ADConversion effect

[oczoske]

The ADConversion effect simulates the analogue-digital converter of a detector:

• it applies the gain factor to convert from electrons to ADU
• it converts to the desired output data type (e.g. uint16, as often raw data are written with BITPIX=16.

The implementation expands the existing Quantization (which imho is a misnomer).

This PR is accompanied by AstarVienna/irdb#189.

[hugobuddel]

Renaming the Quantization to ADConversion sounds good, because that name is closer to the physical process.

However, if it also applies the gain, then the effect should always be applied, also when NDIT > 1 or when AutoExposure is used, but the quantization part should not. (Or a similar solution.)

This is a draft PR, so you probably already thought of that. I think that is what your todo: need to deal with this case more realistically statement is for, so I expect this comment is superfluous.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 19.04762% with 17 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 28.38%. Comparing base (93a4757) to head (7d859aa).
Report is 33 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
scopesim/effects/electronic/electrons.py	16.66%	15 Missing ⚠️
scopesim/effects/electronic/dmps.py	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️

❗ There is a different number of reports uploaded between BASE (93a4757) and HEAD (7d859aa). Click for more details.

HEAD has 96 uploads less than BASE

Flag	BASE (93a4757)	HEAD (7d859aa)
	98	2

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #455       +/-   ##
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- Coverage   75.82%   28.38%   -47.44%     
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  Files          64       62        -2     
  Lines        7804     7669      -135     
===========================================
- Hits         5917     2177     -3740     
- Misses       1887     5492     +3605     

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