Time dependent QDM (#226)

* Initializing WindowedQuantileDeltaMappingCorrection

* feat: window_mask() method

A masking for measurements outside the intended time window of interest.

* feat: window_mask() method directly on QDM

A masking for measurements outside the intended time window of interest.
Building it directly in the standard QDM method.

* refact: run_single including bias time index

A requirements to estimate parameters by time window.

* feat: Quantiles estimated within moving time windows

This allows monthly quantiles or any other scales.

* refactor: local_qdm running on time windows

Expects the CDFs were estimated within time windows and apply the QDM
correction respecting those.

* feat: Method to guide periods along a year

This is used to support applying filters and masks.

* doc: Info on assuming nearest available CDF

* clean: Removing WindowedQuantileDeltaMappingCorrection

A different direction. Instead of that, I generatlized the standard
QuantileDeltaMappingCorrection to deal with N periods, which N=1 is the
same behavior of the original function.

* refactor: Using named arguments

Using named arguments allow more freedom on the functions signatures
thus more freedom for refactoring. Here we initiated the requirement on
time to be able to apply QDM on different time scales, such as
seasonally.

* Adding ipython to dev environment

* test: Adjusting tests to run with new temporal QDM

* cfg: Updating pixi.lock

* doc: window_mask()

* doc, style: _window_center()

* style:

* style:

* fix: Use nearest window center

* Replacing variable t by idt

As requested by @grantbuster

* refact: Renaming variables

As requested by @grantbuster

* refact, fix: window_mask doesn't need rouding

In case of a resolution higher than daily, it would make sense using the
window extent without rounding it. Also fix a sign when after 365.

* test: Testing window_mask()

* doc: Improving window_mask() documentation

* doc: Updating documentation to reflect new dimension on time window

Issue noticed by @grantbuster

* refact: Renaming time to time_index

As requested by @bnb32.

* doc: Information on the reference attributes

As requested by @grantbuster.

pyproject.toml

@@ -291,3 +291,4 @@ pytest = ">=5.2"
 build = ">=0.6"
 twine = ">=5.0"
 ruff = ">=0.4"
+ipython = ">=8.0"

sup3r/bias/bias_transforms.py

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """Bias correction transformation functions."""
+
 import logging
 import os
 from warnings import warn
 
 import numpy as np
+import pandas as pd
 from rex import Resource
 from rex.utilities.bc_utils import QuantileDeltaMapping
 from scipy.ndimage import gaussian_filter
@@ -13,7 +15,6 @@
 
 
 def _get_factors(lat_lon, ds, bias_fp, threshold=0.1):
-
     with Resource(bias_fp) as res:
         lat = np.expand_dims(res['latitude'], axis=-1)
         lon = np.expand_dims(res['longitude'], axis=-1)
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ def get_spatial_bc_factors(lat_lon, feature_name, bias_fp, threshold=0.1):
           'adder': f'{feature_name}_adder'}
     out = _get_factors(lat_lon, ds, bias_fp, threshold)
 
-    return out["scalar"], out["adder"]
+    return out['scalar'], out['adder']
 
 
 def get_spatial_bc_quantiles(lat_lon: np.array,
@@ -169,7 +170,7 @@ def get_spatial_bc_quantiles(lat_lon: np.array,
     with Resource(bias_fp) as res:
         cfg = res.global_attrs
 
-    return out["base"], out["bias"], out["bias_fut"], cfg
+    return out['base'], out['bias'], out['bias_fut'], cfg
 
 
 def global_linear_bc(input, scalar, adder, out_range=None):
@@ -398,27 +399,31 @@ def monthly_local_linear_bc(input,
     return out
 
 
-def local_qdm_bc(data: np.array,
-                 lat_lon: np.array,
+def local_qdm_bc(data: np.ndarray,
+                 lat_lon: np.ndarray,
                  base_dset: str,
                  feature_name: str,
                  bias_fp,
+                 time_index: pd.DatetimeIndex,
                  lr_padded_slice=None,
                  threshold=0.1,
                  relative=True,
-                 no_trend=False):
+                 no_trend=False,
+                 ):
     """Bias correction using QDM
 
     Apply QDM to correct bias on the given data. It assumes that the required
     statistical distributions were previously estimated and saved in
     ``bias_fp``.
 
+    Assume CDF for the nearest day of year (doy) is representative.
+
     Parameters
     ----------
     data : np.ndarray
         Sup3r input data to be bias corrected, assumed to be 3D with shape
         (spatial, spatial, temporal) for a single feature.
-    lat_lon : ndarray
+    lat_lon : np.ndarray
         Array of latitudes and longitudes for the domain to bias correct
         (n_lats, n_lons, 2)
     base_dset :
@@ -428,6 +433,11 @@ def local_qdm_bc(data: np.array,
         Name of feature that is being corrected. Datasets with names
         "bias_{feature_name}_params" and "bias_fut_{feature_name}_params" will
         be retrieved.
+    time_index : pd.DatetimeIndex
+        DatetimeIndex object associated with the input data temporal axis
+        (assumed 3rd axis e.g. axis=2). Note that if this method is called as
+        part of a sup3r resolution forward pass, the time_index will be
+        included automatically for the current chunk.
     bias_fp : str
         Filepath to statistical distributions file from the bias calc module.
         Must have datasets "bias_{feature_name}_params",
@@ -454,7 +464,9 @@ def local_qdm_bc(data: np.array,
     -------
     out : np.ndarray
         The input data corrected by QDM. Its shape is the same of the input
-        (spatial, spatial, temporal)
+        (spatial, spatial, time_window, temporal). The dimension time_window
+        aligns with the number of time windows defined in a year, while
+        temporal aligns with the time of the data.
 
     See Also
     --------
@@ -467,13 +479,13 @@ def local_qdm_bc(data: np.array,
     be related to the dataset used to estimate
     "bias_fut_{feature_name}_params".
 
-    Keeping arguments consistent with `local_linear_bc()`, thus a 3D data
-    (spatial, spatial, temporal), and lat_lon (n_lats, n_lons, [lat, lon]).
-    But `QuantileDeltaMapping()`, from rex library, expects an array,
-    (time, space), thus we need to re-organize our input to match that,
-    and in the end bring it back to (spatial, spatial, temporal). This is
-    still better than maintaining the same functionality consistent in two
-    libraries.
+    Keeping arguments as consistent as possible with `local_linear_bc()`, thus
+    a 4D data (spatial, spatial, time_window, temporal), and lat_lon (n_lats,
+    n_lons, [lat, lon]). But `QuantileDeltaMapping()`, from rex library,
+    expects an array, (time, space), thus we need to re-organize our input to
+    match that, and in the end bring it back to (spatial, spatial, time_window,
+    temporal). This is still better than maintaining the same functionality
+    consistent in two libraries.
 
     Also, :class:`rex.utilities.bc_utils.QuantileDeltaMapping` expects params
     to be 2D (space, N-params).
@@ -488,35 +500,64 @@ def local_qdm_bc(data: np.array,
     >>> unbiased = local_qdm_bc(biased_array, lat_lon_array, "ghi", "rsds",
     ...                         "./dist_params.hdf")
     """
+    # Confirm that the given time matches the expected data size
+    assert (
+        data.shape[2] == time_index.size
+    ), 'Time should align with data 3rd dimension'
+
     base, bias, bias_fut, cfg = get_spatial_bc_quantiles(lat_lon,
                                                          base_dset,
                                                          feature_name,
                                                          bias_fp,
                                                          threshold)
+
     if lr_padded_slice is not None:
         spatial_slice = (lr_padded_slice[0], lr_padded_slice[1])
         base = base[spatial_slice]
         bias = bias[spatial_slice]
         bias_fut = bias_fut[spatial_slice]
 
-    if no_trend:
-        mf = None
-    else:
-        mf = bias_fut.reshape(-1, bias_fut.shape[-1])
-    # The distributions are 3D (space, space, N-params)
-    # Collapse 3D (space, space, N) into 2D (space**2, N)
-    QDM = QuantileDeltaMapping(base.reshape(-1, base.shape[-1]),
-                               bias.reshape(-1, bias.shape[-1]),
-                               mf,
-                               dist=cfg['dist'],
-                               relative=relative,
-                               sampling=cfg["sampling"],
-                               log_base=cfg["log_base"])
-
-    # input 3D shape (spatial, spatial, temporal)
-    # QDM expects input arr with shape (time, space)
-    tmp = data.reshape(-1, data.shape[-1]).T
-    # Apply QDM correction
-    tmp = QDM(tmp)
-    # Reorgnize array back from  (time, space) to (spatial, spatial, temporal)
-    return tmp.T.reshape(data.shape)
+    output = np.full_like(data, np.nan)
+    nearest_window_idx = [
+        np.argmin(abs(d - cfg['time_window_center']))
+        for d in time_index.day_of_year
+    ]
+    for window_idx in set(nearest_window_idx):
+        # Naming following the paper: observed historical
+        oh = base[:, :, window_idx]
+        # Modeled historical
+        mh = bias[:, :, window_idx]
+        # Modeled future
+        mf = bias_fut[:, :, window_idx]
+
+        # This satisfies the rex's QDM design
+        if no_trend:
+            mf = None
+        else:
+            mf = mf.reshape(-1, mf.shape[-1])
+        # The distributions at this point, after selected the respective
+        # time window with `window_idx`, are 3D (space, space, N-params)
+        # Collapse 3D (space, space, N) into 2D (space**2, N)
+        QDM = QuantileDeltaMapping(oh.reshape(-1, oh.shape[-1]),
+                                   mh.reshape(-1, mh.shape[-1]),
+                                   mf,
+                                   dist=cfg['dist'],
+                                   relative=relative,
+                                   sampling=cfg['sampling'],
+                                   log_base=cfg['log_base'],
+                                   )
+
+        subset_idx = nearest_window_idx == window_idx
+        subset = data[:, :, subset_idx]
+        # input 3D shape (spatial, spatial, temporal)
+        # QDM expects input arr with shape (time, space)
+        tmp = subset.reshape(-1, subset.shape[-1]).T
+        # Apply QDM correction
+        tmp = QDM(tmp)
+        # Reorgnize array back from  (time, space)
+        # to (spatial, spatial, temporal)
+        tmp = tmp.T.reshape(subset.shape)
+        # Position output respecting original time axis sequence
+        output[:, :, subset_idx] = tmp
+
+    return output