diff --git a/.github/actions/check_artifact_size/action.yaml b/.github/actions/check_artifact_size/action.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f7395bea675f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/actions/check_artifact_size/action.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+name: Check Artifact Size
+description: Check if the increase in artifact size exceeds the threshold, and if so, apply a label to the pull request.
+inputs:
+  workflow:
+    description: "Workflow to check artifact binary size for."
+    required: true
+  name:
+    description: "Name of the uploaded artifact, artifact is a zip file that can contain more than one binary"
+    required: true
+  path:
+    description: "Path to the newly created binary artifacts being checked."
+    required: true
+  thresholds:
+    description: "Thresholds is a JSON-formatted string that specifies the maximum permissible percentage increase in the size of each respective binary artifact."
+    required: true
+  token:
+    description: "Github token needed for downloading artifacts."
+    required: true
+runs:
+  using: "composite"
+  steps:
+      - name: 'Download artifact from main branch'
+        id: download-artifact
+        uses: actions/github-script@v6
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{inputs.token}}
+          script: |
+            const fs = require('fs');
+            const path = require('path');
+
+            // Get the latest successful workflow run on the main branch.
+            const workflowRuns = await github.rest.actions.listWorkflowRuns({
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              workflow_id: '${{ inputs.workflow }}.yaml',
+              branch: 'main',
+              status: 'success',
+              per_page: 1
+            });
+
+            const latestRun = workflowRuns.data.workflow_runs[0].id;
+
+            // Get the artifact uploaded on the latest successful workflow run on the main branch.
+            const allArtifacts = await github.rest.actions.listWorkflowRunArtifacts({
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              run_id: latestRun
+            });
+
+            const matchArtifacts = allArtifacts.data.artifacts.filter((artifact) => {
+              return artifact.name == '${{ inputs.name }}';
+            });
+
+            if (matchArtifacts.length == 1) {
+              console.log(`Found the latest uploaded artifact ${{ inputs.name }} on the main branch.`);
+
+              const download = await github.rest.actions.downloadArtifact({
+                owner: context.repo.owner,
+                repo: context.repo.repo,
+                artifact_id: matchArtifacts[0].id,
+                archive_format: 'zip',
+              });
+
+              const downloadDir = path.join(process.env.GITHUB_WORKSPACE, 'artifact_tmp');
+              fs.mkdirSync(downloadDir);
+              fs.writeFileSync(path.join(downloadDir, `${{ inputs.name }}.zip`), Buffer.from(download.data));
+
+              core.setOutput("downloadDir", downloadDir);
+            } else {
+              core.setFailed(`Expected one artifact with name ${{ inputs.name }}. Found ${matchArtifacts.length}.`);
+            }
+
+      - name: 'Unzip artifact from main branch'
+        id: unzip-downloaded-artifact
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          unzip "${{ steps.download-artifact.outputs.downloadDir }}/${{ inputs.name }}.zip" -d "${{ steps.download-artifact.outputs.downloadDir }}"
+
+      - name: 'Check new artifact size against main branch'
+        id: check-artifact-size
+        uses: actions/github-script@v6
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const fs = require('fs');
+            const path = require('path');
+
+            const fileSizeThresholds = JSON.parse('${{ inputs.thresholds }}');
+
+            for (let file in fileSizeThresholds) {
+              console.log(`Checking file size of ${file}.`);
+
+              const downloadFilePath = path.join('${{ steps.download-artifact.outputs.downloadDir }}', file);
+              if (!fs.existsSync(downloadFilePath)) {
+                console.error(`File ${file} was not uploaded to the main branch.`);
+                continue;
+              }
+
+              const filePath = path.join(process.env.GITHUB_WORKSPACE, '${{ inputs.path }}', file);
+              if (!fs.existsSync(filePath)) {
+                console.error(`File ${filePath} was not created in the current workflow run.`);
+                continue;
+              }
+
+              const oldStats = fs.statSync(downloadFilePath);
+              const oldSize = oldStats.size;
+              const newStats = fs.statSync(filePath);
+              const newSize = newStats.size;
+
+              console.log(`Latest uploaded artifact size on the main branch is ${oldSize / 1024}kB, new artifact size generated in this PR is ${newSize / 1024}kB.`);
+
+              const deltaSize = newSize - oldSize;
+              const deltaThreshold = (Math.abs(deltaSize) / oldSize * 100).toFixed(4);
+
+              if (deltaSize < 0) {
+                console.log(`Artifact size is decreased by ${Math.abs(deltaSize)} (${deltaThreshold}%).`);
+              } else {
+                console.log(`Artifact size is increased by ${deltaSize} (${deltaThreshold}%).`);
+                if (deltaThreshold > fileSizeThresholds[file]) {
+                  const threshold = (fileSizeThresholds[file] * 100).toFixed(4);
+                  console.error(`Artifact size increase exceeds threshold ${threshold}%.`);
+                  core.setOutput("addLabel", true);
+                }
+              }
+            }
+      - name: 'Remove downloaded artifact'
+        id: remove-downloaded-artifact
+        shell: bash
+        run: rm -r "${{ steps.download-artifact.outputs.downloadDir }}"
+      - name: 'Add label for artifact size increase violation'
+        id: add-label
+        if: |
+          steps.check-artifact-size.outputs.addLabel &&
+          github.event.pull_request.merged == true &&
+          github.event.pull_request.merge_commit_sha != null
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          curl -s -X POST -H "Authorization: token ${{ inputs.token }}" \
+            -H "Accept: application/vnd.github.v3+json" \
+            -d '["artifact size increase violation"]' \
+            "https://api.github.com/repos/${{ github.event.repository.full_name }}/issues/${{ github.event.number }}/labels"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/evergreen.yaml b/.github/workflows/evergreen.yaml
index b9ca62af2a67..f299a90a87f4 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/evergreen.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/evergreen.yaml
@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@ jobs:
       platform: evergreen-x64
       nightly: ${{ github.event.inputs.nightly }}
       run_api_leak_detector: true
-      keep_artifacts: libcobalt.*
+      keep_artifacts: install/lib/libcobalt.*
+      artifact_size_increase_thresholds: '{"install/lib/libcobalt.so": 0.02, "install/lib/libcobalt.lz4": 0.02}'
   evergreen-arm-hardfp:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/main.yaml
     permissions:
@@ -41,7 +42,8 @@ jobs:
       platform: evergreen-arm-hardfp
       nightly: ${{ github.event.inputs.nightly }}
       run_api_leak_detector: true
-      keep_artifacts: libcobalt.*
+      keep_artifacts: install/lib/libcobalt.*
+      artifact_size_increase_thresholds: '{"install/lib/libcobalt.so": 0.02, "install/lib/libcobalt.lz4": 0.02}'
   evergreen-arm-softfp:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/main.yaml
     permissions:
@@ -51,7 +53,8 @@ jobs:
       platform: evergreen-arm-softfp
       nightly: ${{ github.event.inputs.nightly }}
       run_api_leak_detector: true
-      keep_artifacts: libcobalt.*
+      keep_artifacts: install/lib/libcobalt.*
+      artifact_size_increase_thresholds: '{"install/lib/libcobalt.so": 0.02, "install/lib/libcobalt.lz4": 0.02}'
   evergreen-arm64:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/main.yaml
     permissions:
@@ -61,4 +64,5 @@ jobs:
       platform: evergreen-arm64
       nightly: ${{ github.event.inputs.nightly }}
       run_api_leak_detector: true
-      keep_artifacts: libcobalt.*
+      keep_artifacts: install/lib/libcobalt.*
+      artifact_size_increase_thresholds: '{"install/lib/libcobalt.so": 0.02, "install/lib/libcobalt.lz4": 0.02}'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/main.yaml b/.github/workflows/main.yaml
index 6f118069f965..2ff636b76ebe 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/main.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/main.yaml
@@ -30,10 +30,15 @@ on:
         type: boolean
         default: false
       keep_artifacts:
-        description: 'Which artifacts to keep for releases'
+        description: 'Which artifacts to keep for releases.'
         required: false
         type: string
         default: ''
+      artifact_size_increase_thresholds:
+        description: 'Threshold for artifact binary size increase.'
+        required: false
+        type: string
+        default: ""
 
 # Global env vars.
 env:
@@ -257,6 +262,16 @@ jobs:
         uses: ./.github/actions/gn
       - name: Build Cobalt
         uses: ./.github/actions/build
+      - name: 'Check Artifact Size'
+        uses: ./.github/actions/check_artifact_size
+        if: ${{ inputs.artifact_size_increase_thresholds }}
+        continue-on-error: true  # Ignore this step if check artifact size failed.
+        with:
+          workflow: ${{ github.workflow }}
+          name: ${{ matrix.platform }}-${{ matrix.config }}
+          path: out/${{ matrix.target_platform }}_${{ matrix.config }}
+          thresholds: ${{ inputs.artifact_size_increase_thresholds }}
+          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: 'Upload Artifact'
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         if: ${{ inputs.keep_artifacts }}