❄️🧊 cryo 🧊❄️

cryo is the easiest way to extract blockchain data to parquet, csv, json, or a python dataframe.

cryo is also extremely flexible, with many different options to control how data is extracted + filtered + formatted

cryo is an early WIP, please report bugs + feedback to the issue tracker

note that cryo's default settings will slam a node too hard for use with 3rd party RPC providers. Instead, --requests-per-second and --max-concurrent-requests should be used to impose ratelimits. Such settings will be handled automatically in a future release.

to discuss cryo, check out the telegram group

Contents

1. Example Usage
2. Installation
3. Data Schema
4. Code Guide
5. Documentation
   1. Basics
   2. Syntax
   3. Datasets

Example Usage

use as cryo <dataset> [OPTIONS]

Example	Command
Extract all logs from block 16,000,000 to block 17,000,000	cryo logs -b 16M:17M
Extract blocks, logs, or traces missing from current directory	cryo blocks txs traces
Extract to csv instead of parquet	cryo blocks txs traces --csv
Extract only certain columns	cryo blocks --include number timestamp
Dry run to view output schemas or expected work	cryo storage_diffs --dry
Extract all USDC events	cryo logs --contract 0xa0b86991c6218b36c1d19d4a2e9eb0ce3606eb48

For a more complex example, see the Uniswap Example.

cryo uses ETH_RPC_URL env var as the data source unless --rpc <url> is given

Installation

The simplest way to use cryo is as a cli tool:

Method 1: install from source

git clone https://github.com/paradigmxyz/cryo
cd cryo
cargo install --path ./crates/cli

This method requires having rust installed. See rustup for instructions.

Method 2: install from crates.io

cargo install cryo_cli

This method requires having rust installed. See rustup for instructions.

Make sure that ~/.cargo/bin is on your PATH. One way to do this is by adding the line export PATH="$HOME/.cargo/bin:$PATH" to your ~/.bashrc or ~/.profile.

Python Installation

cryo can also be installed as a python package:

Installing cryo python from pypi

(make sure rust is installed first, see rustup)

pip install maturin
pip install cryo

Installing cryo python from source

pip install maturin
git clone https://github.com/paradigmxyz/cryo
cd cryo/crates/python
maturin build --release
pip install --force-reinstall <OUTPUT_OF_MATURIN_BUILD>.whl

Data Schemas

Many cryo cli options will affect output schemas by adding/removing columns or changing column datatypes.

cryo will always print out data schemas before collecting any data. To view these schemas without collecting data, use --dry to perform a dry run.

Schema Design Guide

An attempt is made to ensure that the dataset schemas conform to a common set of design guidelines:

• By default, rows should contain enough information in their columns to be order-able (unless the rows do not have an intrinsic order).
• Columns should usually be named by their JSON-RPC or ethers.rs defaults, except in cases where a much more explicit name is available.
• To make joins across tables easier, a given piece of information should use the same datatype and column name across tables when possible.
• Large ints such as u256 should allow multiple conversions. A value column of type u256 should allow: value_binary, value_string, value_f32, value_f64, value_u32, value_u64, and value_d128. These types can be specified at runtime using the --u256-types argument.
• By default, columns related to non-identifying cryptographic signatures are omitted by default. For example, state_root of a block or v/r/s of a transaction.
• Integer values that can never be negative should be stored as unsigned integers.
• Every table should allow a chain_id column so that data from multiple chains can be easily stored in the same table.

Standard types across tables:

• block_number: u32
• transaction_index: u32
• nonce: u32
• gas_used: u64
• gas_limit: u64
• chain_id: u64
• timestamp: u32

JSON-RPC

cryo currently obtains all of its data using the JSON-RPC protocol standard.

dataset	blocks per request	results per block	method
Blocks	1	1	eth_getBlockByNumber
Transactions	1	multiple	eth_getBlockByNumber, eth_getBlockReceipts, eth_getTransactionReceipt
Logs	multiple	multiple	eth_getLogs
Contracts	1	multiple	trace_block
Traces	1	multiple	trace_block
State Diffs	1	multiple	trace_replayBlockTransactions
Vm Traces	1	multiple	trace_replayBlockTransactions

cryo use ethers.rs to perform JSON-RPC requests, so it can be used any chain that ethers-rs is compatible with. This includes Ethereum, Optimism, Arbitrum, Polygon, BNB, and Avalanche.

A future version of cryo will be able to bypass JSON-RPC and query node data directly.

Code Guide

• Code is arranged into the following crates:
  • cryo_cli: convert textual data into cryo function calls
  • cryo_freeze: core cryo code
  • cryo_python: cryo python adapter
  • cryo_to_df: procedural macro for generating dataset definitions
• Do not use panics (including panic!, todo!, unwrap(), and expect()) except in the following circumstances: tests, build scripts, lazy static blocks, and procedural macros

Documentation

1. cryo help
2. cryo syntax
3. cryo datasets

cryo help

(output of cryo help)

cryo extracts blockchain data to parquet, csv, or json

Usage: cryo [OPTIONS] [DATATYPE]...

Arguments:
  [DATATYPE]...  datatype(s) to collect, use cryo datasets to see all available

Options:
      --remember    Remember current command for future use
  -v, --verbose     Extra verbosity
      --no-verbose  Run quietly without printing information to stdout
  -h, --help        Print help
  -V, --version     Print version

Content Options:
  -b, --blocks <BLOCKS>...           Block numbers, see syntax below
      --timestamps <TIMESTAMPS>...   Timestamp numbers in unix, overridden by blocks
  -t, --txs <TXS>...                 Transaction hashes, see syntax below
  -a, --align                        Align chunk boundaries to regular intervals,
                                     e.g. (1000 2000 3000), not (1106 2106 3106)
      --reorg-buffer <N_BLOCKS>      Reorg buffer, save blocks only when this old,
                                     can be a number of blocks [default: 0]
  -i, --include-columns [<COLS>...]  Columns to include alongside the defaults,
                                     use `all` to include all available columns
  -e, --exclude-columns [<COLS>...]  Columns to exclude from the defaults
      --columns [<COLS>...]          Columns to use instead of the defaults,
                                     use `all` to use all available columns
      --u256-types <U256_TYPES>...   Set output datatype(s) of U256 integers
                                     [default: binary, string, f64]
      --hex                          Use hex string encoding for binary columns
  -s, --sort [<SORT>...]             Columns(s) to sort by, `none` for unordered
      --exclude-failed               Exclude items from failed transactions

Source Options:
  -r, --rpc <RPC>                    RPC url [default: ETH_RPC_URL env var]
      --network-name <NETWORK_NAME>  Network name [default: name of eth_getChainId]

Acquisition Options:
  -l, --requests-per-second <limit>  Ratelimit on requests per second
      --max-retries <R>              Max retries for provider errors [default: 5]
      --initial-backoff <B>          Initial retry backoff time (ms) [default: 500]
      --max-concurrent-requests <M>  Global number of concurrent requests
      --max-concurrent-chunks <M>    Number of chunks processed concurrently
      --chunk-order <CHUNK_ORDER>    Chunk collection order (normal, reverse, or random)
  -d, --dry                          Dry run, collect no data

Output Options:
  -c, --chunk-size <CHUNK_SIZE>      Number of blocks per file [default: 1000]
      --n-chunks <N_CHUNKS>          Number of files (alternative to --chunk-size)
      --partition-by <PARTITION_BY>  Dimensions to partition by
  -o, --output-dir <OUTPUT_DIR>      Directory for output files [default: .]
      --subdirs <SUBDIRS>...         Subdirectories for output files
                                     can be `datatype`, `network`, or custom string
      --label <LABEL>                Label to add to each filename
      --overwrite                    Overwrite existing files instead of skipping
      --csv                          Save as csv instead of parquet
      --json                         Save as json instead of parquet
      --row-group-size <GROUP_SIZE>  Number of rows per row group in parquet file
      --n-row-groups <N_ROW_GROUPS>  Number of rows groups in parquet file
      --no-stats                     Do not write statistics to parquet files
      --compression <NAME [#]>...    Compression algorithm and level [default: lz4]
      --report-dir <REPORT_DIR>      Directory to save summary report
                                     [default: {output_dir}/.cryo/reports]
      --no-report                    Avoid saving a summary report

Dataset-specific Options:
      --address <ADDRESS>...         Address(es)
      --to-address <address>...      To Address(es)
      --from-address <address>...    From Address(es)
      --call-data <CALL_DATA>...     Call data(s) to use for eth_calls
      --function <FUNCTION>...       Function(s) to use for eth_calls
      --inputs <INPUTS>...           Input(s) to use for eth_calls
      --slot <SLOT>...               Slot(s)
      --contract <CONTRACT>...       Contract address(es)
      --topic0 <TOPIC0>...           Topic0(s) [aliases: event]
      --topic1 <TOPIC1>...           Topic1(s)
      --topic2 <TOPIC2>...           Topic2(s)
      --topic3 <TOPIC3>...           Topic3(s)
      --event-signature <SIG>...     Event signature for log decoding
      --inner-request-size <BLOCKS>  Blocks per request (eth_getLogs) [default: 1]
      --js-tracer <tracer>           Event signature for log decoding

Optional Subcommands:
      cryo help                      display help message
      cryo help syntax               display block + tx specification syntax
      cryo help datasets             display list of all datasets
      cryo help <DATASET(S)>         display info about a dataset

cryo syntax

(output of cryo help syntax)

Block specification syntax
- can use numbers                    --blocks 5000 6000 7000
- can use ranges                     --blocks 12M:13M 15M:16M
- can use a parquet file             --blocks ./path/to/file.parquet[:COLUMN_NAME]
- can use multiple parquet files     --blocks ./path/to/files/*.parquet[:COLUMN_NAME]
- numbers can contain { _ . K M B }  5_000 5K 15M 15.5M
- omitting range end means latest    15.5M: == 15.5M:latest
- omitting range start means 0       :700 == 0:700
- minus on start means minus end     -1000:7000 == 6001:7001
- plus sign on end means plus start  15M:+1000 == 15M:15.001M
- can use every nth value            2000:5000:1000 == 2000 3000 4000
- can use n values total             100:200/5 == 100 124 149 174 199

Timestamp specification syntax
- can use numbers                    --timestamp 5000 6000 7000
- can use ranges                     --timestamp 12M:13M 15M:16M
- can use a parquet file             --timestamp ./path/to/file.parquet[:COLUMN_NAME]
- can use multiple parquet files     --timestamp ./path/to/files/*.parquet[:COLUMN_NAME]
- can contain { _ . m h d w M y }    31_536_000 525600m 8760h 365d 52.143w 12.17M 1y
- omitting range end means latest    15.5M: == 15.5M:latest
- omitting range start means 0       :700 == 0:700
- minus on start means minus end     -1000:7000 == 6001:7001
- plus sign on end means plus start  15M:+1000 == 15M:15.001M
- can use n values total             100:200/5 == 100 124 149 174 199

Transaction specification syntax
- can use transaction hashes         --txs TX_HASH1 TX_HASH2 TX_HASH3
- can use a parquet file             --txs ./path/to/file.parquet[:COLUMN_NAME]
                                     (default column name is transaction_hash)
- can use multiple parquet files     --txs ./path/to/ethereum__logs*.parquet

cryo datasets

(output of cryo help datasets)

cryo datasets
─────────────
- address_appearances
- balance_diffs
- balance_reads
- balances
- blocks
- code_diffs
- code_reads
- codes
- contracts
- erc20_balances
- erc20_metadata
- erc20_supplies
- erc20_transfers
- erc20_approvals
- erc721_metadata
- erc721_transfers
- eth_calls
- four_byte_counts (alias = 4byte_counts)
- geth_calls
- geth_code_diffs
- geth_balance_diffs
- geth_storage_diffs
- geth_nonce_diffs
- geth_opcodes
- javascript_traces (alias = js_traces)
- logs (alias = events)
- native_transfers
- nonce_diffs
- nonce_reads
- nonces
- slots (alias = storages)
- storage_diffs (alias = slot_diffs)
- storage_reads (alias = slot_reads)
- traces
- trace_calls
- transactions (alias = txs)
- vm_traces (alias = opcode_traces)

dataset group names
───────────────────
- blocks_and_transactions: blocks, transactions
- call_trace_derivatives: contracts, native_transfers, traces
- geth_state_diffs: geth_balance_diffs, geth_code_diffs, geth_nonce_diffs, geth_storage_diffs
- state_diffs: balance_diffs, code_diffs, nonce_diffs, storage_diffs
- state_reads: balance_reads, code_reads, nonce_reads, storage_reads

use cryo help <DATASET> to print info about a specific dataset