[DEV-12952] Add Configurable Retry Behavior

[mawelborn]

Summary

This PR implements configurable, best-practices retry behavior for both IndicoClient and AsyncIndicoClient with consistent socket connect and read timeouts to replace the existing retry behavior that is only present on the async client and is not configurable. IndicoConfig has new options to control retry behavior, with reasonable defaults:

IndicoConfig(
    retry_count: int = 4,  # Retry API calls this many times.
    retry_wait: float = 1,  # Wait this many seconds after the first error before retrying.
    retry_backoff: float = 4,  # Multiply the wait time by this amount for each additional error.
    retry_jitter: float = 0.5,  # Add a random amount of time (up to this percent as a decimal) to the wait time to prevent simultaneous retries.
)

Type of change

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• This change requires a documentation update

Checklist:

• Jira story/task is put into PR title
• Code has been self-reviewed
• Hard-to-understand areas have been commented
• Documentation has been updated
• My changes generate no new warnings
• Unit tests have been added for base functionality and known edge cases
• Any dependent changes have been merged and published in downstream modules