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gc.c
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/**********************************************************************
gc.c -
$Author: akr $
$Date: 2007-12-21 15:16:56 +0900 (Fri, 21 Dec 2007) $
created at: Tue Oct 5 09:44:46 JST 1993
Copyright (C) 1993-2007 Yukihiro Matsumoto
Copyright (C) 2000 Network Applied Communication Laboratory, Inc.
Copyright (C) 2000 Information-technology Promotion Agency, Japan
**********************************************************************/
#include "ruby/ruby.h"
#include "ruby/signal.h"
#include "ruby/st.h"
#include "ruby/node.h"
#include "ruby/re.h"
#include "ruby/io.h"
#include "vm_core.h"
#include "gc.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
#include <sys/time.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H
#include <sys/resource.h>
#endif
#if defined _WIN32 || defined __CYGWIN__
#include <windows.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_VALGRIND_MEMCHECK_H
# include <valgrind/memcheck.h>
# ifndef VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_DEFINED
# define VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_DEFINED(p, n) VALGRIND_MAKE_READABLE(p, n)
# endif
# ifndef VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_UNDEFINED
# define VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_UNDEFINED(p, n) VALGRIND_MAKE_WRITABLE(p, n)
# endif
#else
# define VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_DEFINED(p, n) /* empty */
# define VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_UNDEFINED(p, n) /* empty */
#endif
int rb_io_fptr_finalize(struct rb_io_t*);
#if !defined(setjmp) && defined(HAVE__SETJMP)
#define setjmp(env) _setjmp(env)
#endif
/* Make alloca work the best possible way. */
#ifdef __GNUC__
# ifndef atarist
# ifndef alloca
# define alloca __builtin_alloca
# endif
# endif /* atarist */
#else
# ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA_H
# include <alloca.h>
# else
# ifdef _AIX
#pragma alloca
# else
# ifndef alloca /* predefined by HP cc +Olibcalls */
void *alloca ();
# endif
# endif /* AIX */
# endif /* HAVE_ALLOCA_H */
#endif /* __GNUC__ */
#ifndef GC_MALLOC_LIMIT
#if defined(MSDOS) || defined(__human68k__)
#define GC_MALLOC_LIMIT 200000
#else
#define GC_MALLOC_LIMIT 8000000
#endif
#endif
static unsigned long malloc_increase = 0;
static unsigned long malloc_limit = GC_MALLOC_LIMIT;
static VALUE nomem_error;
static int dont_gc;
static int during_gc;
static int need_call_final = 0;
static st_table *finalizer_table = 0;
#define MARK_STACK_MAX 1024
static VALUE mark_stack[MARK_STACK_MAX];
static VALUE *mark_stack_ptr;
static int mark_stack_overflow;
int ruby_gc_debug_indent = 0;
#undef GC_DEBUG
#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
#pragma pack(push, 1) /* magic for reducing sizeof(RVALUE): 24 -> 20 */
#endif
typedef struct RVALUE {
union {
struct {
VALUE flags; /* always 0 for freed obj */
struct RVALUE *next;
} free;
struct RBasic basic;
struct RObject object;
struct RClass klass;
struct RFloat flonum;
struct RString string;
struct RArray array;
struct RRegexp regexp;
struct RHash hash;
struct RData data;
struct RStruct rstruct;
struct RBignum bignum;
struct RFile file;
struct RNode node;
struct RMatch match;
} as;
#ifdef GC_DEBUG
char *file;
int line;
#endif
} RVALUE;
#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
#pragma pack(pop)
#endif
static RVALUE *freelist = 0;
static RVALUE *deferred_final_list = 0;
#define HEAPS_INCREMENT 10
static struct heaps_slot {
void *membase;
RVALUE *slot;
int limit;
} *heaps;
static int heaps_length = 0;
static int heaps_used = 0;
#define HEAP_MIN_SLOTS 10000
static int heap_slots = HEAP_MIN_SLOTS;
#define FREE_MIN 4096
static RVALUE *himem, *lomem;
extern st_table *rb_class_tbl;
VALUE *rb_gc_stack_start = 0;
#ifdef __ia64
VALUE *rb_gc_register_stack_start = 0;
#endif
int ruby_gc_stress = 0;
#ifdef DJGPP
/* set stack size (http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/v2faq/faq15_9.html) */
unsigned int _stklen = 0x180000; /* 1.5 kB */
#endif
#if defined(DJGPP) || defined(_WIN32_WCE)
size_t rb_gc_stack_maxsize = 65535*sizeof(VALUE);
#else
size_t rb_gc_stack_maxsize = 655300*sizeof(VALUE);
#endif
static void run_final(VALUE obj);
static int garbage_collect(void);
void
rb_global_variable(VALUE *var)
{
rb_gc_register_address(var);
}
void
rb_memerror(void)
{
static int recurse = 0;
if (!nomem_error || (recurse > 0 && rb_safe_level() < 4)) {
fprintf(stderr, "[FATAL] failed to allocate memory\n");
exit(1);
}
recurse++;
rb_exc_raise(nomem_error);
}
/*
* call-seq:
* GC.stress => true or false
*
* returns current status of GC stress mode.
*/
static VALUE
gc_stress_get(VALUE self)
{
return ruby_gc_stress ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
}
/*
* call-seq:
* GC.stress = bool => bool
*
* updates GC stress mode.
*
* When GC.stress = true, GC is invoked for all GC opportunity:
* all memory and object allocation.
*
* Since it makes Ruby very slow, it is only for debugging.
*/
static VALUE
gc_stress_set(VALUE self, VALUE bool)
{
rb_secure(2);
ruby_gc_stress = RTEST(bool);
return bool;
}
void *
ruby_xmalloc(size_t size)
{
void *mem;
if (size < 0) {
rb_raise(rb_eNoMemError, "negative allocation size (or too big)");
}
if (size == 0) size = 1;
malloc_increase += size;
if (ruby_gc_stress || malloc_increase > malloc_limit) {
garbage_collect();
}
RUBY_CRITICAL(mem = malloc(size));
if (!mem) {
if (garbage_collect()) {
RUBY_CRITICAL(mem = malloc(size));
}
if (!mem) {
rb_memerror();
}
}
return mem;
}
void *
ruby_xmalloc2(size_t n, size_t size)
{
long len = size * n;
if (n != 0 && size != len / n) {
rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "malloc: possible integer overflow");
}
return ruby_xmalloc(len);
}
void *
ruby_xcalloc(size_t n, size_t size)
{
void *mem;
mem = ruby_xmalloc2(n, size);
memset(mem, 0, n * size);
return mem;
}
void *
ruby_xrealloc(void *ptr, size_t size)
{
void *mem;
if (size < 0) {
rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "negative re-allocation size");
}
if (!ptr) return ruby_xmalloc(size);
if (size == 0) size = 1;
malloc_increase += size;
if (ruby_gc_stress) garbage_collect();
RUBY_CRITICAL(mem = realloc(ptr, size));
if (!mem) {
if (garbage_collect()) {
RUBY_CRITICAL(mem = realloc(ptr, size));
}
if (!mem) {
rb_memerror();
}
}
return mem;
}
void *
ruby_xrealloc2(void *ptr, size_t n, size_t size)
{
size_t len = size * n;
if (n != 0 && size != len / n) {
rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "realloc: possible integer overflow");
}
return ruby_xrealloc(ptr, len);
}
void
ruby_xfree(void *x)
{
if (x)
RUBY_CRITICAL(free(x));
}
/*
* call-seq:
* GC.enable => true or false
*
* Enables garbage collection, returning <code>true</code> if garbage
* collection was previously disabled.
*
* GC.disable #=> false
* GC.enable #=> true
* GC.enable #=> false
*
*/
VALUE
rb_gc_enable(void)
{
int old = dont_gc;
dont_gc = Qfalse;
return old;
}
/*
* call-seq:
* GC.disable => true or false
*
* Disables garbage collection, returning <code>true</code> if garbage
* collection was already disabled.
*
* GC.disable #=> false
* GC.disable #=> true
*
*/
VALUE
rb_gc_disable(void)
{
int old = dont_gc;
dont_gc = Qtrue;
return old;
}
VALUE rb_mGC;
static struct gc_list {
VALUE *varptr;
struct gc_list *next;
} *global_List = 0;
void
rb_gc_register_address(VALUE *addr)
{
struct gc_list *tmp;
tmp = ALLOC(struct gc_list);
tmp->next = global_List;
tmp->varptr = addr;
global_List = tmp;
}
void
rb_register_mark_object(VALUE obj)
{
VALUE ary = GET_THREAD()->vm->mark_object_ary;
rb_ary_push(ary, obj);
}
void
rb_gc_unregister_address(VALUE *addr)
{
struct gc_list *tmp = global_List;
if (tmp->varptr == addr) {
global_List = tmp->next;
RUBY_CRITICAL(free(tmp));
return;
}
while (tmp->next) {
if (tmp->next->varptr == addr) {
struct gc_list *t = tmp->next;
tmp->next = tmp->next->next;
RUBY_CRITICAL(free(t));
break;
}
tmp = tmp->next;
}
}
static void
add_heap(void)
{
RVALUE *p, *pend;
if (heaps_used == heaps_length) {
/* Realloc heaps */
struct heaps_slot *p;
int length;
heaps_length += HEAPS_INCREMENT;
length = heaps_length*sizeof(struct heaps_slot);
RUBY_CRITICAL(
if (heaps_used > 0) {
p = (struct heaps_slot *)realloc(heaps, length);
if (p) heaps = p;
}
else {
p = heaps = (struct heaps_slot *)malloc(length);
});
if (p == 0) rb_memerror();
}
for (;;) {
RUBY_CRITICAL(p = (RVALUE*)malloc(sizeof(RVALUE)*(heap_slots+1)));
if (p == 0) {
if (heap_slots == HEAP_MIN_SLOTS) {
rb_memerror();
}
heap_slots = HEAP_MIN_SLOTS;
continue;
}
heaps[heaps_used].membase = p;
if ((VALUE)p % sizeof(RVALUE) == 0)
heap_slots += 1;
else
p = (RVALUE*)((VALUE)p + sizeof(RVALUE) - ((VALUE)p % sizeof(RVALUE)));
heaps[heaps_used].slot = p;
heaps[heaps_used].limit = heap_slots;
break;
}
pend = p + heap_slots;
if (lomem == 0 || lomem > p) lomem = p;
if (himem < pend) himem = pend;
heaps_used++;
heap_slots *= 1.8;
while (p < pend) {
p->as.free.flags = 0;
p->as.free.next = freelist;
freelist = p;
p++;
}
}
#define RANY(o) ((RVALUE*)(o))
static VALUE
rb_newobj_from_heap(void)
{
VALUE obj;
if (ruby_gc_stress || !freelist) {
if(!garbage_collect()) {
rb_memerror();
}
}
obj = (VALUE)freelist;
freelist = freelist->as.free.next;
MEMZERO((void*)obj, RVALUE, 1);
#ifdef GC_DEBUG
RANY(obj)->file = rb_sourcefile();
RANY(obj)->line = rb_sourceline();
#endif
return obj;
}
#if USE_VALUE_CACHE
static VALUE
rb_fill_value_cache(rb_thread_t *th)
{
int i;
VALUE rv;
/* LOCK */
for (i=0; i<RUBY_VM_VALUE_CACHE_SIZE; i++) {
VALUE v = rb_newobj_from_heap();
th->value_cache[i] = v;
RBASIC(v)->flags = FL_MARK;
}
th->value_cache_ptr = &th->value_cache[0];
rv = rb_newobj_from_heap();
/* UNLOCK */
return rv;
}
#endif
VALUE
rb_newobj(void)
{
#if USE_VALUE_CACHE
rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
VALUE v = *th->value_cache_ptr;
if (v) {
RBASIC(v)->flags = 0;
th->value_cache_ptr++;
}
else {
v = rb_fill_value_cache(th);
}
#if defined(GC_DEBUG)
printf("cache index: %d, v: %p, th: %p\n",
th->value_cache_ptr - th->value_cache, v, th);
#endif
return v;
#else
return rb_newobj_from_heap();
#endif
}
NODE*
rb_node_newnode(enum node_type type, VALUE a0, VALUE a1, VALUE a2)
{
NODE *n = (NODE*)rb_newobj();
n->flags |= T_NODE;
nd_set_type(n, type);
n->u1.value = a0;
n->u2.value = a1;
n->u3.value = a2;
return n;
}
VALUE
rb_data_object_alloc(VALUE klass, void *datap, RUBY_DATA_FUNC dmark, RUBY_DATA_FUNC dfree)
{
NEWOBJ(data, struct RData);
if (klass) Check_Type(klass, T_CLASS);
OBJSETUP(data, klass, T_DATA);
data->data = datap;
data->dfree = dfree;
data->dmark = dmark;
return (VALUE)data;
}
#ifdef __ia64
#define SET_STACK_END (SET_MACHINE_STACK_END(&th->machine_stack_end), th->machine_register_stack_end = rb_ia64_bsp())
#else
#define SET_STACK_END SET_MACHINE_STACK_END(&th->machine_stack_end)
#endif
#define STACK_START (th->machine_stack_start)
#define STACK_END (th->machine_stack_end)
#define STACK_LEVEL_MAX (th->machine_stack_maxsize/sizeof(VALUE))
#if defined(sparc) || defined(__sparc__)
# define STACK_LENGTH (STACK_START - STACK_END + 0x80)
#elif STACK_GROW_DIRECTION < 0
# define STACK_LENGTH (STACK_START - STACK_END)
#elif STACK_GROW_DIRECTION > 0
# define STACK_LENGTH (STACK_END - STACK_START + 1)
#else
# define STACK_LENGTH ((STACK_END < STACK_START) ? STACK_START - STACK_END\
: STACK_END - STACK_START + 1)
#endif
#if STACK_GROW_DIRECTION > 0
# define STACK_UPPER(x, a, b) a
#elif STACK_GROW_DIRECTION < 0
# define STACK_UPPER(x, a, b) b
#else
static int grow_direction;
static int
stack_grow_direction(VALUE *addr)
{
rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
SET_STACK_END;
if (STACK_END > addr) return grow_direction = 1;
return grow_direction = -1;
}
# define stack_growup_p(x) ((grow_direction ? grow_direction : stack_grow_direction(x)) > 0)
# define STACK_UPPER(x, a, b) (stack_growup_p(x) ? a : b)
#endif
#define GC_WATER_MARK 512
int
ruby_stack_length(VALUE **p)
{
rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
SET_STACK_END;
if (p) *p = STACK_UPPER(STACK_END, STACK_START, STACK_END);
return STACK_LENGTH;
}
int
ruby_stack_check(void)
{
int ret;
rb_thread_t *th = GET_THREAD();
SET_STACK_END;
ret = STACK_LENGTH > STACK_LEVEL_MAX + GC_WATER_MARK;
#ifdef __ia64
if (!ret) {
ret = (VALUE*)rb_ia64_bsp() - th->machine_register_stack_start >
th->machine_register_stack_maxsize/sizeof(VALUE) + GC_WATER_MARK;
}
#endif
return ret;
}
static void
init_mark_stack(void)
{
mark_stack_overflow = 0;
mark_stack_ptr = mark_stack;
}
#define MARK_STACK_EMPTY (mark_stack_ptr == mark_stack)
static st_table *source_filenames;
char *
rb_source_filename(const char *f)
{
st_data_t name;
if (!st_lookup(source_filenames, (st_data_t)f, &name)) {
long len = strlen(f) + 1;
char *ptr = ALLOC_N(char, len + 1);
name = (st_data_t)ptr;
*ptr++ = 0;
MEMCPY(ptr, f, char, len);
st_add_direct(source_filenames, (st_data_t)ptr, name);
return ptr;
}
return (char *)name + 1;
}
void
rb_mark_source_filename(char *f)
{
if (f) {
f[-1] = 1;
}
}
static int
sweep_source_filename(char *key, char *value)
{
if (*value) {
*value = 0;
return ST_CONTINUE;
}
else {
free(value);
return ST_DELETE;
}
}
static void gc_mark(VALUE ptr, int lev);
static void gc_mark_children(VALUE ptr, int lev);
static void
gc_mark_all(void)
{
RVALUE *p, *pend;
int i;
init_mark_stack();
for (i = 0; i < heaps_used; i++) {
p = heaps[i].slot; pend = p + heaps[i].limit;
while (p < pend) {
if ((p->as.basic.flags & FL_MARK) &&
(p->as.basic.flags != FL_MARK)) {
gc_mark_children((VALUE)p, 0);
}
p++;
}
}
}
static void
gc_mark_rest(void)
{
VALUE tmp_arry[MARK_STACK_MAX];
VALUE *p;
p = (mark_stack_ptr - mark_stack) + tmp_arry;
MEMCPY(tmp_arry, mark_stack, VALUE, p - tmp_arry);
init_mark_stack();
while (p != tmp_arry) {
p--;
gc_mark_children(*p, 0);
}
}
static inline int
is_pointer_to_heap(void *ptr)
{
register RVALUE *p = RANY(ptr);
register RVALUE *heap_org;
register long i;
if (p < lomem || p > himem) return Qfalse;
if ((VALUE)p % sizeof(RVALUE) != 0) return Qfalse;
/* check if p looks like a pointer */
for (i=0; i < heaps_used; i++) {
heap_org = heaps[i].slot;
if (heap_org <= p && p < heap_org + heaps[i].limit)
return Qtrue;
}
return Qfalse;
}
static void
mark_locations_array(register VALUE *x, register long n)
{
VALUE v;
while (n--) {
v = *x;
VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_DEFINED(&v, sizeof(v));
if (is_pointer_to_heap((void *)v)) {
gc_mark(v, 0);
}
x++;
}
}
void
rb_gc_mark_locations(VALUE *start, VALUE *end)
{
long n;
n = end - start;
mark_locations_array(start,n);
}
static int
mark_entry(ID key, VALUE value, int lev)
{
gc_mark(value, lev);
return ST_CONTINUE;
}
static void
mark_tbl(st_table *tbl, int lev)
{
if (!tbl) return;
st_foreach(tbl, mark_entry, lev);
}
void
rb_mark_tbl(st_table *tbl)
{
mark_tbl(tbl, 0);
}
static int
mark_key(VALUE key, VALUE value, int lev)
{
gc_mark(key, lev);
return ST_CONTINUE;
}
static void
mark_set(st_table *tbl, int lev)
{
if (!tbl) return;
st_foreach(tbl, mark_key, lev);
}
void
rb_mark_set(st_table *tbl)
{
mark_set(tbl, 0);
}
static int
mark_keyvalue(VALUE key, VALUE value, int lev)
{
gc_mark(key, lev);
gc_mark(value, lev);
return ST_CONTINUE;
}
static void
mark_hash(st_table *tbl, int lev)
{
if (!tbl) return;
st_foreach(tbl, mark_keyvalue, lev);
}
void
rb_mark_hash(st_table *tbl)
{
mark_hash(tbl, 0);
}
void
rb_gc_mark_maybe(VALUE obj)
{
if (is_pointer_to_heap((void *)obj)) {
gc_mark(obj, 0);
}
}
#define GC_LEVEL_MAX 250
static void
gc_mark(VALUE ptr, int lev)
{
register RVALUE *obj;
obj = RANY(ptr);
if (rb_special_const_p(ptr)) return; /* special const not marked */
if (obj->as.basic.flags == 0) return; /* free cell */
if (obj->as.basic.flags & FL_MARK) return; /* already marked */
obj->as.basic.flags |= FL_MARK;
if (lev > GC_LEVEL_MAX || (lev == 0 && ruby_stack_check())) {
if (!mark_stack_overflow) {
if (mark_stack_ptr - mark_stack < MARK_STACK_MAX) {
*mark_stack_ptr = ptr;
mark_stack_ptr++;
}
else {
mark_stack_overflow = 1;
}
}
return;
}
gc_mark_children(ptr, lev+1);
}
void
rb_gc_mark(VALUE ptr)
{
gc_mark(ptr, 0);
}
static void
gc_mark_children(VALUE ptr, int lev)
{
register RVALUE *obj = RANY(ptr);
goto marking; /* skip */
again:
obj = RANY(ptr);
if (rb_special_const_p(ptr)) return; /* special const not marked */
if (obj->as.basic.flags == 0) return; /* free cell */
if (obj->as.basic.flags & FL_MARK) return; /* already marked */
obj->as.basic.flags |= FL_MARK;
marking:
if (FL_TEST(obj, FL_EXIVAR)) {
rb_mark_generic_ivar(ptr);
}
switch (obj->as.basic.flags & T_MASK) {
case T_NIL:
case T_FIXNUM:
rb_bug("rb_gc_mark() called for broken object");
break;
case T_NODE:
rb_mark_source_filename(obj->as.node.nd_file);
switch (nd_type(obj)) {
case NODE_IF: /* 1,2,3 */
case NODE_FOR:
case NODE_ITER:
case NODE_WHEN:
case NODE_MASGN:
case NODE_RESCUE:
case NODE_RESBODY:
case NODE_CLASS:
case NODE_BLOCK_PASS:
gc_mark((VALUE)obj->as.node.u2.node, lev);
/* fall through */
case NODE_BLOCK: /* 1,3 */
case NODE_OPTBLOCK:
case NODE_ARRAY:
case NODE_DSTR:
case NODE_DXSTR:
case NODE_DREGX:
case NODE_DREGX_ONCE:
case NODE_ENSURE:
case NODE_CALL:
case NODE_DEFS:
case NODE_OP_ASGN1:
case NODE_ARGS:
gc_mark((VALUE)obj->as.node.u1.node, lev);
/* fall through */
case NODE_SUPER: /* 3 */
case NODE_FCALL:
case NODE_DEFN:
case NODE_ARGS_AUX:
ptr = (VALUE)obj->as.node.u3.node;
goto again;
case NODE_METHOD: /* 1,2 */
case NODE_WHILE:
case NODE_UNTIL:
case NODE_AND:
case NODE_OR:
case NODE_CASE:
case NODE_SCLASS:
case NODE_DOT2:
case NODE_DOT3:
case NODE_FLIP2:
case NODE_FLIP3:
case NODE_MATCH2:
case NODE_MATCH3:
case NODE_OP_ASGN_OR:
case NODE_OP_ASGN_AND:
case NODE_MODULE:
case NODE_ALIAS:
case NODE_VALIAS:
case NODE_ARGSCAT:
gc_mark((VALUE)obj->as.node.u1.node, lev);
/* fall through */
case NODE_FBODY: /* 2 */
case NODE_GASGN:
case NODE_LASGN:
case NODE_DASGN:
case NODE_DASGN_CURR:
case NODE_IASGN:
case NODE_IASGN2:
case NODE_CVASGN:
case NODE_COLON3:
case NODE_OPT_N:
case NODE_EVSTR:
case NODE_UNDEF:
case NODE_POSTEXE:
ptr = (VALUE)obj->as.node.u2.node;
goto again;
case NODE_HASH: /* 1 */
case NODE_LIT:
case NODE_STR:
case NODE_XSTR:
case NODE_DEFINED:
case NODE_MATCH:
case NODE_RETURN:
case NODE_BREAK:
case NODE_NEXT:
case NODE_YIELD:
case NODE_COLON2:
case NODE_SPLAT:
case NODE_TO_ARY:
ptr = (VALUE)obj->as.node.u1.node;
goto again;
case NODE_SCOPE: /* 2,3 */
case NODE_CDECL:
case NODE_OPT_ARG:
gc_mark((VALUE)obj->as.node.u3.node, lev);
ptr = (VALUE)obj->as.node.u2.node;
goto again;
case NODE_ZARRAY: /* - */
case NODE_ZSUPER:
case NODE_CFUNC:
case NODE_VCALL:
case NODE_GVAR:
case NODE_LVAR:
case NODE_DVAR:
case NODE_IVAR:
case NODE_CVAR:
case NODE_NTH_REF:
case NODE_BACK_REF:
case NODE_REDO:
case NODE_RETRY:
case NODE_SELF: