Pyproject.toml-based installation, updated dependencies, and automatic Docker builds

[cailmdaley]

The shapepipe and sp_validation packages have inconsistent version requirements, causing dependency versions to change when installing both packages in the same environment. This PR attempts to make the dependencies of the two packages consistent (and adds a few new dependencies).

While I was at it, I switched form the old setup.py installation method to the modern pyproject.toml approach.

I also plan to set up automatic GitHub builds of a docker container for the package, building on top of the container for the shapepipe package.

[sfarrens]

Hey @cailmdaley, looking good so far. 👏 I added a few comments on things you can look into. One general point to note is that we probably won't want/need any pinned dependencies in the pyproject.toml as we can tag versions of the Docker image instead.

[cailmdaley]

thank you for the helpful comments Sam. to your general point, wouldn't it be better to specify python dependencies in the pyproject.toml since those dependencies should apply outside the container as well?

[cailmdaley]

Getting back to this PR, which has expanded beyond just pyproject.toml/Docker/CI matters to include analysis code changes to cosmo_val.py..

@sfarrens I tried to address all of your comments from last time and I'm pretty happy with the non-cosmo_val.py changes, so when you're back from vacation I'd welcome a second review!

[cailmdaley]

I think this is ready to be merged pending review, I will do one more run through the whole script to make sure everything works.