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Make figure label formatting more consistent #366
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rlskoeser committed Sep 29, 2023
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion content/issues/4/sonorous-medieval/index.md
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Expand Up @@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ Only with such a digitized version of the *Jingdian Shiwen* and related texts ca

{{<wrap class="interlude" id="fig7">}}
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<b>Figure 7,</b> showing the richness of annotations in the <cite class="book">Jingdian Shiwen</cite> <span lang="zh">經典釋文</span>, and the common patterns they take.
<b>Figure 7.</b> An example showing the richness of annotations in the <cite class="book">Jingdian Shiwen</cite> <span lang="zh">經典釋文</span>, and the common patterns they take.
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8 changes: 4 additions & 4 deletions content/issues/4/toward-deep-map/index.md
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Expand Up @@ -68,12 +68,12 @@ There is a long tradition of writing about the city in China, and the writing ab

Another related kind of local writing began with the Song dynasty *Chang'an zhi*, produced by Song Minqiu (1019--1079) in 1076.[^26] Song's work includes a historical survey of the Chang'an area, including a summary of government institutions, palaces, and cities in the Zhou, the Qin, and the Han dynasties, as well as the city in the Tang dynasty and counties around Chang'an. This work is organized according to two different principles. First, the editor separates the materials between the city and the counties around it. Then, on the city, the book follows a chronological order, focusing on the Han and the Tang dynasty. Within the chapters on the city, it then includes textual information about the locations and history of notable sites. For example, the entry on the Pingkang Ward in the Tang city includes detailed information about several notable structures within the ward. An edition of the book printed in 1468 uses large characters to describe the name and location of these structures, while the smaller, double-line notes explain their history and incorporate stories about these places.

{{< figure src="images/gazetter-pingkang-ward.png" alt="Facsimile of a manuscript page showing several lines of Chinese characters." caption="Figure 3. Pingkang Ward according to the Chang'an zhi (1076)." attr="Ming dynasty edition of Chang'an zhi printed by Heyang Shutang in 1468." >}}
{{< figure src="images/gazetter-pingkang-ward.png" alt="Facsimile of a manuscript page showing several lines of Chinese characters." caption="**Figure 3.** Pingkang Ward according to the Chang'an zhi (1076)." attr="Ming dynasty edition of Chang'an zhi printed by Heyang Shutang in 1468." >}}

Therefore, unlike the thematically organized works mentioned above, the *Chang'an zhi* provides more concrete temporal and geographical information that can be associated with the texts it includes. For instance, we can "locate" the chunk of text about the residence of a notable historical figure geographically in a ward in the city, and temporally in the lifetime of this figure, which is often known or deducible from other sources. Because the *Chang'an zhi* provides the most complete list of Han and Tang place names in Chang'an and gives their location in a relatively concrete and reliable manner, it has long been the basis for the reconstruction of Chang'an in modern scholarship.[^27] I also use the *Chang'an zhi* as a basis for my reconstruction of the city (Figure 3).

{{<wrap class="interlude" id="fig4">}}
{{<table caption="Figure 4. Excerpts from my transcription of the Chang’an zhi’s tabular data from 1076 CE, which listed the wards, places, and notable structures and stories of Chang’an." class="side-scroll">}}
{{<table caption="<b>Figure 4.</b> Excerpts from my transcription of the Chang’an zhi’s tabular data from 1076 CE, which listed the wards, places, and notable structures and stories of Chang’an." class="side-scroll">}}
| ID | Data Type | Name_Ch | Location | Time | Type | Sub-Type | Start Date | End Date | CAZ | CAZ-Len |
| ------- | --------- | ------- | -------- | ---- | ------ | -------- | ---------- | -------- | -------- | ------- |
| 1001002 | Polygon | 開化坊 | 朱雀街東第一街 | Tang | Ward | Ward | 581 | 904 | 半巳南大薦福寺寺院半以東隋煬帝在藩舊宅武德中賜尚書左僕射蕭瑀西為園後瑀子鋭尚㐮城公主詔别營主第主辭以姑婦異居有乖禮則因固請乃取園地充主第又辭公主棨㦸不欲異門乃併施瑀之院門㐮城薨後官市為英王宅文明元年髙宗崩後百日立為大獻福寺度僧二百人以實之天授元年改為薦福寺中宗即位大加營飾自神龍以後翻譯佛經並於此寺寺東院有放生池周二百餘歩傳云即漢代洪池陂也西門之北法壽尼寺隋開皇六年立國子祭酒韓洄宅尚書左僕射令狐楚宅按酉陽雜爼楚宅在開化坊牡丹最盛而李商隱詩多言晉陽里第未詳户部尚書馬揔宅河東節度使兼侍中李光顔宅穆宗初賜第崇徳坊以為别宅尚書吏部侍郎沈傅師宅前司徒兼侍中崔垂休宅漕渠㑹要京兆尹韓朝宗分渭水入自金光門置潭於西市西街以貯材木又永泰二年京兆尹黎幹以京城薪炭不給鑿渠自京兆府直東至薦福寺東街北至國子監正東至子城東街並逾景風延喜門入苑 | 360 |
Expand All @@ -91,13 +91,13 @@ In addition to these geographical texts devoted to Chang'an, the vast ocean of t

The second kind of data we possess in abundance now comes from archaeology. Unlike textual sources, whose geographical information can often be fuzzy, archaeological data generally contain concrete geographical information. For instance, when a hoard of Tang treasures was discovered in 1970, we know *precisely* where it was discovered: a modern village called Hejiacun (Figure 4).[^29] Then, cross-referencing with textual sources from *Chang'an zhi* and others, we can determine that this hoard was located in the southwestern part of the Xinghua Ward on the west side of Chang'an.

{{< figure src="images/golden-bowl-hejia-village.jpg" alt="A golden bowl with decorative patterns and animals engraved along the side." caption="Figure 6. A Golden Bowl from the Hejia Village Hoard. Artifacts like these allow us to link abstract textual descriptions of a place with their geographic location." attr="Wikimedia Commons." attrlink="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%B8%B3%E9%B8%AF%E8%8E%B2%E7%93%A3%E7%BA%B9%E9%87%91%E7%A2%97_20091112.jpg" >}}
{{< figure src="images/golden-bowl-hejia-village.jpg" alt="A golden bowl with decorative patterns and animals engraved along the side." caption="**Figure 5.** A Golden Bowl from the Hejia Village Hoard. Artifacts like these allow us to link abstract textual descriptions of a place with their geographic location." attr="Wikimedia Commons." attrlink="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%B8%B3%E9%B8%AF%E8%8E%B2%E7%93%A3%E7%BA%B9%E9%87%91%E7%A2%97_20091112.jpg" >}}

Thousands of similar archaeological discoveries, from tombs and building foundations to ancient wells and gates, have been made in the past few decades. Almost all of them, when documented in official reports, are placed with a precise location that can be associated with a Tang or Han dynasty place. In this way, these archaeological data can be easily connected to the textual database. Our knowledge about their precise locations means that these archaeological data more easily lend themselves to geometric abstractions than does most textual information.

Furthermore, archaeology does not simply provide additional data, but can help revise and refine the textual data too. The archaeological work on the city itself --- its walls, gates, bridges, and palaces --- gives us a more precise picture of the shape of the city than textual sources and offers details unrecorded in texts. For instance, the excavation of what used to be the Western Market --- the center of foreign trade in Tang Chang'an --- revealed details about the internal structure of the market area, including the bridges and water system that must have been crucial to the function of the city (Figure 5). None of these details are recorded in textual sources. Such archaeological data complement, correct, and enrich textual data; a full picture of the city can only become possible if both types of sources are thoroughly incorporated.

{{< figure src="images/stone-bridge-western-market.jpg" alt="The excavation of an ancient bridge in the middle of a modern city street." caption="Figure 6. Excavation of a Stone Bridge in the Western Market of Tang Chang'an." attr="Photo taken by the author." >}}
{{< figure src="images/stone-bridge-western-market.jpg" alt="The excavation of an ancient bridge in the middle of a modern city street." caption="**Figure 6.** Excavation of a Stone Bridge in the Western Market of Tang Chang'an." attr="Photo taken by the author." >}}

What can we do with a database that incorporates both textual and archaeological information? And how would this "deep map" differ from the existing maps surveyed above? At this point, in the beginning of my project, I can only offer a few conjectural remarks.

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