],
+    typeVariables: [`${CODEGEN_PREFIX}T`],
+};
+
+export interface UtilityFunction {
+    readonly name: string;
+    readonly code: Generated;
+    readonly imports?: ImportData[];
+    readonly typeVariables?: string[];
+}
+
+interface ImportData {
+    readonly importPath: string;
+    readonly declarationName?: string;
+    readonly alias?: string;
+}

packages/safe-ds-lang/src/language/index.ts

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ export * as commands from './communication/commands.js';
 export * as rpc from './communication/rpc.js';
 
 // Generation
-export { CODEGEN_PREFIX } from './generation/safe-ds-python-generator.js';
+export { CODEGEN_PREFIX } from './generation/python/constants.js';
 
 // Dependencies
 export const dependencies = {

packages/safe-ds-lang/src/language/runtime/safe-ds-runner.ts

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import {
 } from './messages.js';
 import { SourceMapConsumer } from 'source-map-js';
 import { SafeDsAnnotations } from '../builtins/safe-ds-annotations.js';
-import { SafeDsPythonGenerator } from '../generation/safe-ds-python-generator.js';
+import { SafeDsPythonGenerator } from '../generation/python/safe-ds-python-generator.js';
 import { isSdsModule, isSdsPipeline, isSdsPlaceholder } from '../generated/ast.js';
 import { SafeDsLogger, SafeDsMessagingProvider } from '../communication/safe-ds-messaging-provider.js';
 import crypto from 'crypto';

packages/safe-ds-lang/src/language/safe-ds-module.ts

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import { SafeDsCommentProvider } from './documentation/safe-ds-comment-provider.
 import { SafeDsDocumentationProvider } from './documentation/safe-ds-documentation-provider.js';
 import { SafeDsCallGraphComputer } from './flow/safe-ds-call-graph-computer.js';
 import { SafeDsGeneratedModule, SafeDsGeneratedSharedModule, SafeDsLanguageMetaData } from './generated/module.js';
-import { SafeDsPythonGenerator } from './generation/safe-ds-python-generator.js';
+import { SafeDsPythonGenerator } from './generation/python/safe-ds-python-generator.js';
 import { SafeDsValueConverter } from './grammar/safe-ds-value-converter.js';
 import { SafeDsNodeMapper } from './helpers/safe-ds-node-mapper.js';
 import { SafeDsCallHierarchyProvider } from './lsp/safe-ds-call-hierarchy-provider.js';

packages/safe-ds-lang/src/language/validation/names.ts

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import {
     SdsSegment,
     SdsTypeParameter,
 } from '../generated/ast.js';
-import { CODEGEN_PREFIX } from '../generation/safe-ds-python-generator.js';
+import { CODEGEN_PREFIX } from '../generation/python/constants.js';
 import { isInDevFile, isInPipelineFile, isInStubFile } from '../helpers/fileExtensions.js';
 import {
     getClassMembers,

packages/safe-ds-lang/tests/resources/generation/python/runner integration/expressions/calls/main/generated/tests/generator/runnerIntegration/expressions/calls/main/gen_input.py

@@ -22,47 +22,155 @@ def segment_a(a):
 # Pipelines --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 def test():
-    f(safeds_runner.memoized_static_call("tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.g", lambda *_ : g(1, param2=2), [1, 2], []))
-    f(safeds_runner.memoized_static_call("tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.g", lambda *_ : g(2, param2=1), [2, 1], []))
-    f(safeds_runner.memoized_static_call("tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.h", lambda *_ : h(1, param_2=2), [1, 2], []))
-    f(safeds_runner.memoized_static_call("tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.h", lambda *_ : h(2, param_2=1), [2, 1], []))
-    f(safeds_runner.memoized_static_call("tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.h", h, [2, 0], []))
+    f(safeds_runner.memoized_static_call(
+        "tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.g",
+        g,
+        [1],
+        {"param2": 2},
+        []
+    ))
+    f(safeds_runner.memoized_static_call(
+        "tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.g",
+        g,
+        [2],
+        {"param2": 1},
+        []
+    ))
+    f(safeds_runner.memoized_static_call(
+        "tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.h",
+        h,
+        [1],
+        {"param_2": 2},
+        []
+    ))
+    f(safeds_runner.memoized_static_call(
+        "tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.h",
+        h,
+        [2],
+        {"param_2": 1},
+        []
+    ))
+    f(safeds_runner.memoized_static_call(
+        "tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.h",
+        h,
+        [2],
+        {"param_2": 0},
+        []
+    ))
     'abc'.i()
     'abc'.j(123)
     k(456, 1.23)
-    __gen_null_safe_call(f, lambda: f(safeds_runner.memoized_static_call("tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.g", lambda *_ : g(1, param2=2), [1, 2], [])))
-    __gen_null_safe_call(f, lambda: f(safeds_runner.memoized_static_call("tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.g", lambda *_ : g(2, param2=1), [2, 1], [])))
-    __gen_null_safe_call(f, lambda: f(safeds_runner.memoized_static_call("tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.h", lambda *_ : h(1, param_2=2), [1, 2], [])))
-    __gen_null_safe_call(f, lambda: f(safeds_runner.memoized_static_call("tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.h", lambda *_ : h(2, param_2=1), [2, 1], [])))
-    __gen_null_safe_call(f, lambda: f(safeds_runner.memoized_static_call("tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.h", h, [2, 0], [])))
+    __gen_null_safe_call(f, lambda: f(safeds_runner.memoized_static_call(
+        "tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.g",
+        g,
+        [1],
+        {"param2": 2},
+        []
+    )))
+    __gen_null_safe_call(f, lambda: f(safeds_runner.memoized_static_call(
+        "tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.g",
+        g,
+        [2],
+        {"param2": 1},
+        []
+    )))
+    __gen_null_safe_call(f, lambda: f(safeds_runner.memoized_static_call(
+        "tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.h",
+        h,
+        [1],
+        {"param_2": 2},
+        []
+    )))
+    __gen_null_safe_call(f, lambda: f(safeds_runner.memoized_static_call(
+        "tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.h",
+        h,
+        [2],
+        {"param_2": 1},
+        []
+    )))
+    __gen_null_safe_call(f, lambda: f(safeds_runner.memoized_static_call(
+        "tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.h",
+        h,
+        [2],
+        {"param_2": 0},
+        []
+    )))
     __gen_null_safe_call(i, lambda: 'abc'.i())
     __gen_null_safe_call(j, lambda: 'abc'.j(123))
     __gen_null_safe_call(k, lambda: k(456, 1.23))
-    f(safeds_runner.memoized_static_call("tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.readFile", readFile, [], [safeds_runner.file_mtime('a.txt')]))
+    f(safeds_runner.memoized_static_call(
+        "tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.readFile",
+        readFile,
+        [],
+        {},
+        [safeds_runner.file_mtime('a.txt')]
+    ))
     def __gen_lambda_0(a):
         return segment_a(a)
     f(l(__gen_lambda_0))
     def __gen_lambda_1(a):
         return (3) * (segment_a(a))
     f(l(__gen_lambda_1))
     def __gen_lambda_2(a):
-        return safeds_runner.memoized_static_call("tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.m", m, [(3) * (segment_a(a))], [])
+        return safeds_runner.memoized_static_call(
+            "tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.m",
+            m,
+            [(3) * (segment_a(a))],
+            {},
+            []
+        )
     f(l(__gen_lambda_2))
     def __gen_lambda_3(a):
-        return (3) * (safeds_runner.memoized_static_call("tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.m", m, [safeds_runner.memoized_static_call("tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.m", m, [(3) * (segment_a(a))], [])], []))
+        return (3) * (safeds_runner.memoized_static_call(
+            "tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.m",
+            m,
+            [safeds_runner.memoized_static_call(
+                "tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.m",
+                m,
+                [(3) * (segment_a(a))],
+                {},
+                []
+            )],
+            {},
+            []
+        ))
     f(l(__gen_lambda_3))
     def __gen_lambda_4(a):
         __gen_block_lambda_result_result = segment_a(a)
         return __gen_block_lambda_result_result
     f(l(__gen_lambda_4))
     def __gen_lambda_5(a):
-        __gen_block_lambda_result_result = safeds_runner.memoized_static_call("tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.m", m, [segment_a(a)], [])
+        __gen_block_lambda_result_result = safeds_runner.memoized_static_call(
+            "tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.m",
+            m,
+            [segment_a(a)],
+            {},
+            []
+        )
         return __gen_block_lambda_result_result
     f(l(__gen_lambda_5))
     def __gen_lambda_6(a):
         return (3) * (a)
-    f(safeds_runner.memoized_static_call("tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.l", l, [__gen_lambda_6], []))
+    f(safeds_runner.memoized_static_call(
+        "tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.l",
+        l,
+        [__gen_lambda_6],
+        {},
+        []
+    ))
     def __gen_lambda_7(a):
-        __gen_block_lambda_result_result = (3) * (safeds_runner.memoized_static_call("tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.m", m, [a], []))
+        __gen_block_lambda_result_result = (3) * (safeds_runner.memoized_static_call(
+            "tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.m",
+            m,
+            [a],
+            {},
+            []
+        ))
         return __gen_block_lambda_result_result
-    f(safeds_runner.memoized_static_call("tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.l", l, [__gen_lambda_7], []))
+    f(safeds_runner.memoized_static_call(
+        "tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.main.l",
+        l,
+        [__gen_lambda_7],
+        {},
+        []
+    ))

packages/safe-ds-lang/tests/resources/generation/python/runner integration/expressions/calls/of classes/generated/tests/generator/runnerIntegration/expressions/calls/ofClasses/gen_input.py

@@ -6,5 +6,11 @@
 # Pipelines --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 def test():
-    a = safeds_runner.memoized_static_call("tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.ofClasses.MyClass", MyClass, [0], [])
+    a = safeds_runner.memoized_static_call(
+        "tests.generator.runnerIntegration.expressions.calls.ofClasses.MyClass",
+        MyClass,
+        [0],
+        {},
+        []
+    )
     safeds_runner.save_placeholder('a', a)