pyxDamerauLevenshtein

LICENSE

This software is licensed under the BSD 3-Clause License. Please refer to the separate LICENSE.txt file for the exact text of the license. You are obligated to give attribution if you use this code.

ABOUT

pyxDamerauLevenshtein implements the Damerau-Levenshtein (DL) edit distance algorithm for Python in Cython for high performance. Courtesy Wikipedia:

In information theory and computer science, the Damerau-Levenshtein distance (named after Frederick J. Damerau and Vladimir I. Levenshtein) is a "distance" (string metric) between two strings, i.e., finite sequence of symbols, given by counting the minimum number of operations needed to transform one string into the other, where an operation is defined as an insertion, deletion, or substitution of a single character, or a transposition of two adjacent characters.

This implementation is based on Michael Homer's pure Python implementation, which implements the optimal string alignment distance algorithm. It runs in O(N*M) time using O(M) space. It supports unicode characters.

REQUIREMENTS

This code requires 2.7 or Python 3.4+, NumPy, and a C compiler such as GCC. Although the code was written in Cython, Cython is not required for installation.

INSTALL

pyxDamerauLevenshtein is available on PyPI at https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyxDamerauLevenshtein.

Install using pip:

pip install pyxDamerauLevenshtein

Install from source:

pip install numpy
python setup.py install

or

pip install .

USING THIS CODE

The following methods are available:

• Edit distance (damerau_levenshtein_distance)

  • Compute the raw distance between two strings (i.e., the minumum number of operations necessary to transform one string into the other).
  • Additionally, the distance between lists and tuples can also be computed.

• Normalized edit distance (normalized_damerau_levenshtein_distance)

  • Compute the ratio of the edit distance to the length of max(string1, string2). 0.0 means that the sequences are identical, while 1.0 means that they have nothing in common. Note that this definition is the exact opposite of difflib.SequenceMatcher.ratio().

• Edit distance against an array (damerau_levenshtein_distance_ndarray)

  • Compute the raw distances between a string and each string in a NumPy array.

• Normalized edit distance against an array (normalized_damerau_levenshtein_distance_ndarray)

  • Compute the normalized distances between a string and each string in a NumPy array.

Basic use:

from pyxdameraulevenshtein import damerau_levenshtein_distance, normalized_damerau_levenshtein_distance
damerau_levenshtein_distance('smtih', 'smith')  # expected result: 1
normalized_damerau_levenshtein_distance('smtih', 'smith')  # expected result: 0.2
damerau_levenshtein_distance([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9, 7, 10, 11, 4])  # expected result: 7

from pyxdameraulevenshtein import damerau_levenshtein_distance_ndarray, normalized_damerau_levenshtein_distance_ndarray
import numpy as np
array = np.array(['test1', 'test12', 'test123'])
damerau_levenshtein_distance_ndarray('test', array)  # expected result: [1, 2, 3]
normalized_damerau_levenshtein_distance_ndarray('test', array)  # expected result: [0.2, 0.33333334, 0.42857143]

DIFFERENCES

Other Python DL implementations:

• Michael Homer's native Python code
• jellyfish

pyxDamerauLevenshtein differs from other Python implementations in that it is both fast via Cython and supports unicode. Michael Homer's implementation is fast for Python, but it is two orders of magnitude slower than this Cython implementation. jellyfish provides C implementations for a variety of string comparison metrics, but it is unlikely to support unicode in the near future.

Python's built-in difflib.SequenceMatcher.ratio() performs about an order of magnitude faster than Michael Homer's implementation but is still one order of magnitude slower than this DL implementation. difflib, however, uses a different algorithm (difflib uses the Ratcliff/Obershelp algorithm).

Performance differences (on Intel i7-2600 running at 3.4Ghz):

>>> import timeit
>>> #this implementation:
... timeit.timeit("damerau_levenshtein_distance('e0zdvfb840174ut74j2v7gabx1 5bs', 'qpk5vei 4tzo0bglx8rl7e 2h4uei7')", 'from pyxdameraulevenshtein import damerau_levenshtein_distance', number=500000)
7.417556047439575
>>> #Michael Homer's native Python implementation:
... timeit.timeit("dameraulevenshtein('e0zdvfb840174ut74j2v7gabx1 5bs', 'qpk5vei 4tzo0bglx8rl7e 2h4uei7')", 'from dameraulevenshtein import dameraulevenshtein', number=500000)
667.0276439189911
>>> #difflib
... timeit.timeit("difflib.SequenceMatcher(None, 'e0zdvfb840174ut74j2v7gabx1 5bs', 'qpk5vei 4tzo0bglx8rl7e 2h4uei7').ratio()", 'import difflib', number=500000)
135.41051697731018