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<!--?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?-->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<title>WAI-ARIA Graphics Module</title>
<script src="https://www.w3.org/Tools/respec/respec-w3c-common" class="remove"></script>
<script src="common/script/resolveReferences.js" class="remove"></script>
<script src="common/biblio.js" class="remove"></script>
<link href="common/css/common.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
<script class="remove" src="common/script/ariaChild.js"></script>
<script class="remove" src="common/script/roleInfo.js"></script>
<script class="remove">
var respecConfig = {
trace: true,
doRDFa: '1.1',
includePermalinks: true,
permalinkEdge: true,
permalinkHide: false,
// specification status (e.g., WD, LC, NOTE, etc.). If in doubt use ED.
specStatus: "ED",
//crEnd: "2012-04-30",
//perEnd: "2013-07-23",
//publishDate: "2016-08-18",
diffTool: "http://www.aptest.com/standards/htmldiff/htmldiff.pl",
// the specifications short name, as in https://www.w3.org/TR/short-name/
shortName: "graphics-aria-1.0",
// if you wish the publication date to be other than today, set this
//publishDate: "2014-12-11",
copyrightStart: "2015",
license: "document",
// if there is a previously published draft, uncomment this and set its YYYY-MM-DD date
// and its maturity status
previousPublishDate: "2015-12-03",
previousMaturity: "WD",
//prevRecURI: "https://www.w3.org/TR/2014/REC-wai-aria-20140320/",
//previousDiffURI: "https://www.w3.org/TR/2014/REC-wai-aria-20140320/",
// if there a publicly available Editors Draft, this is the link
edDraftURI: "https://w3c.github.io/graphics-aria/",
// if this is a LCWD, uncomment and set the end of its review period
// lcEnd: "2012-02-21",
// editors, add as many as you like
// only "name" is required
editors: [
{
name: "Amelia Bellamy-Royds",
mailto: "[email protected]",
w3cid: 75809
},
{
name: "Joanmarie Diggs",
url: 'https://www.igalia.com',
mailto: "[email protected]",
company: "Igalia, S.L.",
companyURI: "https://www.igalia.com",
w3cid: 68182
},
{
name: "Michael Cooper",
url: 'http://www.w3.org',
mailto: "[email protected]",
company: "W3C",
companyURI: "http://www.w3.org",
w3cid: 34017
},
{
name: "Fred Esch",
mailto: "[email protected]",
company: "IBM Corporation",
companyURI: "http://www.ibm.com",
w3cid: 73593,
note: "until September 2016"
},
{
name: "Rich Schwerdtfeger",
mailto: "[email protected]",
company: "Knowbility",
companyURI: "https://www.knowbility.org/",
w3cid: 2460,
note: "until August 2017"
}
],
// authors, add as many as you like.
// This is optional, uncomment if you have authors as well as editors.
// only "name" is required. Same format as editors.
authors: [
{
name: "Amelia Bellamy-Royds",
mailto: "[email protected]",
w3cid: 75809
},
{
name: "Fred Esch",
mailto: "[email protected]",
company: "IBM Corporation",
companyURI: "http://www.ibm.com/",
w3cid: 73593
},
{
name: "Rich Schwerdtfeger",
mailto: "[email protected]",
company: "Knowbility",
companyURI: "https://www.knowbility.org/",
w3cid: 2460
},
{
name: "Doug Schepers",
mailto: "[email protected]",
company: "W3C",
companyURI: "https://www.w3.org/",
w3cid: 38635
}
],
/*
alternateFormats: [
{ uri: 'aria-diff.html', label: "Diff from Previous Recommendation" } ,
{ uri: 'aria.ps', label: "PostScript version" },
{ uri: 'aria.pdf', label: "PDF version" }
],
*/
// errata: 'https://www.w3.org/2010/02/rdfa/errata.html',
//processVersion: 2015,
// name of the WG
wg: ["Accessible Rich Internet Applications Working Group", "SVG Working Group"],
// URI of the public WG page
wgURI: ["https://www.w3.org/WAI/ARIA/", "https://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/WG/"],
// name (with the @w3c.org) of the public mailing to which comments are due
wgPublicList: "public-svg-a11y",
// URI of the patent status for this WG, for Rec-track documents
// !!!! IMPORTANT !!!!
// This is important for Rec-track documents, do not copy a patent URI from a random
// document unless you know what you're doing. If in doubt ask your friendly neighbourhood
// Team Contact.
wgPatentURI: ["https://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/83726/status", "https://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/19480/status"],
maxTocLevel: 4,
// Spec URLs
ariaSpecURLs: {
"ED": "https://w3c.github.io/aria/",
"FPWD" : "https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.1/",
"WD" : "https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.1/",
"REC": "https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/"
},
localBiblio: biblio,
preProcess: [ linkCrossReferences ]
};
</script>
<style>
/* Styles for embedded object examples */
.example object, .example img {
display: block;
width: 35em;
max-width: 100%;
max-height: 100vh;
background-color: white;
border: solid 1px #999;
}
.example object[type="text/html"] {
height: 20em;
width: 60em;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<section id="abstract">
<p>Assistive technologies need semantic information about the structures and expected behaviors of a document in order to convey appropriate information to persons with disabilities. This specification defines a <a href="" class="specref">WAI-ARIA 1.1</a> [[!WAI-ARIA-1.1]] module of core <a data-lt="role">roles</a><!-- , <a data-lt="state">states</a> and <a data-lt="property">properties</a> Note, if we do include any states & properties in this module, edit this sentence! --> specific to web graphics. These semantics allow an author to express the logical structure of the graphic to assistive technologies. Assistive technologies could then enable semantic navigation and adapt styling and interactive features, to provide an optimal experience for the audience. These features complement the graphics and document structure elements defined by HTML [[HTML5]] and SVG [[SVG2]].</p>
<p>This document is part of the <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> suite described in the <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/aria.php"><abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> Overview</a>.</p>
</section>
<section id="sotd">
<p>This is an Editor's Draft of <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> Graphics Module 1.0 by the <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/PF/svg-a11y-tf/"><abbr title="Scalable Vector Graphics">SVG</abbr> Accessibility Taskforce</a>, a joint task force of the <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/ARIA/">Accessible Rich Internet Applications Working Group</a> and the <a href="https://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/WG/">SVG Working Group</a>. </p>
<p>Feedback on any aspect of the specification is accepted. For this publication, the <abbr title="Scalable Vector Graphics">SVG</abbr> Accessibility Task Force particularly seeks feedback on the following questions:</p>
<ul>
<li>Are proposed roles clear and appropriate to the needs of interactive graphics?</li>
<li>Is the relationship of this specification to <a href="" class="specref">WAI-ARIA 1.1</a> clear?</li>
</ul>
<p>To comment, <a href="https://github.com/w3c/aria/issues/new">file an issue in the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> ARIA GitHub repository</a>, using the "graphics" label in the issue. If this is not feasible, send email to <a href="mailto:[email protected]?subject=Graphics%20ARIA%20public%20comment">[email protected]</a> (<a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-svg-a11y/">comment archive</a>). Comments are requested by <strong>30 September 2016</strong>. In-progress updates to the document may be viewed in the <a href="https://w3c.github.io/aria/aria/graphics.html">publicly visible editors' draft</a>.</p>
</section>
<section id="toc">
</section>
<section class="informative" id="introduction">
<h1>Introduction</h1>
<p><abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> is a technical specification that provides a framework to improve the accessibility and interoperability of web content and applications. It enables web browsers to map the accessibility semantics in web content to platform-specific accessibility APIs. This enables web content to be interoperable with platform assistive technologies, similar to native platform applications, without requiring authors to include platform dependencies.</p>
<p>This specification is a modular extension of <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> [[!WAI-ARIA-1.1]] designed to support graphics. The goals of this specification include:</p>
<ul>
<li>Expanding WAI-ARIA to produce semantic extensions to support structured graphics such as charts, graphs, maps, technical drawings and scientific diagrams. It has applicability to both Scalable Vector Graphics as well as HTML5 Canvas and graphics produced with CSS styling of HTML and other markup languages.</li>
<li>Align with a new governance model for modularization and extensions to <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr>.</li>
<li>Provide structural semantics extensions that will support both assistive technologies and enable semantic navigation, alternative styling, and interactivity support.</li>
<li>Work in harmony with SVG 2 and ARIA 1.1 to get consistent working accessibility infrastructure, on par with <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> and HTML 5.1, across all the major browsers.</li>
</ul>
<p>This specification defines the core roles that would be used in all structured graphics or diagrams.
It establishes the default roles that can be used to describe graphical markup elements such as shapes and canvases.
In combination with WAI-ARIA attributes to provide alternative text and to indicate relationships between elements, this provides a framework for annotating many figures and diagrams.
Future work will expand on this framework to enable more detailed annotation of data-rich graphics such as charts or maps.</p>
<p>For a more detailed explanation of <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> please refer to the <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/aria">WAI-ARIA Introduction</a> and how it applies to Rich Internet Application Accessibility.</p>
<section id="target-audience">
<h2>Target Audience</h2>
<p>This specification defines a module of <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> for graphics, consisting of graphics-specific element <a data-lt="role">roles</a><!-- , <a data-lt="state">states</a>, <a data-lt="property">properties</a> and values Again, edit as required re states/properties -->. It impacts several audiences:</p>
<ul>
<li><a data-lt="user agent">User agents</a> that process content containing <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> and graphics <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> features;</li>
<li><a>Assistive technologies</a> that provide specialized reading experiences to users with disabilities;</li>
<li>Authors of web graphics;</li>
<li>Authoring tools that help authors create conforming graphics; and</li>
<li>Conformance checkers, that verify appropriate use of <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> and this <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> Graphics module.</li>
</ul>
<p>Each conformance requirement indicates the audience to which it applies.</p>
<!--p>Although this specification is applicable to the above audiences, it is not specifically targeted to, nor is it intended to be the sole source of information for, any of these audiences. In the future, additional documents will be created to assist authors in applying these <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> semantics for graphics and to define how the information in this document is mapped to platform accessibility APIs.</p-->
</section>
<section id="ua-support">
<h2>User Agent Support</h2>
<p>This module follows the general <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.1/#ua-support">User Agent support principles</a> defined in WAI-ARIA [[!WAI-ARIA-1.1]].
The roles defined here do not require any change in behavior by user agents other than in the information exposed to the <a>accessibility API</a>.
However, the semantics defined here provide the ability for user agents to enhance the general user interface presented to readers.
For example, a user agent may provide alternative keyboard navigation suitable to a graphical environment, or may allow users to extract a copy of a graphic from a larger document.</p>
</section>
<section id="co-evolution">
<h2>Co-Evolution of <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> and Host Languages</h2>
<p>The <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> Graphics module follows the model for <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.1/#co-evolution">co-evolution of <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> and host languages</a> defined in WAI-ARIA [[!WAI-ARIA-1.1]]. It is intended to augment semantics in supporting languages like HTML [[HTML5]], SVG [[SVG2]] and EPUB, or to be used as an accessibility enhancement technology in other markup-based languages that do not explicitly include support for ARIA.
WAI-ARIA <a>roles</a> clarify semantics to assistive technologies when authors create new types of objects, via style and script, or use markup languages which describe the visual appearance of a document rather than its meaning.</p>
<p>Although markup languages may provide some of these semantics natively, it is expected that there will be a persistent need for the semantics provided by the <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> Graphics module.
Some host languages exist to create semantics for features other than the user interface. For example, SVG expresses the semantics behind production of graphical objects, not of user interface components that those objects may represent. Host languages such as these might, by design, not provide native semantics that map to all of this specification's features. In these host languages, the <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> Graphics module could be adopted as a long-term approach to add semantic information.</p>
</section>
<section id="authoring_practices">
<h2>Authoring Practices</h2>
<section id="authoring_tools">
<h3>Authoring Tools</h3>
<p>Many of the requirements in the definitions of the <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> and Graphics <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> <a data-lt="role">roles</a>, <a data-lt="state">states</a> and <a data-lt="property">properties</a> can be checked automatically during the development process, similar to other quality control processes used for validating code. To assist authors who are creating graphics, these tools can compare the semantic structure of Graphics <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> roles from the <abbr title="Document Object Model">DOM</abbr> to that defined in this specification and notify the author of errors or simply create templates that enforce that structure.</p>
</section>
<section id="authoring_testing">
<h3>Testing Practices and Tools</h3>
<p>The accessibility of interactive content cannot be confirmed by static checks alone. Developers of interactive content should test for device-independent access to <a data-lt="widget">widgets</a> and applications, and should verify accessibility <abbr title="application programming interface">API</abbr> access to all content and changes during user interaction.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="at_support">
<h2>Assistive Technologies</h2>
<p>Programmatic access to accessibility semantics is essential for assistive technologies. For more information, refer to the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.1/#at_support">Assistive Technologies</a> section in WAI-ARIA [[!WAI-ARIA-1.1]].</p>
<p>For the graphics roles in particular, two categories of assistive technology are particularly relevant, but have different needs:</p>
<ul>
<li>Text-based presentations, such as screen readers, braille displays, and text-only displays or printers. These technologies need to replace a complex graphic with semantic text descriptions, preserving any meaningful structure and relationships between components.
</li>
<li>Alternative graphical presentations, such as colour-adjusted displays, screen magnifiers, large print documents, or embossing printers with graphic support. These technologies need to distinguish between graphical features which are primarily decorative and those which are essential for conveying the meaning of the content.</li>
</ul>
<p>The role descriptions suggest which features of an element with that role are considered semantically important and should be conveyed to the reader whenever possible.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section class="normative">
<h2>Conformance</h2>
<p>This specification indicates whether a section is <a class="termref">normative</a> or non-normative (<a class="termref">informative</a>) and the classification applies to the entire section. A statement "This section is normative" or "This section is non-normative" applies to all sub-sections of that section.</p>
<p>Normative sections provide requirements that <a class="termref">user agents</a> must follow for an implementation to conform to this specification. The keywords <strong class="rfc2119">MUST</strong>, <strong class="rfc2119">MUST NOT</strong>, <strong class="rfc2119">REQUIRED</strong>, <strong class="rfc2119">SHALL</strong>, <strong class="rfc2119">SHALL NOT</strong>, <strong class="rfc2119">SHOULD</strong>, <strong class="rfc2119">RECOMMENDED</strong>, <strong class="rfc2119">MAY</strong>, and <strong class="rfc2119">OPTIONAL</strong> in this document are to be interpreted as described in <cite><a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">Keywords for use in RFCs to indicate requirement levels</a></cite> [[!RFC2119]]. RFC-2119 keywords are formatted in uppercase and contained in a <code>strong</code> element with <code>class="rfc2119"</code>. When the keywords shown above are used, but do not share this format, they do not convey formal information in the RFC 2119 sense, and are merely explanatory, i.e., informative. As much as possible, such usages are avoided in this specification.</p>
<p>Normative sections provide requirements that authors, user agents and assistive technologies MUST follow for an implementation to conform to this specification.</p>
<p>Informative sections provide information useful to understanding the specification. Such sections may contain examples of recommended practice, but it is not required to follow such recommendations in order to conform to this specification.</p>
</section>
<section class="informative" id="terms">
<h1>Important Terms</h1>
<div data-include="common/terms.html" data-oninclude="restrictReferences"></div>
</section>
<section class="normative" id="roles">
<h1>Graphics Roles</h1>
<p>
This section defines additions to the
<abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr>
<a>role</a> <a>taxonomy</a>
and describes the characteristics and properties of all <a data-lt="role">roles</a>.
See <a href="#roles" class="specref">ARIA Roles</a> for descriptions
of the fields provided by this module.
</p>
<p>
Authors are given the ability to influence what is presented
to assistive technologies and to influence navigation through
the use of roles and properties.
This includes the ability to mark elements as having no semantic importance.
With graphics, there are many
cases where presenting and navigating every element will make the
graphic harder to understand and use.
</p>
<p>
Authors may mark elements for exclusion
from the semantic representation of the document
(the accessibility tree) by assigning
the role <rref>none</rref> or <rref>presentation</rref>.
The element with this role should be treated transparently
by assistive technologies, as if its children or text content
were directly contained by its parent element.
In addition, certain roles,
such as <rref>img</rref> or <rref>graphics-symbol</rref>,
when assigned to a parent element, will cause all child
DOM structure to be omitted from the accessibility tree.
This is indicated by the "Children Presentational"
value in the role characteristics table.
Finally, the native semantics of the graphics language
may also default to ignoring DOM structure that does not have
semantic data attached; for SVG, this is defined in the SVG Accessibility API Mappings specification [[SVG-AAM-1.0]].
</p>
<p>
In all cases, to be considered presentational, an element must not be interactive
and must not be assigned any accessible properties or alternative text.
A role of <code>none</code> or <code>presentation</code> will be ignored
for interactive elements or those with WAI-ARIA states and properties.</p>
<section id="role_definitions">
<h2>Definition of Roles</h2>
<p>
Below is an alphabetical list of the
<abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr>
<a data-lt="role">roles</a> defined in this specification.
They would normally be used in combination with other roles
defined in WAI-ARIA
to annotate graphics within documents and rich internet applications [[WAI-ARIA-1.1]].
</p>
<!-- -->
<p id="index_role">Placeholder for compact list of roles</p>
<div class="role">
<rdef>graphics-document</rdef>
<div class="role-description">
<p>
A type of <rref>document</rref> in which
the visual appearance or layout of content conveys meaning.
</p>
<p>
Similar to other <rref>document</rref> types,
the <code>graphics-document</code> role applies to the root element of
a region of the page containing related information,
where the user's primary interaction mode is expected to be
browsing the document rather than controlling an application.
The element with this role
may be the root element of the document file,
or of a nested structure within it.
</p>
<p>
The <code>graphics-document</code> may be distinguished
from similar roles as follows:
</p>
<ul>
<li><p>
Relative to other documents, a <code>graphics-document</code>
is distinguished by the semantic importance of its
visual (usually two-dimensional) representation.
User agents and assistive technologies
SHOULD take this into consideration
when supporting navigation of the graphic.
Accessibility technologies that re-format or re-style a document
SHOULD NOT alter the layout of a <code>graphics-document</code>
except in ways that are consistent
with the semantic roles and relationships of its content.
</p></li>
<li><p>
Relative to an <rref>img</rref>, a <code>graphics-document</code>
is distinguished by the structured nature of its content.
Its child elements may have semantic meaning,
and may include links or other interactive widgets.
</p></li>
<li><p>
Relative to a <rref>graphics-object</rref>,
a <code>graphics-document</code> is self-contained.
Its meaning persists when separated from surrounding content.
The element with the <code>graphics-document</code> role defines
the scope and context for interpretation of the child content.
</p></li>
</ul>
<p>
In general, authors SHOULD use the <code>graphics-document</code> role
for structured graphics such as
charts, maps, diagrams, technical drawing, blue prints and instructional graphics.
However, if a single large graphic has discrete regions
that may be safely re-arranged without sacrificing meaning,
each of those regions SHOULD be a distinct <code>graphics-document</code>.
An alternative role (such as <rref>figure</rref>)
may be used to group them together.
One <code>graphics-document</code> may also be nested inside another,
for example a bar chart that is embedded in a map
or a matrix of chart panels
should have a role of <code>graphics-document</code>.
The nested document provides encapsulation;
navigation between components of
the inner and outer graphics should be explicit.
</p>
<div class="note">
<p>
To support user agents and assistive technologies
based on the ARIA 1.0 specification,
authors may wish to include the <rref>document</rref> role
as a fallback value,
in the form <code>role="graphics-document document"</code>.
</p>
<p>
Future specifications may define more specific roles
for particular types of graphical documents with
special semantic structures. Those more specific roles
would be subclasses of <code>graphics-document</code>.
</p>
</div>
<pre class="example highlight">
<!-- An SVG diagram of an electrical circuit -->
<svg xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
width="400" height="200" viewBox="0 0 200 100"
role="graphics-document document" >
<title>A simple circuit</title>
<desc>A circuit with one source, one switch, and one load</desc>
<style type="text/css">
/* omitted */
</style>
<g id="battery-1" role="graphics-symbol img"
aria-roledescription="source"
aria-label="battery"
aria-flowto="switch-1"
transform="translate(20,50)" >
<path d="M-15,-5 h30 M-5,5 h10" />
</g>
<path class="wire" d="M20,45 V20 H90"/>
<g id="switch-1" role="graphics-symbol img"
aria-roledescription="switch"
aria-label="single-pole switch"
aria-flowto="lightbulb-1" >
<path d="M90,20 L105,30" />
<circle class="connection" cx="90" cy="20" r="2" />
<circle class="connection" cx="110" cy="20" r="2" />
</g>
<!-- more wires and a light bulb -->
</svg>
<object type="image/svg+xml" data="img/circuit-diagram.svg" ></object>
</pre>
</div>
<table class="role-features">
<caption>Characteristics:</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Characteristic</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="role-abstract-head" scope="row">Is Abstract:</th>
<td class="role-abstract"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-parent-head" scope="row">Superclass Role:</th>
<td class="role-parent"><rref>document</rref></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-children-head" scope="row">Subclass Roles:</th>
<td class="role-children"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-base-head" scope="row">Base Concept:</th>
<td class="role-base"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-related-head" scope="row">Related Concepts:</th>
<td class="role-related">
<ul>
<li><rref>graphics-object</rref></li>
<li><rref>img</rref></li>
<li><rref>article</rref></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-scope-head" scope="row">Required Context Role:</th>
<td class="role-scope"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-mustcontain-head" scope="row">Required Owned Elements:</th>
<td class="role-mustcontain"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-required-properties-head">Required States and Properties:</th>
<td class="role-required-properties"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-properties-head" scope="row">Supported States and Properties:</th>
<td class="role-properties"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-inherited-head" scope="row">Inherited States and Properties:</th>
<td class="role-inherited"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-namefrom-head" scope="row">Name From:</th>
<td class="role-namefrom">author</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-namerequired-head" scope="row">Accessible Name Required:</th>
<td class="role-namerequired">True</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-namerequired-inherited-head" scope="row">Inherits Name Required:</th>
<td class="role-namerequired-inherited"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-childpresentational-head" scope="row">Children Presentational:</th>
<td class="role-childpresentational">False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-presentational-inherited-head" scope="row">Inherits Presentational:</th>
<td class="role-presentational-inherited"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="implicit-values-head">Implicit Value for Role:</th>
<td class="implicit-values"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="role">
<rdef>graphics-object</rdef>
<div class="role-description">
<p>
A section of a <rref>graphics-document</rref>
that represents a distinct object or sub-component
with semantic meaning.
A graphical object may itself have nested sub-components.
</p>
<p>
Container elements that instead represent a collection
of disconnected objects should instead be given the
<rref>group</rref> or <rref>list</rref> roles.
Grouping elements that do not have semantic meaning
and do not alter the semantic context provided by an ancestor
SHOULD NOT be given a role,
which may be explicitly indicated
with the role <rref>none</rref> or <rref>presentation</rref>.
</p>
<p>
Unlike a <rref>graphics-document</rref>,
a <code>graphics-object</code> need not be self-contained,
and it does not establish a new context for navigation.
However, user agents and assistive technologies
SHOULD provide a way for users, particularly non-visual users,
to navigate the nested structure of objects
in a hierarchical manner, similar to nested lists.
</p>
<p class="note">
To support user agents and assistive technologies
based on the ARIA 1.0 specification,
authors may wish to include the <rref>group</rref> role
as a fallback value,
in the form <code>role="graphics-object group"</code>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<p>
The code that follows is a portion of the markup for a
structured graphic. It includes SVG <code>g</code> grouping
elements with various roles:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<code>graphics-object</code> for distinct objects,
such as the house, its door, or roof.</li>
<li>
<rref>group</rref> to group together the windows
or the trees (multiple distinct objects)
with a single label or description.
</li>
<li>
<rref>img</rref> for the background which is described as a whole.
</li>
<li>
<rref>none</rref> for elements that apply styles or transformations
without having any semantic meaning.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
Where a graphical object has multiple sub-components, the
group role is provided as an explicit fallback.
</p>
<object type="image/svg+xml" data="img/house-graphicsroles.svg"></object>
<pre class="highlight">
<svg xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
width="600" height="400" viewBox="0 0 600 400"
role="graphics-document document" xml:lang="en">
<title>Home</title>
<g role="img" aria-label="background">
<desc>Blue sky, sunshine, and green grass</desc>
<!-- The multiple parts of the background form a single image
conveyed by that one description. -->
<rect fill="lightSkyBlue" height="100%" width="100%" />
<circle fill="yellow" stroke="gold" stroke-width="4"
cx="0" cy="0" r="50" />
<path fill="none" stroke="gold" stroke-width="3"
d="..." />
<rect fill="#6a2" y="300" width="100%" height="100" />
</g>
<g role="graphics-object group"
aria-labelledby="house-label"
transform="translate(100,325)">
<desc>A two-storey brick house, drawn with basic shapes.
</desc>
<!-- The house has a number of details worth calling out,
so it is a graphical object -->
<rect fill="firebrick" stroke="darkRed"
width="300" height="200" y="-200"
role="none" /><!-- the walls of the house are
already described thoroughly,
so no role is required -->
<g role="graphics-object" aria-label="door"
transform="translate(30,-90)">
<desc>The brown door on the left side of the building
has a window and a round doorknob</desc>
<!-- The graphical object role allows for further
nested sub-components.
However, based on the default SVG API mappings,
these shapes, which have neither labels nor descriptions,
will be treated as presentation. -->
<rect fill="darkKhaki" stroke="#632"
width="50" height="90"/>
<rect fill="lightSteelBlue" stroke="#632" stroke-width="4"
x="5" y="5" width="40" height="30" />
<circle fill="gray" stroke="#444" stroke-width="0.7"
cx="10" cy="50" r="4" />
</g>
<g role="group" aria-label="windows"
fill="lightSteelBlue" stroke="#632" stroke-width="6">
<!-- The windows are distinct objects,
grouped together with a common label -->
<g role="none" transform="translate(0,-85)">
<rect aria-label="first-floor window"
x="100" width="25" height="45">
<desc>A small window beside the door</desc>
</rect>
<path aria-label="first-floor living-room window"
d="M180,0h100v60h-100v-60z
m30,0v60 m40,0v-60">
<desc>A large three-pane window fills
the rest of the first floor</desc>
</path>
</g>
<g role="none" transform="translate(0,-180)">
<!-- more windows on the second floor -->
</g>
</g>
<!-- more markup for the roof and chimney -->
<text id="house-label"
font-family="cursive" font-size="36px"
x="70" y="50">My House</text>
</g>
<!-- more markup for the trees -->
</svg>
</pre>
</div>
<!--
FRED: I've added more explanation to the house example,
which I think covers the factors you were trying to emphasize here.
OK to omit the second example?
<div class="example">
<p>
In the example below, the outer most group element has the role <code>graphics-object</code>. The outer group represents
the set of labels for the months of the year. The inner group elements exist for style purposes, do not have semantic
meaning and thus are given the role none.
</p>
<pre class="highlight">
<g role='graphics-object' >
<text x="376.01" y="248.66" >Jan</text>
<text x="325.32" y="336.46" >Feb</text>
<g role='none'>
<text x="237.52" y="387.15" >Mar</text>
<g text-anchor="end" role='none'>
<text x="136.14" y="387.15" >Apr</text>
<text x="48.34" y="336.46" >May</text>
</g>
</g>
<g text-anchor="end" role='none'>
<text x="-2.346" y="248.66" >Jun</text>
<text x="-2.346" y="147.28" >Jul</text>
<g role='none'>
<text x="48.34" y="59.48" >Aug</text>
<text x="136.14" y="8.794" >Sep</text>
</g>
</g>
<g text-anchor="start" role='none'>
<text x="237.52" y="8.794" >Oct</text>
<text x="325.32" y="59.48" >Nov</text>
<text x="376.01" y="147.28" >Dec</text>
</g>
</g>
</pre>
<object type="image/svg+xml" data="img/monthsCircle.svg"></object>
</div>
-->
</div>
<table class="role-features">
<caption>Characteristics:</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Characteristic</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="role-abstract-head" scope="row">Is Abstract:</th>
<td class="role-abstract"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-parent-head" scope="row">Superclass Role:</th>
<td class="role-parent"><rref>group</rref></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-children-head" scope="row">Subclass Roles:</th>
<td class="role-children"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-base-head" scope="row">Base Concept:</th>
<td class="role-base"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-related-head" scope="row">Related Concepts:</th>
<td class="role-related">
<ul>
<li><rref>graphics-document</rref></li>
<li><rref>group</rref></li>
<li><rref>img</rref></li>
<li><rref>graphics-symbol</rref></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-scope-head" scope="row">Required Context Role:</th>
<td class="role-scope"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-mustcontain-head" scope="row">Required Owned Elements:</th>
<td class="role-mustcontain"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-required-properties-head">Required States and Properties:</th>
<td class="role-required-properties"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-properties-head" scope="row">Supported States and Properties:</th>
<td class="role-properties"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-inherited-head" scope="row">Inherited States and Properties:</th>
<td class="role-inherited"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-namefrom-head" scope="row">Name From:</th>
<td class="role-namefrom">
<ul>
<li>author</li>
<li>contents</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-namerequired-head" scope="row">Accessible Name Required:</th>
<td class="role-namerequired">False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-namerequired-inherited-head" scope="row">Inherits Name Required:</th>
<td class="role-namerequired-inherited"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-childpresentational-head" scope="row">Children Presentational:</th>
<td class="role-childpresentational">False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-presentational-inherited-head" scope="row">Inherits Presentational:</th>
<td class="role-presentational-inherited"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="implicit-values-head">Implicit Value for Role:</th>
<td class="implicit-values"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="role">
<rdef>graphics-symbol</rdef>
<div class="role-description">
<p>
A graphical object used to convey a simple meaning or category,
where the meaning is more important
than the particular visual appearance.
It may be a component of a larger structured graphic
such as a chart or map.
The symbol itself is an atomic object;
children are presentational.
</p>
<p>
When used as part of a structured symbolic language,
the <pref>aria-roledescription</pref> property
(introduced in ARIA 1.1 [[WAI-ARIA-1.1]])
can be used to name the symbol type
separately from the name and description
for the particular instance of the symbol.
</p>
<p class="note">
To support user agents and assistive technologies
based on the ARIA 1.0 specification,
authors may wish to include the <rref>img</rref> role
as a fallback value,
in the form <code>role="graphics-symbol img"</code>,
if that is not already the default semantic role for the element.
</p>
<pre class="example highlight">
<!-- Within an HTML document listing a restaurant menu -->
<h2>Appetizers</h2>
<ul>
<li> Spinach Salad with Strawberry & Almonds
<img role="graphics-symbol" title="Vegetarian" src="../assets/leaf.svg" />
<img role="graphics-symbol" title="Contains Nuts" src="../assets/peanut.svg" />
</li>
<li> Chicken Satay with Peanut Sauce
<img role="graphics-symbol" title="Contains Nuts" src="../assets/peanut.svg" />
</li>
<!-- … -->
</ul>
</pre>
<pre class="example highlight">
<!-- Within an SVG diagram of an electrical circuit -->
<g id="lightbulb-1" role="graphics-symbol img"
aria-roledescription="load"
aria-label="lightbulb"
aria-describedby="lightbulb-1-label"
aria-flowto="battery-1"
transform="translate(180,50)">
<text id="lightbulb-1-label"
x="-15" dy="0.5ex" text-anchor="end" >10W</text>
<circle r="10" />
<path d="M0,-10 C0,8 5,8 5,0 C5,-8 0,-8 0,10" />
</g>
<object type="image/svg+xml" data="img/circuit-diagram.svg" ></object>
</pre>
<pre class="example highlight">
<!-- Within an architectural blueprint-style SVG diagram -->
<g role="graphics-symbol img">
<title>Door</title>
<desc>on West side of South wall</desc>
<line stroke-width="8" stroke="white"
x1="50" y1="275" x2="150" y2="275"/>
<line stroke-width="4" stroke="#444"
x1="50" y1="275" x2="125" y2="225"/>
</g>
<!-- … -->
<use xlink:href="#outlet" role="graphics-symbol img"
x="5" y="130" width="40" height="40">
<title>Electrical outlet</title>
<desc>at center of West wall</desc>
</use>
<object type="image/svg+xml" data="img/blueprint.svg" ></object>
</pre>
</div>
<table class="role-features">
<caption>Characteristics:</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Characteristic</th>
<th scope="col">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th class="role-abstract-head" scope="row">Is Abstract:</th>
<td class="role-abstract"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-parent-head" scope="row">Superclass Role:</th>
<td class="role-parent"><rref>img</rref></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-children-head" scope="row">Subclass Roles:</th>
<td class="role-children"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-base-head" scope="row">Base Concept:</th>
<td class="role-base"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-related-head" scope="row">Related Concepts:</th>
<td class="role-related"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol">symbol</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-scope-head" scope="row">Required Context Role:</th>
<td class="role-scope"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-mustcontain-head" scope="row">Required Owned Elements:</th>
<td class="role-mustcontain"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-required-properties-head">Required States and Properties:</th>
<td class="role-required-properties"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-properties-head" scope="row">Supported States and Properties:</th>
<td class="role-properties"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-inherited-head" scope="row">Inherited States and Properties:</th>
<td class="role-inherited"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-namefrom-head" scope="row">Name From:</th>
<td class="role-namefrom">author</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-namerequired-head" scope="row">Accessible Name Required:</th>
<td class="role-namerequired">True</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-namerequired-inherited-head" scope="row">Inherits Name Required:</th>
<td class="role-namerequired-inherited"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-childpresentational-head" scope="row">Children Presentational:</th>
<td class="role-childpresentational">True</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="role-presentational-inherited-head" scope="row">Inherits Presentational:</th>
<td class="role-presentational-inherited"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th class="implicit-values-head">Implicit Value for Role:</th>
<td class="implicit-values"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</section>
<section id="role_other">
<h2>Other Roles for Graphics</h2>
<p> The following core ARIA roles, defined in ARIA 1.1 [[WAI-ARIA-1.1]], are also
relevant for annotating graphics:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<rref>img</rref> (image) defines a single graphic
that is perceived as an indivisible whole.
Unlike a <rref>graphics-document</rref>,
an image cannot have navigable or interactive child content.
Unlike a <rref>graphics-symbol</rref>,
an image may require a detailed text description
to fully convey its meaning to non-visual users.
</li>
<li>
<rref>figure</rref> defines a container element
for content (including graphics) that is a key part
of the containing document but is outside the
normal reading stream.
A figure will often contain one or more elements
with the <rref>img</rref> or <rref>graphics-document</rref> roles,
but may also contain text captions, credits, or other related content.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
The following examples demonstrate appropriate use of
<rref>img</rref>, <rref>figure</rref>, and <rref>graphics-document</rref>
in a document.
</p>
<div class="example">
<p>
Within an HTML 5 document, an inline SVG
may sometimes represent an atomic <code>img</code>.
If the graphics form part of the natural reading flow
of the text, then this role is sufficient, as in the first example: