35 Prime Factorization using SPF.cpp

/**

Prime Factorization by finding smallest prime factor
----------------------------------------------------

Modify sieve to find SPF

Complexity : O(logN)

**/

/** Which of the favors of your Lord will you deny ? **/

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define LL long long
#define PII pair<int,int>
#define PLL pair<LL,LL>
#define MP make_pair
#define F first
#define S second
#define INF INT_MAX

#define ALL(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
#define DBG(x) cerr << __LINE__ << " says: " << #x << " = " << (x) << endl
#define READ        freopen("alu.txt", "r", stdin)
#define WRITE       freopen("vorta.txt", "w", stdout)

#include <ext/pb_ds/assoc_container.hpp>
#include <ext/pb_ds/tree_policy.hpp>
using namespace __gnu_pbds;

template<class TIn>using indexed_set = tree<TIn, null_type, less<TIn>,rb_tree_tag, tree_order_statistics_node_update>;

/**
PBDS
-------------------------------------------------
1) insert(value)
2) erase(value)
3) order_of_key(value) // 0 based indexing
4) *find_by_order(position) // 0 based indexing
**/

template<class T1, class T2>
ostream &operator <<(ostream &os, pair<T1,T2>&p);
template <class T>
ostream &operator <<(ostream &os, vector<T>&v);
template <class T>
ostream &operator <<(ostream &os, set<T>&v);

inline void optimizeIO()
{
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(NULL);
}

const int nmax = 2e5+7;
const LL LINF = 1e17;

template <class T>
string to_str(T x)
{
    stringstream ss;
    ss<<x;
    return ss.str();
}

//bool cmp(const PII &A,const PII &B)
//{
//
//}

/** Bit Sieve **/

const int pnmax = 1e7+7;
LL LIM;
bitset<pnmax> bs;   /// can sieve upto 1e8 in ~ 1 sec
int spf[pnmax];

void bit_sieve(LL upperbound)
{
    LIM = upperbound + 1;
    bs.set();                                     /// set all bits to 1
    bs[0] = bs[1] = 0;
    for (LL i = 2; i <= LIM; i++) /** If I don't want to know the primes , it is enough to loop upto sqrt(LIM) here **/
        if (bs[i])
        {
            for (LL j = i * i; j <= LIM; j += i)
                bs[j] = 0 , spf[j] = i;
            spf[i] = i;
        }
}

/** Prime Factorization **/

vector<LL> primeFactors(LL N)
{
    vector<LL>factors;

    while(N>1)
    {
        LL sml = spf[N];

        while(N%sml==0)
        {
            factors.push_back(sml);
            N/=sml;
        }
    }

    return factors;
}

int main()
{
    optimizeIO();

    bit_sieve(1e6);

    while(1)
    {
        LL x;
        cin>>x;
        vector<LL>pf = primeFactors(x);
        cout<<pf<<endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

/**
**/

template<class T1, class T2>
ostream &operator <<(ostream &os, pair<T1,T2>&p)
{
    os<<"{"<<p.first<<", "<<p.second<<"} ";
    return os;
}
template <class T>
ostream &operator <<(ostream &os, vector<T>&v)
{
    os<<"[ ";
    for(int i=0; i<v.size(); i++)
    {
        os<<v[i]<<" " ;
    }
    os<<" ]";
    return os;
}

template <class T>
ostream &operator <<(ostream &os, set<T>&v)
{
    os<<"[ ";
    for(T i:v)
    {
        os<<i<<" ";
    }
    os<<" ]";
    return os;
}