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<h1 id="6-828-不存在riscv64-linux-gnu-gdb"><a href="#6-828-不存在riscv64-linux-gnu-gdb" class="headerlink" title="6.828 不存在riscv64-linux-gnu-gdb"></a>6.828 不存在riscv64-linux-gnu-gdb</h1><p>上课的时候发现老师使用的是 <code>riscv64-linux-gnu-gdb</code> 但实际操作发现不存在这个程序。</p>
<p>参照<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://pdos.csail.mit.edu/6.828/2023/tools.html">这个网页</a>发现，<code>Arch Linux</code> 装的是 <code>riscv64-linux-gnu-gdb</code> 。</p>
<p>而 <code>Debian or Ubuntu</code> 装的是 <code>gdb-multiarch</code>。</p>
<p>启动<code>gdb-multiarch</code> 发现没有装载文件。</p>
<p>参照<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://pdos.csail.mit.edu/6.828/2023/labs/gdb.html">这个网页</a> 发现需要远程连接<code>GDB</code>服务器。</p>
<p><strong>服务端</strong>：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd xv6-labs-2023</span><br><span class="line">make qemu-gdb</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>客户端：</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd xv6-labs-2023</span><br><span class="line">gdb-multiarch</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>然后在客户端的的<code>GDB</code> 中输入 <code>target remote localhost:260000</code> 连接服务端。</p>
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<h1 id="cs61c_lab10">cs61c_lab10</h1>
<h3 id="part1-multi-threading-programming-using-openmp">Part1:
Multi-threading programming using OpenMP</h3>
<h4 id="exercise-2---vector-addition">Exercise 2 - Vector Addition</h4>
<p>方法1如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight c++"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">v_add_optimized_adjacent</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">double</span>* x, <span class="keyword">double</span>* y, <span class="keyword">double</span>* z)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">pragma</span> omp parallel</span></span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> num_threads = <span class="built_in">omp_get_num_threads</span>();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> id = <span class="built_in">omp_get_thread_num</span>();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span>(<span class="keyword">int</span> i=id; i<ARRAY_SIZE; i+= num_threads)</span><br><span class="line"> z[i] = x[i] + y[i];</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>方法二如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight c++"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">v_add_optimized_chunks</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">double</span>* x, <span class="keyword">double</span>* y, <span class="keyword">double</span>* z)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">pragma</span> omp parallel</span></span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> num_threads = <span class="built_in">omp_get_num_threads</span>();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> id = <span class="built_in">omp_get_thread_num</span>();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (id != num_threads - <span class="number">1</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span>(<span class="keyword">int</span> i=ARRAY_SIZE/num_threads*id; i<ARRAY_SIZE/num_threads*(id + <span class="number">1</span>); i++)</span><br><span class="line"> z[i] = x[i] + y[i];</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">else</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span>(<span class="keyword">int</span> i=ARRAY_SIZE/num_threads*id; i<ARRAY_SIZE; i++)</span><br><span class="line"> z[i] = x[i] + y[i];</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="exercise-3---dot-product">Exercise 3 - Dot Product</h4>
<p>不使用reduction的代码如下,不知道题目想干什么，这部分参考了<a href="#fn1" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref1" role="doc-noteref"><sup>1</sup></a> ，感觉还是不是很符合题意：</p>
<figure class="highlight c++"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">double</span> <span class="title">dotp_manual_optimized</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">double</span>* x, <span class="keyword">double</span>* y, <span class="keyword">int</span> arr_size)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">double</span> global_sum = <span class="number">0.0</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> num_threads; </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">pragma</span> omp parallel</span></span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> num_threads = <span class="built_in">omp_get_num_threads</span>();</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">double</span> *sum = (<span class="keyword">double</span> *)<span class="built_in">malloc</span>(num_threads * <span class="built_in"><span class="keyword">sizeof</span></span>(<span class="keyword">double</span>));</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">memset</span>(sum, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="built_in"><span class="keyword">sizeof</span></span>(sum));</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">pragma</span> omp parallel</span></span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> id = <span class="built_in">omp_get_thread_num</span>();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">double</span> now = <span class="number">0.0</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">int</span> i = id; i < arr_size; i += num_threads) {</span><br><span class="line"> now += x[i] * y[i];</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> sum[id] = now;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">int</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>; i < num_threads; i ++) {</span><br><span class="line"> global_sum += sum[i];</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">free</span>(sum);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> global_sum;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>下面是使用了reduction的代码：</p>
<figure class="highlight c++"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">double</span> <span class="title">dotp_reduction_optimized</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">double</span>* x, <span class="keyword">double</span>* y, <span class="keyword">int</span> arr_size)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">double</span> global_sum = <span class="number">0.0</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">pragma</span> omp parallel</span></span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">pragma</span> omp for reduction(+:global_sum)</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">int</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>; i < arr_size; i++)</span><br><span class="line"> global_sum += x[i] * y[i];</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> global_sum;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="part-2-intro-to-multi-processing-programming">Part 2: Intro to
multi-processing programming</h2>
<p>这题貌似直接使用gcc-11会报错，可以改用gcc-9。或者把变量的定义放进<code>server_utils.c</code>
然后将 <code>server_utils.h</code> 中的变量加上<code>extern</code>。</p>
<p>代码如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight c++"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">while</span> (<span class="number">1</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> client_socket_number = <span class="built_in">accept</span>(*socket_number,</span><br><span class="line"> (struct sockaddr *) &client_address,</span><br><span class="line"> (<span class="keyword">socklen_t</span> * ) & client_address_length);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (client_socket_number < <span class="number">0</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">perror</span>(<span class="string">"Error accepting socket"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">continue</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">"Accepted connection from %s on port %d\n"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">inet_ntoa</span>(client_address.sin_addr), client_address.sin_port);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">pid_t</span> parent_pid = <span class="built_in">getpid</span>();</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">ifdef</span> PROC</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// PART2 TASK: Implement forking</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/* YOUR CODE HERE */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">pid_t</span> child_pid = fork();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (child_pid != <span class="number">0</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// Kill child process if parent dies</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> r = <span class="built_in">prctl</span>(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/* YOUR CODE HERE */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">dispatch</span>(client_socket_number);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// Exit with code 1 when there was an error, </span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// or when the parent has been killed</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (r == <span class="number">-1</span> || <span class="built_in">getppid</span>() != parent_pid) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">perror</span>(<span class="number">0</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">exit</span>(<span class="number">1</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/* YOUR CODE HERE */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">exit</span>(EXIT_SUCCESS);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">else</span></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">dispatch</span>(client_socket_number);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="meta-keyword">endif</span></span></span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<aside id="footnotes" class="footnotes footnotes-end-of-document" role="doc-endnotes">
<hr>
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<li id="fn1"><p>https://github.com/chibinz/CS110/blob/master/lab/lab10/dotp.c<a href="#fnref1" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></p></li>
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<h1 id="cs61c_lab9">cs61c_lab9</h1>
<h3 id="exercise-1---familiarize-yourself-with-the-simd-functions">Exercise
1 - Familiarize Yourself with the SIMD Functions</h3>
<ol type="1">
<li><p>__m128 _mm_div_ps (__m128 a, __m128 b)</p></li>
<li><p>__m128i _mm_max_epi8 (__m128i a, __m128i b)</p></li>
<li><p>__m128i _mm_sra_epi16 (__m128i a, __m128i count)</p></li>
</ol>
<h3 id="exercise-2---writing-simd-code">Exercise 2 - Writing SIMD
Code</h3>
<p>代码如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight c++"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="title">sum_simd</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> vals[NUM_ELEMS])</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">clock_t</span> start = <span class="built_in">clock</span>();</span><br><span class="line"> __m128i _127 = _mm_set1_epi32(<span class="number">127</span>); <span class="comment">// This is a vector with 127s in it... Why might you need this?</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> result = <span class="number">0</span>; <span class="comment">// This is where you should put your final result!</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/* DO NOT DO NOT DO NOT DO NOT WRITE ANYTHING ABOVE THIS LINE. */</span></span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span>(<span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> w = <span class="number">0</span>; w < OUTER_ITERATIONS; w++) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/* YOUR CODE GOES HERE */</span></span><br><span class="line"> __m128i result_itr = _mm_setzero_si128();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>; i < NUM_ELEMS / <span class="number">4</span> * <span class="number">4</span>; i += <span class="number">4</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> __m128i vals_m128i = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *) &vals[i]);</span><br><span class="line"> result_itr = _mm_add_epi32(result_itr ,_mm_and_si128(vals_m128i, _mm_cmpgt_epi32(vals_m128i, _127)));</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> results[<span class="number">4</span>] = {<span class="number">0</span>,<span class="number">0</span>,<span class="number">0</span>,<span class="number">0</span>};</span><br><span class="line"> _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)results, result_itr);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">int</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>; i < <span class="number">4</span>; i ++) {</span><br><span class="line"> result += results[i];</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/* You'll need a tail case. */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">int</span> i = NUM_ELEMS / <span class="number">4</span> * <span class="number">4</span>; i < NUM_ELEMS; i ++) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>(vals[i] >= <span class="number">128</span>) result += vals[i];</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">clock_t</span> end = <span class="built_in">clock</span>();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">"Time taken: %Lf s\n"</span>, (<span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="keyword">double</span>)(end - start) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> result;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="exercise-3---loop-unrolling">Exercise 3 - Loop Unrolling</h3>
<p>代码如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight c++"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="title">sum_simd_unrolled</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> vals[NUM_ELEMS])</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">clock_t</span> start = <span class="built_in">clock</span>();</span><br><span class="line"> __m128i _127 = _mm_set1_epi32(<span class="number">127</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> result = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span>(<span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> w = <span class="number">0</span>; w < OUTER_ITERATIONS; w++) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/* COPY AND PASTE YOUR sum_simd() HERE */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/* MODIFY IT BY UNROLLING IT */</span></span><br><span class="line"> __m128i result_itr = _mm_setzero_si128();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>; i < NUM_ELEMS / <span class="number">16</span> * <span class="number">16</span>; i += <span class="number">16</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> __m128i vals_m128i = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *) &vals[i]);</span><br><span class="line"> result_itr = _mm_add_epi32(result_itr ,_mm_and_si128(vals_m128i, _mm_cmpgt_epi32(vals_m128i, _127)));</span><br><span class="line"> vals_m128i = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *) &vals[i + <span class="number">4</span>]);</span><br><span class="line"> result_itr = _mm_add_epi32(result_itr ,_mm_and_si128(vals_m128i, _mm_cmpgt_epi32(vals_m128i, _127)));</span><br><span class="line"> vals_m128i = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *) &vals[i + <span class="number">8</span>]);</span><br><span class="line"> result_itr = _mm_add_epi32(result_itr ,_mm_and_si128(vals_m128i, _mm_cmpgt_epi32(vals_m128i, _127)));</span><br><span class="line"> vals_m128i = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *) &vals[i + <span class="number">12</span>]);</span><br><span class="line"> result_itr = _mm_add_epi32(result_itr ,_mm_and_si128(vals_m128i, _mm_cmpgt_epi32(vals_m128i, _127)));</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> results[<span class="number">4</span>] = {<span class="number">0</span>,<span class="number">0</span>,<span class="number">0</span>,<span class="number">0</span>};</span><br><span class="line"> _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)results, result_itr);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">int</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>; i < <span class="number">4</span>; i ++) {</span><br><span class="line"> result += results[i];</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/* You'll need 1 or maybe 2 tail cases here. */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">int</span> i = NUM_ELEMS / <span class="number">16</span> * <span class="number">16</span>; i < NUM_ELEMS; i ++) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>(vals[i] >= <span class="number">128</span>) result += vals[i];</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">clock_t</span> end = <span class="built_in">clock</span>();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">"Time taken: %Lf s\n"</span>, (<span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="keyword">double</span>)(end - start) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> result;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<p><strong>Exercise 1 - Working with CAMERA</strong> 地址序列为 4D, 1E,
7F, 4C, 8E, CF, 6D, D8, 3B, E2</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>32字节。</li>
<li>TLB Hits: 3, TLB Misses: 7. Page Hits 0, Page Faults 7.</li>
<li>没有Page Hits，也不会有Page
Hits，因为实验环境中frame的数量和TLB中页面的数量是一样的。</li>
<li>首先访问TLB，TLB没有命中。接着访问页表，页表中有效位为0，物理内存中没有该帧，引发缺页错误，从磁盘中将该帧载入物理内存，然后将物理地址写入页表和TLB。</li>
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<h4 id="exercise-1"><strong>Exercise 1:</strong></h4>
<p><strong>Scenario 1:</strong> 1. Because (Step Size) * 4 in bytes (32
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be zero. because the index portion is always 00, and the address we
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hit rate will always be zero. 3. Change Step Size to 1</p>
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<p><strong>Exercise 1 - Inefficiencies Everywhere</strong></p>
<p><strong>1. Max Delay</strong></p>
<p><span class="math display">\[
Max\_Delay=CLK\_to\_Q\_Delay + CL\_Delay + Setup\_Time\\
=CLK\_to\_Q\_Delay + (Adder\_Delay + Multiplication\_Delay) +
Setup\_Time\\
=10ns+(45ns+60ns)+10ns\\
=125ns
\]</span></p>
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<h3 id="part-1-sub-circuits">Part 1: Sub-Circuits</h3>
<p><strong>NAND1</strong></p>
<p><img src="/2023/10/12/cs61c/cs61c_lab5/image-20231012185639742.png"></p>
<p><strong>NOR1</strong></p>
<p><img src="/2023/10/12/cs61c/cs61c_lab5/image-20231012185627597.png"></p>
<p><strong>XOR1</strong></p>
<p><img src="/2023/10/12/cs61c/cs61c_lab5/image-20231012185715957.png"></p>
<p><strong>MUX2</strong></p>
<p>通过列真值表可以得到以下逻辑式：</p>
<p><span class="math inline">\(\neg{A}BSel+A\neg{B}\neg{Sel}+AB\neg{Sel}+ABSel=RESULT\)</span></p>
<p>可以画出如下电路：</p>
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<h1 id="cs61c-lab4"><a href="#cs61c-lab4" class="headerlink" title="cs61c_lab4"></a>cs61c_lab4</h1><p><strong>Exercise 1: Debugging megalistmanips.s</strong></p>
<p>错误之处：</p>
<ol>
<li>偏移量没有乘4。</li>
<li>偏移量应该加在结构体中数组的地址上而不是数组的地址的地址上。</li>
<li>调用函数之前没有保存s1。</li>
<li>在内存中取字应该是lw，而不是la。</li>
<li>将s1中的内容移入a1，而不是将s1指向的地址中的内容移入a1。</li>
</ol>
<p>代码如下：</p>
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<p><strong>Exercise 1: Familiarizing yourself with Venus</strong></p>
<ol type="1">
<li><code>.data</code> 指令用于指定程序中数据段的开始。在这个部分中，可以定义程序将使用的变量和数据。<code>.word</code> 指令用于在 <code>.data</code> 部分内分配空间并初始化数据值。<code>.text</code> 指令用于指定程序的代码或文本段的开始。</li>
<li>最后输出结果是34，表示斐波那契数列的第九项。</li>
<li>n的地址是0x10000008</li>
<li>在运行过程中把t3改为0x0000000D</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p>题外话：我网上查到说ecall的调用号应该在a7，但是这个代码里的调用号不知道为什么在a0，可能是cs61c自己开发的这个Venus模拟器的问题。</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>Exercise 2: Translating from C to RISC-V</strong></p>
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<h1 id="cs61c_lab2">cs61c_lab2</h1>
<p><strong>Exercise 0: Makefiles</strong></p>
<p>看makefile文件回答问题。</p>