Write 4-byte characters (surrogate pairs) instead of escapes

release-notes/CREDITS-2.x

@@ -435,6 +435,15 @@ Antonin Janec (@xtonic)
  * Contributed #1218: Simplify Unicode surrogate pair conversion for generation
   (2.17.0)
 
+Ian Roberts (@ianroberts)
+ * Reported #223: `UTF8JsonGenerator` writes supplementary characters as a
+   surrogate pair: should use 4-byte encoding
+  (2.18.0)
+
+Radovan Netuka (@rnetuka)
+ * Contributed fix for #223: `UTF8JsonGenerator` writes supplementary characters as a
+  surrogate pair: should use 4-byte encoding
+
 Jared Stehler (@jaredstehler)
  * Reported, contributed fix for #1274: `NUL`-corrupted keys, values on JSON serialization
   (2.18.0)

release-notes/VERSION-2.x

@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@ a pure JSON library.
 
 2.18.0 (not yet released)
 
+#223: `UTF8JsonGenerator` writes supplementary characters as a surrogate pair:
+  should use 4-byte encoding
+ (reported by Ian R)
+ (fix contributed by Radovan N)
 #1230: Improve performance of `float` and `double` parsing from `TextBuffer`
  (implemented by @pjfanning)
 #1251: `InternCache` replace synchronized with `ReentrantLock` - the cache

src/main/java/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/JsonGenerator.java

@@ -269,13 +269,20 @@ public enum Feature {
         WRITE_HEX_UPPER_CASE(true),
 
         /**
-         * Feature that specifies whether {@link JsonGenerator} should escape forward slashes.
-         * <p>
-         * Feature is disabled by default for Jackson 2.x version, and enabled by default in Jackson 3.0.
+         * See {@link com.fasterxml.jackson.core.json.JsonWriteFeature#ESCAPE_FORWARD_SLASHES}.
          *
          * @since 2.17
          */
-        ESCAPE_FORWARD_SLASHES(false);
+        ESCAPE_FORWARD_SLASHES(false),
+
+        /**
+         * See {@link com.fasterxml.jackson.core.json.JsonWriteFeature#COMBINE_UNICODE_SURROGATES_IN_UTF8}.
+         *
+         * @since 2.18
+         */
+        COMBINE_UNICODE_SURROGATES_IN_UTF8(false),
+
+        ;
 
         private final boolean _defaultState;
         private final int _mask;

src/main/java/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/json/JsonWriteFeature.java

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ public enum JsonWriteFeature
 {
     // // // Support for non-standard data format constructs: comments
 
-    // // Quoting/ecsaping-related features
+    // // Quoting/escaping-related features
 
     /**
      * Feature that determines whether JSON Object field names are
@@ -117,6 +117,28 @@ public enum JsonWriteFeature
      */
     ESCAPE_FORWARD_SLASHES(false, JsonGenerator.Feature.ESCAPE_FORWARD_SLASHES),
 
+    /**
+     * Feature that specifies how characters outside "Basic Multilingual Plane" (BMP) -- ones encoded
+     * as 4-byte UTF-8 sequences but represented in JVM memory as 2 16-bit "surrogate" {@code chars} --
+     * should be encoded as UTF-8 by {@link JsonGenerator}.
+     * If enabled, surrogate pairs are combined and flushed as a
+     * single, 4-byte UTF-8 character.
+     * If disabled, each {@code char} of pair is written as 2 separate characters: that is, as 2
+     * separate 3-byte UTF-8 characters with values in Surrogate character ranges
+     * ({@code 0xD800} - {@code 0xDBFF} and {@code 0xDC00} - {@code 0xDFFF})
+     * <p>
+     * Note that this feature only has effect for {@link JsonGenerator}s that directly encode
+     * {@code byte}-based output, as UTF-8 (target {@link java.io.OutputStream}, {@code byte[]}
+     * and so on); it will not (can not) change handling of
+     * {@code char}-based output (like {@link java.io.Writer} or {@link java.lang.String}).
+     * <p>
+     * Feature is disabled by default in 2.x for backwards-compatibility (will be enabled
+     * in 3.0).
+     *
+     * @since 2.18
+     */
+    COMBINE_UNICODE_SURROGATES_IN_UTF8(false, JsonGenerator.Feature.COMBINE_UNICODE_SURROGATES_IN_UTF8),
+
     ;
 
     final private boolean _defaultState;

src/main/java/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/json/UTF8JsonGenerator.java

@@ -1510,6 +1510,16 @@ private final void _writeStringSegment2(final char[] cbuf, int offset, final int
                 outputBuffer[outputPtr++] = (byte) (0xc0 | (ch >> 6));
                 outputBuffer[outputPtr++] = (byte) (0x80 | (ch & 0x3f));
             } else {
+                // 3- or 4-byte character
+                if (_isSurrogateChar(ch)) {
+                    final boolean combineSurrogates = Feature.COMBINE_UNICODE_SURROGATES_IN_UTF8.enabledIn(_features);
+                    if (combineSurrogates && offset < end) {
+                        char highSurrogate = (char) ch;
+                        char lowSurrogate = cbuf[offset++];
+                        outputPtr = _outputSurrogatePair(highSurrogate, lowSurrogate, outputPtr);
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
                 outputPtr = _outputMultiByteChar(ch, outputPtr);
             }
         }
@@ -1548,6 +1558,16 @@ private final void _writeStringSegment2(final String text, int offset, final int
                 outputBuffer[outputPtr++] = (byte) (0xc0 | (ch >> 6));
                 outputBuffer[outputPtr++] = (byte) (0x80 | (ch & 0x3f));
             } else {
+                // 3- or 4-byte character
+                if (_isSurrogateChar(ch)) {
+                    final boolean combineSurrogates = Feature.COMBINE_UNICODE_SURROGATES_IN_UTF8.enabledIn(_features);
+                    if (combineSurrogates && offset < end) {
+                        char highSurrogate = (char) ch;
+                        char lowSurrogate = text.charAt(offset++);
+                        outputPtr = _outputSurrogatePair(highSurrogate, lowSurrogate, outputPtr);
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
                 outputPtr = _outputMultiByteChar(ch, outputPtr);
             }
         }
@@ -2133,6 +2153,19 @@ protected final void _outputSurrogates(int surr1, int surr2) throws IOException
         bbuf[_outputTail++] = (byte) (0x80 | (c & 0x3f));
     }
 
+    // @since 2.18
+    private int _outputSurrogatePair(char highSurrogate, char lowSurrogate, int outputPtr) {
+        final int unicode = 0x10000 + ((highSurrogate & 0x03FF) << 10)
+                + (lowSurrogate & 0x03FF);
+
+        _outputBuffer[outputPtr++] = (byte) (0xF0 + ((unicode >> 18) & 0x07));
+        _outputBuffer[outputPtr++] = (byte) (0x80 + ((unicode >> 12) & 0x3F));
+        _outputBuffer[outputPtr++] = (byte) (0x80 + ((unicode >> 6) & 0x3F));
+        _outputBuffer[outputPtr++] = (byte) (0x80 + (unicode & 0x3F));
+
+        return outputPtr;
+    }
+
     /**
      *
      * @param ch
@@ -2214,5 +2247,10 @@ protected final void _flushBuffer() throws IOException
     private byte[] getHexBytes() {
         return _cfgWriteHexUppercase ? HEX_BYTES_UPPER : HEX_BYTES_LOWER;
     }
+
+    // @since 2.18
+    private boolean _isSurrogateChar(int ch) {
+        return (ch & 0xD800) == 0xD800;
+    }
 }
 

src/test/java/com/fasterxml/jackson/failing/Surrogate223Test.java → src/test/java/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/json/Surrogate223Test.java

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package com.fasterxml.jackson.failing;
+package com.fasterxml.jackson.core.json;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.StringWriter;
@@ -9,10 +9,18 @@
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
 
 class Surrogate223Test extends JUnit5TestBase
 {
-    private final JsonFactory JSON_F = new JsonFactory();
+    private final JsonFactory DEFAULT_JSON_F = newStreamFactory();
+
+    // for [core#223]
+    @Test
+    void surrogatesDefaultSetting() throws Exception {
+        // default in 2.x should be disabled:
+        assertFalse(DEFAULT_JSON_F.isEnabled(JsonWriteFeature.COMBINE_UNICODE_SURROGATES_IN_UTF8.mappedFeature()));
+    }
 
     // for [core#223]
     @Test
@@ -23,36 +31,41 @@ void surrogatesByteBacked() throws Exception
         final String toQuote = new String(Character.toChars(0x1F602));
         assertEquals(2, toQuote.length()); // just sanity check
 
-        // default should be disabled:
-//        assertFalse(JSON_F.isEnabled(JsonGenerator.Feature.ESCAPE_UTF8_SURROGATES));
-
         out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
-        g = JSON_F.createGenerator(out);
+
+        JsonFactory f = JsonFactory.builder()
+                .enable(JsonWriteFeature.COMBINE_UNICODE_SURROGATES_IN_UTF8)
+                .build();
+        g = f.createGenerator(out);
         g.writeStartArray();
         g.writeString(toQuote);
         g.writeEndArray();
         g.close();
         assertEquals(2 + 2 + 4, out.size()); // brackets, quotes, 4-byte encoding
 
         // Also parse back to ensure correctness
-        JsonParser p = JSON_F.createParser(out.toByteArray());
+        JsonParser p = f.createParser(out.toByteArray());
         assertToken(JsonToken.START_ARRAY, p.nextToken());
         assertToken(JsonToken.VALUE_STRING, p.nextToken());
+        assertEquals(toQuote, p.getText());
         assertToken(JsonToken.END_ARRAY, p.nextToken());
         p.close();
 
         // but may revert back to original behavior
         out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
-        g = JSON_F.createGenerator(out);
-//        g.enable(JsonGenerator.Feature.ESCAPE_UTF8_SURROGATES);
+        f = JsonFactory.builder()
+                .disable(JsonWriteFeature.COMBINE_UNICODE_SURROGATES_IN_UTF8)
+                .build();
+
+        g = f.createGenerator(out);
         g.writeStartArray();
         g.writeString(toQuote);
         g.writeEndArray();
         g.close();
         assertEquals(2 + 2 + 12, out.size()); // brackets, quotes, 2 x 6 byte JSON escape
     }
 
-    // for [core#223]
+    // for [core#223]: no change for character-backed (cannot do anything)
     @Test
     void surrogatesCharBacked() throws Exception
     {
@@ -61,32 +74,20 @@ void surrogatesCharBacked() throws Exception
         final String toQuote = new String(Character.toChars(0x1F602));
         assertEquals(2, toQuote.length()); // just sanity check
 
-        // default should be disabled:
-//        assertFalse(JSON_F.isEnabled(JsonGenerator.Feature.ESCAPE_UTF8_SURROGATES));
-
         out = new StringWriter();
-        g = JSON_F.createGenerator(out);
+        g = DEFAULT_JSON_F.createGenerator(out);
         g.writeStartArray();
         g.writeString(toQuote);
         g.writeEndArray();
         g.close();
         assertEquals(2 + 2 + 2, out.toString().length()); // brackets, quotes, 2 chars as is
 
         // Also parse back to ensure correctness
-        JsonParser p = JSON_F.createParser(out.toString());
+        JsonParser p = DEFAULT_JSON_F.createParser(out.toString());
         assertToken(JsonToken.START_ARRAY, p.nextToken());
         assertToken(JsonToken.VALUE_STRING, p.nextToken());
+        assertEquals(toQuote, p.getText());
         assertToken(JsonToken.END_ARRAY, p.nextToken());
         p.close();
-
-        // but may revert back to original behavior
-        out = new StringWriter();
-        g = JSON_F.createGenerator(out);
-//        g.enable(JsonGenerator.Feature.ESCAPE_UTF8_SURROGATES);
-        g.writeStartArray();
-        g.writeString(toQuote);
-        g.writeEndArray();
-        g.close();
-        assertEquals(2 + 2 + 12, out.toString().length()); // brackets, quotes, 2 x 6 byte JSON escape
     }
 }