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AI Protocol ERC721 Token

AI Protocol NFT is an ERC721 token used as a target NFT for iNFT protocol.

The project is built using

  • Hardhat, a popular Ethereum development environment
    • Why not standalone Truffle?
      • Truffle runs the tests several times slower than Hardhat
      • Truffle + ganache fails to run big test suites, presumably it fails to close socket connections gracefully and causes open sockets overflow
    • Why not Foundry?
      • Foundry forces the tests to be written in Solidity, which complicates
        • porting the existing tests from myriad of projects using JavaScript for tests,
        • getting help from the vast community of Node.js developers in writing tests
  • Web3.js, a collection of libraries that allows interacting with local or remote Ethereum node using HTTP, IPC or WebSocket
  • Truffle as a Hardhat module (plugin)

Smart contracts deployment is configured to use Infura or Alchemy and HD Wallet

Repository Description

What's inside?

  • ALINFT – ERC721 token implementation

Installation

Following steps were tested to work in macOS Catalina

  1. Clone the repository
    git clone [email protected]:AI-Protocol-Official/ali-nft-contracts.git
  2. Navigate into the cloned repository
    cd ali-nft-contracts
  3. Install Node Version Manager (nvm) – latest
    brew install nvm
  4. Install Node package manager (npm) and Node.js – version lts/iron v20.11.1+
    nvm install 20
  5. Activate node version installed
    nvm use 20
  6. Install project dependencies
    npm install

Troubleshooting

  • After executing nvm use 20 I get
    nvm is not compatible with the npm config "prefix" option: currently set to "/usr/local/Cellar/nvm/0.39.7/versions/node/v20.11.1"
    Run `npm config delete prefix` or `nvm use --delete-prefix v20.11.1` to unset it.
    
    Fix:
    nvm use --delete-prefix v20.11.1
    npm config delete prefix
    npm config set prefix "/usr/local/Cellar/nvm/0.39.7/versions/node/v20.11.1"
    
  • After executing npm install I get
    npm ERR! code 127
    npm ERR! path ./advanced-erc20/node_modules/utf-8-validate
    npm ERR! command failed
    npm ERR! command sh -c node-gyp-build
    npm ERR! sh: node-gyp-build: command not found
    
    npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in:
    npm ERR!     ~/.npm/_logs/2024-01-19T07_10_23_362Z-debug.log
    
    Fix:
    npm install -g node-gyp
    npm install -g node-gyp-build
    

Notes on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS

Configuration

  1. Create or import 12-word mnemonics for

    1. Mainnet
    2. Goerli
    3. Polygon
    4. Mumbai (Polygon Testnet)
    5. Binance Smart Chain (BSC) Mainnet
    6. BSC Testnet
    7. Base Mainnet
    8. Base Goerli (Testnet)

    You can use MetaMask to create mnemonics: https://metamask.io/

    Note: you can use same mnemonic for test networks (goerli, mumbai, bsc_testnet, and base_goerli). Always use a separate one for mainnet, keep it secure.

    Note: you can add more configurations to connect to the networks not listed above. Check and add configurations required into the hardhat.config.js.

    Note: you can use private keys instead of mnemonics (see Alternative Configuration section below)

  2. Create an infura access key at https://infura.io/

    Note: you can use alchemy API key instead of infura access key (see Alternative Configuration section below)

  3. Create etherscan API key at https://etherscan.io/

  4. Export mnemonics, infura access key, and etherscan API key as system environment variables (they should be available for hardhat):

    Name Value
    MNEMONIC1 Mainnet mnemonic
    MNEMONIC5 Goerli mnemonic
    MNEMONIC137 Polygon mnemonic
    MNEMONIC80001 Mumbai mnemonic
    MNEMONIC56 BSC mnemonic
    MNEMONIC97 BSC Testnet mnemonic
    MNEMONIC8453 Base Mainnet mnemonic
    MNEMONIC84531 Base Goerli mnemonic
    INFURA_KEY Infura access key
    ETHERSCAN_KEY Etherscan API key
    POLYSCAN_KEY polygonscan API key
    BSCSCAN_KEY BscScan API key
    BASESCAN_KEY BaseScan API key

Note:
Read How do I set an environment variable? article for more info on how to set up environment variables in Linux, Windows and macOS.

Example Script: macOS Catalina

export MNEMONIC1="witch collapse practice feed shame open despair creek road again ice least"
export MNEMONIC5="someone relief rubber remove donkey jazz segment nose spray century put beach"
export MNEMONIC137="slush oyster cash hotel choice universe puzzle slot reflect sword intact fat"
export MNEMONIC80001="result mom hard lend adapt where result mule address ivory excuse embody"
export MNEMONIC56="slush oyster cash hotel choice universe puzzle slot reflect sword intact fat"
export MNEMONIC97="result mom hard lend adapt where result mule address ivory excuse embody"
export MNEMONIC8453="slush oyster cash hotel choice universe puzzle slot reflect sword intact fat"
export MNEMONIC84531="result mom hard lend adapt where result mule address ivory excuse embody"
export INFURA_KEY="000ba27dfb1b3663aadfc74c3ab092ae"
export ETHERSCAN_KEY="9GEEN6VPKUR7O6ZFBJEKCWSK49YGMPUBBG"
export POLYSCAN_KEY="VF9IZLVDRA03VE3K5S46EADMW6VNV0V73U"
export BSCSCAN_KEY="ZP0UMWCA2H12WKQKEK8OGAGZ6ZFL2D0S4C"
export BASESCAN_KEY="RJ4QYXFB9G34VZLLEL6QHCHZ9ZSK9E0R8A"

Alternative Configuration: Using Private Keys instead of Mnemonics, and Alchemy instead of Infura

Alternatively to using mnemonics, private keys can be used instead. When both mnemonics and private keys are set in the environment variables, private keys are used.

Similarly, alchemy can be used instead of infura. If both infura and alchemy keys are set, alchemy is used.

  1. Create or import private keys of the accounts for

    1. Mainnet
    2. Goerli
    3. Polygon
    4. Mumbai (Polygon Testnet)
    5. Binance Smart Chain (BSC) Mainnet
    6. BSC Testnet
    7. Base Mainnet
    8. Base Goerli (Testnet)

    You can use MetaMask to export private keys: https://metamask.io/

    Note: you can use the same private key for test networks (goerli, mumbai, bsc_testnet, and base_goerli). Always use a separate one for mainnet, keep it secure.

  2. Create an alchemy API key at https://alchemy.com/

  3. Create etherscan API key at https://etherscan.io/

  4. Export private keys, infura access key, and etherscan API key as system environment variables (they should be available for hardhat):

    Name Value
    P_KEY1 Mainnet private key
    P_KEY5 Goerli private key
    P_KEY137 Polygon private key
    P_KEY80001 Mumbai private key
    P_KEY56 BSC private key
    P_KEY97 BSC Testnet private key
    P_KEY8453 Base Mainnet private key
    P_KEY84531 Base Goerli private key
    ALCHEMY_KEY Alchemy API key
    ETHERSCAN_KEY Etherscan API key
    POLYSCAN_KEY polygonscan API key
    BSCSCAN_KEY BscScan API key
    BASESCAN_KEY BaseScan API key

Note: private keys should start with 0x

Example Script: macOS Catalina

export P_KEY1="0x5ed21858f273023c7fc0683a1e853ec38636553203e531a79d677cb39b3d85ad"
export P_KEY5="0xfb84b845b8ea672939f5f6c9a43b2ae53b3ee5eb8480a4bfc5ceeefa459bf20c"
export P_KEY137="0x5ed21858f273023c7fc0683a1e853ec38636553203e531a79d677cb39b3d85ad"
export P_KEY80001="0xfb84b845b8ea672939f5f6c9a43b2ae53b3ee5eb8480a4bfc5ceeefa459bf20c"
export P_KEY56="0x5ed21858f273023c7fc0683a1e853ec38636553203e531a79d677cb39b3d85ad"
export P_KEY97="0xfb84b845b8ea672939f5f6c9a43b2ae53b3ee5eb8480a4bfc5ceeefa459bf20c"
export P_KEY8453="0x5ed21858f273023c7fc0683a1e853ec38636553203e531a79d677cb39b3d85ad"
export P_KEY84531="0xfb84b845b8ea672939f5f6c9a43b2ae53b3ee5eb8480a4bfc5ceeefa459bf20c"
export ALCHEMY_KEY="hLe1XqWAUlvmlW42Ka5fdgbpb97ENsMJ"
export ETHERSCAN_KEY="9GEEN6VPKUR7O6ZFBJEKCWSK49YGMPUBBG"
export POLYSCAN_KEY="VF9IZLVDRA03VE3K5S46EADMW6VNV0V73U"
export BSCSCAN_KEY="ZP0UMWCA2H12WKQKEK8OGAGZ6ZFL2D0S4C"
export BASESCAN_KEY="RJ4QYXFB9G34VZLLEL6QHCHZ9ZSK9E0R8A"

Using Custom JSON-RPC Endpoint URL

To use custom JSON-RPC endpoint instead of infura/alchemy public endpoints, set the corresponding RPC URL as an environment variable:

Name Value
MAINNET_RPC_URL Mainnet JSON-RPC endpoint URL
GOERLI_RPC_URL Goerli JSON-RPC endpoint URL
POLYGON_RPC_URL Polygon JSON-RPC endpoint URL
MUMBAI_RPC_URL Mumbai JSON-RPC endpoint URL
BSC_RPC_URL BSC JSON-RPC endpoint URL
BSC_TESTNET_RPC_URL BSC Testnet JSON-RPC endpoint URL
BASE_RPC_URL Base Mainnet JSON-RPC endpoint URL
BASE_GOERLI_RPC_URL Base Goerli JSON-RPC endpoint URL

Compilation

Execute npx hardhat compile command to compile smart contracts.

Compilation settings are defined in hardhat.config.js solidity section.

Note: Solidity files *.sol use strict compiler version, you need to change all the headers when upgrading the compiler to another version

Testing

Smart contract tests are built with Truffle – in JavaScript (ES6) and web3.js

The tests are located in test folder. They can be run with built-in Hardhat Network.

Run npx hardhat test to run all the tests or .npx hardhat test <test_file> to run individual test file. Example: npx hardhat test ./test/erc20/erc20_zeppelin.js

Troubleshooting

  • After running any test (executing npx hardhat test ./test/erc20/erc20_zeppelin.js for example) I get
    An unexpected error occurred:
    
    Error: This method only supports Buffer but input was: 0xac0974bec39a17e36ba4a6b4d238ff944bacb478cbed5efcae784d7bf4f2ff80
    
    Fix: downgrade @nomiclabs/hardhat-truffle5 plugin to 2.0.0 (see https://issueexplorer.com/issue/nomiclabs/hardhat/1885)
    npm install -D @nomiclabs/[email protected]
    

Test Coverage

Smart contracts test coverage is powered by [solidity-coverage] plugin.

Run npx hardhat coverage to run test coverage and generate the report.

Troubleshooting

  • After running the coverage I get

    <--- Last few GCs --->
    
    [48106:0x7f9b09900000]  3878743 ms: Scavenge 3619.3 (4127.7) -> 3606.1 (4128.2) MB, 5.2 / 0.0 ms  (average mu = 0.262, current mu = 0.138) task
    [48106:0x7f9b09900000]  3878865 ms: Scavenge 3620.6 (4128.2) -> 3606.9 (4129.2) MB, 4.9 / 0.0 ms  (average mu = 0.262, current mu = 0.138) allocation failure
    [48106:0x7f9b09900000]  3882122 ms: Mark-sweep 3619.5 (4129.2) -> 3579.6 (4128.4) MB, 3221.6 / 0.7 ms  (average mu = 0.372, current mu = 0.447) task scavenge might not succeed
    
    
    <--- JS stacktrace --->
    
    FATAL ERROR: Ineffective mark-compacts near heap limit Allocation failed - JavaScript heap out of memory
     1: 0x10610e065 node::Abort() (.cold.1) [/usr/local/opt/nvm/versions/node/v20.11.1/bin/node]
     2: 0x104dabc19 node::Abort() [/usr/local/opt/nvm/versions/node/v20.11.1/bin/node]
     3: 0x104dabd8f node::OnFatalError(char const*, char const*) [/usr/local/opt/nvm/versions/node/v20.11.1/bin/node]
     4: 0x104f29ef7 v8::Utils::ReportOOMFailure(v8::internal::Isolate*, char const*, bool) [/usr/local/opt/nvm/versions/node/v20.11.1/bin/node]
     5: 0x104f29e93 v8::internal::V8::FatalProcessOutOfMemory(v8::internal::Isolate*, char const*, bool) [/usr/local/opt/nvm/versions/node/v20.11.1/bin/node]
     6: 0x1050f8be5 v8::internal::Heap::FatalProcessOutOfMemory(char const*) [/usr/local/opt/nvm/versions/node/v20.11.1/bin/node]
     7: 0x1050fccb6 v8::internal::Heap::RecomputeLimits(v8::internal::GarbageCollector) [/usr/local/opt/nvm/versions/node/v20.11.1/bin/node]
     8: 0x1050f94f6 v8::internal::Heap::PerformGarbageCollection(v8::internal::GarbageCollector, v8::GCCallbackFlags) [/usr/local/opt/nvm/versions/node/v20.11.1/bin/node]
     9: 0x1050f6c4d v8::internal::Heap::CollectGarbage(v8::internal::AllocationSpace, v8::internal::GarbageCollectionReason, v8::GCCallbackFlags) [/usr/local/opt/nvm/versions/node/v20.11.1/bin/node]
    10: 0x105103dca v8::internal::Heap::AllocateRawWithLightRetrySlowPath(int, v8::internal::AllocationType, v8::internal::AllocationOrigin, v8::internal::AllocationAlignment) [/usr/local/opt/nvm/versions/node/v20.11.1/bin/node]
    11: 0x105103e51 v8::internal::Heap::AllocateRawWithRetryOrFailSlowPath(int, v8::internal::AllocationType, v8::internal::AllocationOrigin, v8::internal::AllocationAlignment) [/usr/local/opt/nvm/versions/node/v20.11.1/bin/node]
    12: 0x1050d425c v8::internal::Factory::NewFillerObject(int, bool, v8::internal::AllocationType, v8::internal::AllocationOrigin) [/usr/local/opt/nvm/versions/node/v20.11.1/bin/node]
    13: 0x10546fe0f v8::internal::Runtime_AllocateInYoungGeneration(int, unsigned long*, v8::internal::Isolate*) [/usr/local/opt/nvm/versions/node/v20.11.1/bin/node]
    14: 0x105839d19 Builtins_CEntry_Return1_DontSaveFPRegs_ArgvOnStack_NoBuiltinExit [/usr/local/opt/nvm/versions/node/v20.11.1/bin/node]
    Abort trap: 6
    

    Fix: increase Node.js memory limit to 8 GB:

    export NODE_OPTIONS="--max-old-space-size=8192"
    

Deployment

Deployments are implemented via hardhat-deploy plugin by Ronan Sandford.

Deployment scripts perform smart contracts deployment itself and their setup configuration. Executing a script may require several transactions to complete, which may fail. To help troubleshoot partially finished deployment, the scripts are designed to be rerunnable and execute only the transactions which were not executed in previous run(s).

Deployment scripts are located under deploy folder. Deployment execution state is saved under deployments folder.

To run fresh deployment (goerli):

  1. Delete deployments/goerli folder contents.

  2. Run the deployment of interest with the npx hardhat deploy command

    npx hardhat deploy --network goerli --tags v1_0
    

    where v1_0 specifies the deployment script(s) tag to run, and --network goerli specifies the network to run script for (see hardhat.config.js for network definitions).

  3. Verify source code on Etherscan with the npm run verify-goerli command

    npm run verify-goerli
    

To rerun the deployment script and continue partially completed script skip the first step (do not cleanup the deployments folder).

To upgrade the contract(s) (goerli):

  1. Delete the implementation deployment of the contract you wish to upgrade from the deployments/goerli folder

  2. Run the upgrade script of interest with the npx hardhat deploy command

    npx hardhat deploy --network goerli --tags upgrade-TokenFactoryV1
    

    where upgrade-TokenFactoryV1 specifies the upgrade script(s) tag to run, and --network goerli specifies the network to run script for (see hardhat.config.js for network definitions).

  3. Verify source code on Etherscan with the npm run verify-goerli command

    npm run verify-goerli
    

(c) 2024 AI Protocol

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