https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/implement-trie-prefix-tree/
实现一个 Trie (前缀树),包含 insert, search, 和 startsWith 这三个操作。
示例:
Trie trie = new Trie();
trie.insert("apple");
trie.search("apple"); // 返回 true
trie.search("app"); // 返回 false
trie.startsWith("app"); // 返回 true
trie.insert("app");
trie.search("app"); // 返回 true
说明:
你可以假设所有的输入都是由小写字母 a-z 构成的。
保证所有输入均为非空字符串。
- 阿里
- 腾讯
- 百度
- 字节
这是一道很直接的题目,上来就让你实现前缀树(字典树)
。这算是基础数据结构中的
知识了,不清楚什么是字典树的可以查阅相关资料。
我们看到题目给出的使用方法new Trie
, insert
,search
和startWith
.
为了区分search
和startWith
我们需要增加一个标示来区分当前节点是否是某个单词的结尾。
因此节点的数据结构应该是:
function TrieNode(val) {
this.val = val; // 当前的字母
this.children = []; // 题目要求字典仅有a-z,那么其长度最大为26(26个字母)
this.isWord = false;
}
每次 insert 我们其实都是从根节点出发,一个一个找到我们需要添加的节点,修改 children 的值.
我们应该修改哪一个 child 呢? 我们需要一个函数来计算索引
function computeIndex(c) {
return c.charCodeAt(0) - "a".charCodeAt(0);
}
其实不管 insert, search 和 startWith 的逻辑都是差不多的,都是从 root 出发, 找到我们需要操作的 child, 然后进行相应操作(添加,修改,返回)。
- 前缀树
/*
* @lc app=leetcode id=208 lang=javascript
*
* [208] Implement Trie (Prefix Tree)
*
* https://leetcode.com/problems/implement-trie-prefix-tree/description/
*
* algorithms
* Medium (36.93%)
* Total Accepted: 172K
* Total Submissions: 455.5K
* Testcase Example: '["Trie","insert","search","search","startsWith","insert","search"]\n[[],["apple"],["apple"],["app"],["app"],["app"],["app"]]'
*
* Implement a trie with insert, search, and startsWith methods.
*
* Example:
*
*
* Trie trie = new Trie();
*
* trie.insert("apple");
* trie.search("apple"); // returns true
* trie.search("app"); // returns false
* trie.startsWith("app"); // returns true
* trie.insert("app");
* trie.search("app"); // returns true
*
*
* Note:
*
*
* You may assume that all inputs are consist of lowercase letters a-z.
* All inputs are guaranteed to be non-empty strings.
*
*
*/
function TrieNode(val) {
this.val = val;
this.children = [];
this.isWord = false;
}
function computeIndex(c) {
return c.charCodeAt(0) - "a".charCodeAt(0);
}
/**
* Initialize your data structure here.
*/
var Trie = function () {
this.root = new TrieNode(null);
};
/**
* Inserts a word into the trie.
* @param {string} word
* @return {void}
*/
Trie.prototype.insert = function (word) {
let ws = this.root;
for (let i = 0; i < word.length; i++) {
const c = word[i];
const current = computeIndex(c);
if (!ws.children[current]) {
ws.children[current] = new TrieNode(c);
}
ws = ws.children[current];
}
ws.isWord = true;
};
/**
* Returns if the word is in the trie.
* @param {string} word
* @return {boolean}
*/
Trie.prototype.search = function (word) {
let ws = this.root;
for (let i = 0; i < word.length; i++) {
const c = word[i];
const current = computeIndex(c);
if (!ws.children[current]) return false;
ws = ws.children[current];
}
return ws.isWord;
};
/**
* Returns if there is any word in the trie that starts with the given prefix.
* @param {string} prefix
* @return {boolean}
*/
Trie.prototype.startsWith = function (prefix) {
let ws = this.root;
for (let i = 0; i < prefix.length; i++) {
const c = prefix[i];
const current = computeIndex(c);
if (!ws.children[current]) return false;
ws = ws.children[current];
}
return true;
};
/**
* Your Trie object will be instantiated and called as such:
* var obj = new Trie()
* obj.insert(word)
* var param_2 = obj.search(word)
* var param_3 = obj.startsWith(prefix)
*/