Create FreeBSD.md

docs/FreeBSD.md

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+In order to boot FreeBSD via PXE and use unattended install,
+you need the following:
+
+1. Extracted FreeBSD installation ISO exported via NFS.
+   You can download https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/releases/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/11.1/FreeBSD-11.1-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img
+   To verify its SHA512:
+   Download https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/releases/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/11.1/CHECKSUM.SHA512-FreeBSD-11.1-RELEASE-amd64
+   Run:
+   `sha512 -c f42b04c4db7b783bfb5758e5f32ebba2db2bd2d8f57e1153dd29ea71f3d758e9995c89017e2c230291b7a93d4d7b434a5c3d6a9e685431170707c146de2b4284 FreeBSD-11.1-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img`
+
+   To mount the image, run (example from FreeBSD):
+   `mount /dev/$(mdconfig -a -t vnode -f FreeBSD-11.1-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img)p3 /mnt`
+
+   Next, run:
+   `rsync -avvP /mnt/ /srv/tftp/images/freebsd/`
+2. Relevant entry in DHCP server config:
+  `option root-path "/srv/tftp/images/freebsd";`
+  `/srv/tftp/images/freebsd` is the path to the extracted ISO.
+
+3. Relevant entries in PXELINUX config:
+```
+label FreeBSD
+ menu label FreeBSD
+ pxe images/freebsd/boot/pxeboot
+```
+
+The path 'images/freebsd/boot/pxeboot' is relative to TFTP root directory.
+It's a path to the PXE loader in the extracted FreeBSD installation image.
+
+4. You only need this if you want to use unattended install mechanism.
+
+FreeBSD uses configuration file which needs to be located in
+`/etc/installerconfig` of the exported NFS filesystem.
+
+The configuration file has two sections:
+a) preambule - options with which the installations will be performed,
+b) setup script - a script that runs after the OS is installed, You can perform
+anything you need to run to customize the OS.
+
+Example of a script:
+```
+export ZFSBOOT_DISKS="da0"
+export nonInteractive="YES"
+DISTRIBUTIONS="kernel.txz kernel-dbg.txz base.txz base-dbg.txz doc.txz lib32.txz lib32-dbg.txz src.txz"
+
+#!/bin/sh
+cat << BOOT > /boot/loader.conf
+boot_multicons="YES"
+boot_serial="YES"
+comconsole_speed="115200"
+console="comconsole,vidconsole"
+kern.cam.boot_delay="10000"
+zfs_load="YES"
+amdtemp_load="YES"
+BOOT
+
+cat > /etc/rc.conf << RC_CONF
+hostname="3mdeb.dev"
+sshd_enable="YES"
+ntpd_enable="YES"
+ntpd_sync_on_start="YES"
+keymap=pl
+ifconfig_igb0="SYNCDHCP"
+zfs_enable="YES"
+RC_CONF
+
+/bin/cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Warsaw /etc/localtime
+/usr/bin/touch /etc/wall_cmos_clock
+/sbin/adjkerntz -a
+
+/sbin/dhclient igb0
+env PAGER=cat freebsd-update fetch install
+
+mkdir /home/emdeb
+cp /usr/share/skel/dot.cshrc /home/emdeb/.cshrc
+cp /usr/share/skel/dot.login /home/emdeb/.login
+cp /usr/share/skel/dot.login_conf /home/emdeb/.login_conf
+cp /usr/share/skel/dot.mail_aliases /home/emdeb/.mail_aliases
+cp /usr/share/skel/dot.mailrc /home/emdeb/.mailrc
+cp /usr/share/skel/dot.profile /home/emdeb/.profile
+cp /usr/share/skel/dot.rhosts /home/emdeb/.rhosts
+cp /usr/share/skel/dot.shrc /home/emdeb/.shrc
+chown -R 1000:1000 /home/emdeb
+
+reboot
+```
+
+This script installs FreeBSD on ZFS on da0 drive. It installs the whole base
+system with i386 compatibility libs and debug symbols in case you need to debug.
+
+After the installation, `/boot/loader.conf` is set up to allow serial console,
+load amdtemp(4) module to detect CPU temperature and ZFS module.
+In `/etc/rc.conf`, I set up hostname, enable SSH and NTPD daemons,
+set keymap to Polish, enable DHCP on igb0 NIC and enable ZFS.
+
+Next, I set up time zone, install updates and create user directory with necessary files.
+
+FreeBSD uses `/etc/passwd` and `/etc/master.passwd` files
+for easy text access to the user accounts data.
+It also has db(3)-format databases with user accounts.
+
+Those files have been precreated by me and `base.txz` set has been apriopriately modified.
+Login data are:
+Login: emdeb
+Password: 3mdeb.dev
+
+In order to modify base.txz to include the new account, one needs to:
+
+1.    Install FreeBSD (on VM, other PC etc.),
+2.    Add a new account (using adduser(8)),
+3.    Back up /etc/passwd, /etc/master.passwd, /etc/pwd.db, /etc/spwd.db files.
+4.    Extract the images/freebsd/usr/freebsd-dist/base.txz (path relative to
+    TFTP root).
+5.    Replace the files in /etc with the backed-up copies.
+6.    Compress the extracted files to base.txz and put it in
+7.    images/freebsd/usr/freebsd-dist/base.txz.
+8.    Make a new SHA256 hash of base.txz and put it in
+    images/freebsd/usr/freebsd-dist/MANIFEST (second column).