diff --git a/changes/bug33087 b/changes/bug33087
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ab6df58cc65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changes/bug33087
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+  o Minor bugfixes (logging):
+    - Stop closing stderr and stdout during shutdown. Closing these file
+      descriptors can hide sanitiser logs.
+      Fixes bug 33087; bugfix on 0.4.1.6.
+    - Flush stderr, stdout, and file logs during shutdown, if supported by the
+      OS. This change helps make sure that any final logs are recorded.
+      Fixes bug 33087; bugfix on 0.4.1.6.
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index 009d23aaa57..1a5b6817b6e 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -649,6 +649,7 @@ AC_CHECK_FUNCS(
 	explicit_bzero \
 	timingsafe_memcmp \
 	flock \
+	fsync \
 	ftime \
 	get_current_dir_name \
 	getaddrinfo \
diff --git a/src/lib/err/torerr.c b/src/lib/err/torerr.c
index 92ef80e56a3..c2dd862e117 100644
--- a/src/lib/err/torerr.c
+++ b/src/lib/err/torerr.c
@@ -151,29 +151,27 @@ tor_log_reset_sigsafe_err_fds(void)
 }
 
 /**
- * Close the list of fds that get errors from inside a signal handler or
+ * Flush the list of fds that get errors from inside a signal handler or
  * other emergency condition. These fds are shared with the logging code:
- * closing them flushes the log buffers, and prevents any further logging.
+ * flushing them also flushes the log buffers.
  *
- * This function closes stderr, so it should only be called immediately before
- * process shutdown.
+ * This function is safe to call during signal handlers.
  */
 void
-tor_log_close_sigsafe_err_fds(void)
+tor_log_flush_sigsafe_err_fds(void)
 {
+  /* If we don't have fsync() in unistd.h, we can't flush the logs. */
+#ifdef HAVE_FSYNC
   int n_fds, i;
   const int *fds = NULL;
 
   n_fds = tor_log_get_sigsafe_err_fds(&fds);
   for (i = 0; i < n_fds; ++i) {
-    /* tor_log_close_sigsafe_err_fds_on_error() is called on error and on
-     * shutdown, so we can't log or take any useful action if close()
-     * fails. */
-    (void)close(fds[i]);
+    /* This function is called on error and on shutdown, so we don't log, or
+     * take any other action, if fsync() fails. */
+    (void)fsync(fds[i]);
   }
-
-  /* Don't even try logging, we've closed all the log fds. */
-  tor_log_set_sigsafe_err_fds(NULL, 0);
+#endif
 }
 
 /**
@@ -217,13 +215,13 @@ tor_raw_assertion_failed_msg_(const char *file, int line, const char *expr,
 
 /**
  * Call the abort() function to kill the current process with a fatal
- * error. But first, close the raw error file descriptors, so error messages
+ * error. But first, flush the raw error file descriptors, so error messages
  * are written before process termination.
  **/
 void
 tor_raw_abort_(void)
 {
-  tor_log_close_sigsafe_err_fds();
+  tor_log_flush_sigsafe_err_fds();
   abort();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/lib/err/torerr.h b/src/lib/err/torerr.h
index f5b36eef9c0..ce1b049c471 100644
--- a/src/lib/err/torerr.h
+++ b/src/lib/err/torerr.h
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ void tor_log_err_sigsafe(const char *m, ...);
 int tor_log_get_sigsafe_err_fds(const int **out);
 void tor_log_set_sigsafe_err_fds(const int *fds, int n);
 void tor_log_reset_sigsafe_err_fds(void);
-void tor_log_close_sigsafe_err_fds(void);
+void tor_log_flush_sigsafe_err_fds(void);
 void tor_log_sigsafe_err_set_granularity(int ms);
 
 void tor_raw_abort_(void) ATTR_NORETURN;
diff --git a/src/lib/err/torerr_sys.c b/src/lib/err/torerr_sys.c
index aa49ba36bd9..46fc8535509 100644
--- a/src/lib/err/torerr_sys.c
+++ b/src/lib/err/torerr_sys.c
@@ -27,11 +27,9 @@ subsys_torerr_initialize(void)
 static void
 subsys_torerr_shutdown(void)
 {
-  /* Stop handling signals with backtraces, then close the logs. */
+  /* Stop handling signals with backtraces, then flush the logs. */
   clean_up_backtrace_handler();
-  /* We can't log any log messages after this point: we've closed all the log
-   * fds, including stdio. */
-  tor_log_close_sigsafe_err_fds();
+  tor_log_flush_sigsafe_err_fds();
 }
 
 const subsys_fns_t sys_torerr = {
diff --git a/src/lib/log/log.c b/src/lib/log/log.c
index 75f8f79da25..4813a4faec7 100644
--- a/src/lib/log/log.c
+++ b/src/lib/log/log.c
@@ -667,12 +667,9 @@ tor_log_update_sigsafe_err_fds(void)
 
   /* log_fds and err_fds contain matching entries: log_fds are the fds used by
    * the log module, and err_fds are the fds used by the err module.
-   * For stdio logs, the log_fd and err_fd values are identical,
-   * and the err module closes the fd on shutdown.
-   * For file logs, the err_fd is a dup() of the log_fd,
-   * and the log and err modules both close their respective fds on shutdown.
-   * (Once all fds representing a file are closed, the underlying file is
-   * closed.)
+   * For stdio logs, the log_fd and err_fd values are identical.
+   * For file logs, the err_fd is a dup() of the log_fd.
+   * Both the log and err modules flush these fds on shutdown.
    */
   int log_fds[TOR_SIGSAFE_LOG_MAX_FDS];
   int err_fds[TOR_SIGSAFE_LOG_MAX_FDS];
@@ -704,12 +701,12 @@ tor_log_update_sigsafe_err_fds(void)
       log_fds[n_fds] = lf->fd;
       if (lf->needs_close) {
         /* File log fds are duplicated, because close_log() closes the log
-         * module's fd, and tor_log_close_sigsafe_err_fds() closes the err
+         * module's fd, and tor_log_flush_sigsafe_err_fds() closes the err
          * module's fd. Both refer to the same file. */
         err_fds[n_fds] = dup(lf->fd);
       } else {
         /* stdio log fds are not closed by the log module.
-         * tor_log_close_sigsafe_err_fds() closes stdio logs.  */
+         * tor_log_flush_sigsafe_err_fds() closes stdio logs.  */
         err_fds[n_fds] = lf->fd;
       }
       n_fds++;
@@ -841,16 +838,16 @@ logs_free_all(void)
    * log mutex. */
 }
 
-/** Close signal-safe log files.
- * Closing the log files makes the process and OS flush log buffers.
+/** Flush the signal-safe log files.
  *
- * This function is safe to call from a signal handler. It should only be
- * called when shutting down the log or err modules. It is currenly called
- * by the err module, when terminating the process on an abnormal condition.
+ * This function is safe to call from a signal handler. It is currenly called
+ * by the BUG() macros, when terminating the process on an abnormal condition.
  */
 void
-logs_close_sigsafe(void)
+logs_flush_sigsafe(void)
 {
+  /* If we don't have fsync() in unistd.h, we can't flush the logs. */
+#ifdef HAVE_FSYNC
   logfile_t *victim, *next;
   /* We can't LOCK_LOGS() in a signal handler, because it may call
    * signal-unsafe functions. And we can't deallocate memory, either. */
@@ -860,9 +857,11 @@ logs_close_sigsafe(void)
     victim = next;
     next = next->next;
     if (victim->needs_close) {
-      close_log_sigsafe(victim);
+      /* We can't do anything useful if the flush fails. */
+      (void)fsync(victim->fd);
     }
   }
+#endif
 }
 
 /** Remove and free the log entry <b>victim</b> from the linked-list
diff --git a/src/lib/log/log.h b/src/lib/log/log.h
index cb588635d7c..aafbf9be2f9 100644
--- a/src/lib/log/log.h
+++ b/src/lib/log/log.h
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ void logs_set_domain_logging(int enabled);
 int get_min_log_level(void);
 void switch_logs_debug(void);
 void logs_free_all(void);
-void logs_close_sigsafe(void);
+void logs_flush_sigsafe(void);
 void add_default_log(int min_severity);
 void close_temp_logs(void);
 void rollback_log_changes(void);
diff --git a/src/lib/log/util_bug.c b/src/lib/log/util_bug.c
index de44d30e4e5..581ae85f47f 100644
--- a/src/lib/log/util_bug.c
+++ b/src/lib/log/util_bug.c
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ tor_bug_occurred_(const char *fname, unsigned int line,
 void
 tor_abort_(void)
 {
-  logs_close_sigsafe();
+  logs_flush_sigsafe();
   tor_raw_abort_();
 }