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cap.c
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cap.c
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/****************************************************************
cap.c
Cut-and-Paste program. The code uses two windows (P and S) of
3-component waveforms to determined the moment tensor
M_ij = M0 * [ sqrt(1-iso*iso)*D_ij + sqrt(2/3)*iso*I_ij ],
where I_ij is the unit tensor and D_ij is a deviatoric tensor:
D_ij = (1/sqrt(1-2*clvd+4*clvd^2)*[(1-clvd)*DC_ij + clvd*CLVD_ij],
and
DC_ij = n_i v_j + n_j v_i,
CLVD_ij = v_i v_j + n_i n_j - 2 N_i N_j,
(n is the fault normal, v is the slip vector, N=nXv)
iso = tr(M)/M0/sqrt(6), -1<= iso <=1,
clvd = -m2/(2*m1), -0.5 <= clvd <=0.25,
where m1 is the largest positive eigenvalue of the deviatoric tensor
and m2 is the smallest in absolute value.
The solution is given in terms of Mw, strike, dip,
rake, iso, and clvd. The full moment tensor is also given in the
output file in the formate of
M0_in_dyncm Mxx Mxy Mxz Myy Myz Mzz
where x=North, y=East, z=Down.
For reference, see:
Zhu and Helmberger, Advancements in source estimation
techniques using broadband regional seismograms, BSSA, 86, 1634-1641, 1996.
Zhao and Helmberger, 1994
Ben-Zion and Zhu, 2012
Tape and Tape, 2012, 2013
requires:
Green's function -- has P and S arrival time set (t1 and t2 in SAC header)
optional:
Data -- P pick (A in SAC header) --> align with t1
-- Pnl window (t1 and t2)
-- P-SV, SH window (t3 and t4)
Modify history:
June 19, 1998 Lupei Zhu modified from srct.c
July 9, 1998 Lupei Zhu use different velocities for love and rayleigh
July 16, 1998 Lupei Zhu improve m0 estimation using parabola near mimimum
July 19, 1998 Lupei Zhu allow inputs for time shifts
July 26, 1998 Lupei Zhu taper waveforms (w=0.4)
Jan. 29, 1998 Lupei Zhu add option of repeat inversion after discard bad comp.
Nov. 9, 1999 Lupei Zhu absorb shft_pnl into constant shift
use rint() to convert float (t/dt) to int
Dec 2, 1999 Lupei Zhu taper waveform before conv() use w=0.3
Dec 27, 1999 Lupei Zhu compute windows using apparent Vp, Vs
June 28, 2000 Lupei Zhu switch to new greens function format
Feb 15, 2001 Lupei Zhu taper waveform after conv.
June 27, 2001 Lupei Zhu add fm_thr (firt-motion threshold)
July 16, 2001 Lupei Zhu add directivity option
Jan. 02, 2002 Lupei Zhu add an input for number of freedom per sec (nof_per_samp)
Oct. 31, 2002 Lupei Zhu use abolute time in the output sac files
July 18, 2003 Lupei Zhu use Butterworth filters to band-pass data
July 30, 2003 Lupei Zhu not absorb shft_pnl into constant shift
Aug. 18, 2003 Lupei Zhu normalize L2 of misfit by # of points
Aug. 21, 2003 Lupei Zhu tie SH and SV using variable tie (0-0.5)
Sep. 28, 2003 Lupei Zhu use P and S take-off angles in hd.user1/user2
Oct. 12, 2003 Lupei Zhu output other local minimums whose
misfit-min is less than mltp*sigma.
Apr. 06, 2004 Lupei Zhu allow inputing a SAC source time function src.sac
Sep. 06, 2004 Lupei Zhu make cap to run above the event_dir level
Jan. 28, 2007 Lupei Zhu use C-wrapped buttworth filtering subroutines.
Aug. 20, 2007 Lupei Zhu use SAC's Butterworth filter routines.
Jan. 28, 2008 Lupei Zhu include teleseismic P and SH in inversion (by setting W_PnlR<0).
The time windows of the z component and r/t components can be different
for both the data and Greens functions.
Mar. 11, 2010 Lupei Zhu Correct a bug when computing m0 using interpolation.
Change to no interpolation of FM untill the correct mw is found to avoid unstable interpolation in some cases.
Mar. 12, 2010 Lupei Zhu modified from cap.c by adding ISO.
June 10, 2010 Lupei Zhu Correct a bug introduced in Jan. 2008 which deleted
distance compensation and Pnl weighting of the
Greens functions.
Feb. 13, 2012 Lupei Zhu revise the decomposition of m_ij.
Mar. 2, 2012 Lupei Zhu correct a bug in using discard_bad_data().
Mar. 25, 2012 Lupei Zhu output misfit errors for bootstrapping.
Sept 13, 2012 Lupei Zhu correct a bug in iso interpolation.
Oct. 29, 2012 Lupei Zhu add CLVD and consolidate the searches for
mw, iso, and clvd.
Nov. 6, 2012 Lupei Zhu correct a bug in CLVD_ij (in radiats.c).
Known bugs:
****************************************************************/
#include "cap.h"
int total_n,loop=0,start=0,debug=0, Ncomp=0,Psamp[STN],Ssamp[STN],edep=-999;
float data2=0.0;
/* flags for computing uncertainty on the lune. 1==apply */
int only_first_motion=0; // polarity misfit. runs ONLY polarity, no waveform misfit
int misfit_on_lune=0; // waveform misfit. output misfit on the lune
char filename_prefix[255]; // used for all output files
/* workaround for filter issues with small magnitude events (Uturuncu) */
// this has not been tested with DIRECTIVITY option
int FTC_data=1, FTC_green=0;// for original CAP set FTC_data=0, FTC_green=0
/* allows use of polarities even when weight=0.
* Note CAP still needs at least 1 waveform for the inversion */
int skip_zero_weights=0; // for original CAP set skip_zero_weights=1
// Flag to create regular grid as in Alvizuri & Tape (2016) and Silwal & Tape (2016).
// NOTE reproducibility may not be exact since grid spacing uses function gridvec.
// Function gridvec does not implement the discretization of the previous version of
// cap.c which uses rules to account for special grid points.
// Function gridvec also avoids endpoints in all parameters.
// See NOTE flag LUNE_GRID_INSTEAD_OF_UV in function sub_inversion.c
int LUNE_GRID_INSTEAD_OF_UV = 0; // default = 0 (ie do not run old grid mode)
int main (int argc, char **argv) {
int i,j,k,k1,l,m,nda,npt,plot,kc,nfm,useDisp,dof,tele,indx,gindx,dis[STN],tsurf[STN],search_type,norm;
int n1,n2,ns, mltp, nup, up[3], n_shft, nqP, nqS,isurf=0,ibody=0,istat=0,Nsurf=0,Nbody=0,Nstat=0;
int win_len_Nsamp[2],n[NCP],max_shft[NCP],npts[NRC],stn_comp_CC[200][NCP];
int repeat;
char tmp[255],glib[128],dep[32],dst[16],eve[32],*c_pt;
float x,x1,x2,y,y1,amp,dt,rad[6],arad[4][3],fm_thr,tie,mtensor[3][3],rec2=0.,VR,evla,evlo,evdp;
float Pshift_max, Sshift_max, Sshift_static[STN];
float rms_cut[NCP], t0[NCP], tb[NRC], t1, t2, t3, t4, srcDelay;
float dtP_pick[STN];
float tshift_static_body = 0; //
float tshift_static_surf_rayl; // weight file col 12
float tshift_static_surf_love; // weight file col 13
float tshift_static_surf_rayl_input; // command line input
float shft0[STN][NCP]; //
float Pnl_win; //
float ts; // Surface arrival time
float surf_win; //
float P_pick[STN]; //
float P_win[STN]; //
float S_pick[STN]; //
float S_win[STN]; //
float S_shft[STN]; //
float fraction_before_P = 0.4; // seconds?
float fraction_before_S = 0.3; // seconds?
float stn_comp_log_amp[200][NCP];
float stn_comp_misfit[200][NCP];
float stn_comp_shift[200][NCP];
float max_amp_syn[200][NCP];
float max_amp_obs[200][NCP];
float log_amp_thresh;
float ppick[200];
float wt_pnl,wt_rayleigh,wt_love;
float tstarP, tstarS, attnP[NFFT], attnS[NFFT];
float *data[NRC], *green[NGR];
float bs_body,bs_surf,bs[NCP],weight,nof_per_samp;
float w_pnl[NCP];
float distance,dmin=100.,vp,vs1,vs2,depSqr=25;
float *data_obs, *data_syn; // save seismograms for plotting
float *f_pt,*f_pt0,*f_pt1;
float *pObs_ftc; // a copy of observed waveforms, used with FTC flags
float *g_pt; // for FTC_green
float pol_wt;
float pnl_reward, sw_reward;
int npt_data, offset_h=0;
GRID grid;
MTPAR mt[3];
COMP *spt;
DATA *obs, *obs0;
FM *fm, *fm0;
FM *fm_copy; /* copy of all first motions entered in weight file */
int nwaveforms=0; // print progress in reading seismograms
// dtP_pick[STN] was con_shft[STN] earlier
//fprintf(stderr,"\n----------------------------------------------------------\n");
fprintf(stderr,"\n==============================\n");
fprintf(stderr,"Initialize CAP and read data\n");
fprintf(stderr,"==============================\n");
// start random number generator (randvec function). See also cap.h
fprintf(stderr,"NOTE random seed = %d (randvec function)\n", RANDSEED);
// option 1 seed is user defined
srand(RANDSEED);
// option 2 seed using current time
//srand(time(NULL));
// variables for uniform MT
SEARCHPAR *searchPar = calloc(1, sizeof(SEARCHPAR));
// variables to verify that Mw_best is not near search limits
FILE * fid_warn; // output file for warnings
char out_best_sol[255]; // save best solution parameters
FILE * fid_best_sol;
SOLN sol;
SACHEAD hd[NRC];
FILE *f_out, *wt, *wt2, *wt3, *fid_srcfile, *f_tshift ;
float tau0, riseTime, *src;
char type[2] = {'B','P'}, proto[2] = {'B','U'};
double f1_pnl, f2_pnl, f1_sw, f2_sw;
float pnl_sn[30], pnl_sd[30], sw_sn[30], sw_sd[30];
long int order=4, nsects;
void principal_values(float *);
fprintf(stderr,"\nReading input parameters for inversion\n");
#ifdef DIRECTIVITY
int ns_pnl, ns_sw;
float *src_pnl, *src_sw;
float tau, faultStr, faultDip, rupDir, rupV, pVel, sVel, temp;
scanf("%f%f%f%f%f",&pVel,&sVel,&riseTime,&tau0,&rupDir);
rupDir *= DEG2RAD;
rupV = 0.8*sVel;
#endif
strcpy(eve,argv[1]);
strcpy(dep,argv[2]);
/* get station info and polarity */
FILE *fidfmp;
FMPDATA *fmpdata;
fmpdata = (FMPDATA *) malloc(sizeof(FMPDATA));
/****** input control parameters *************/
char mod_dep[255]="-999"; /* for renaming .out file */
char model[128];
int depth=-999;
scanf("%s %d",model, &depth); // velocity model name, and event depth
edep=depth;
// WRITE POLARITY AND STATION DATA
// This section was used in previous CAP with flag only_first_motion=1
// for generating polarity misfit on the lune (Uturuncu FMT paper).
// Now it's set to run for all inversions
char filename_fmpdata[255];
strcpy(fmpdata->evid, eve);
strcpy(fmpdata->vmod, model);
fmpdata->idep = depth;
sprintf(mod_dep,"%s_%s_%03d",fmpdata->evid, fmpdata->vmod, fmpdata->idep );
if (stat("./OUTPUT_DIR") == -1) {mkdir("./OUTPUT_DIR", 0755);} // create directory is it doesn't exist
sprintf(filename_prefix, "OUTPUT_DIR/%s_%s_%03d", fmpdata->evid, fmpdata->vmod, fmpdata->idep);
sprintf(filename_fmpdata, "%s_fmpdata.txt", filename_prefix);
fidfmp = fopen(filename_fmpdata, "w");
// end
scanf("%f%f%f%f%d%f%f%f",
&x1, // P window length in seconds (Note: for nearby stations window length is less than this)
&y1, // Surface window length in seconds
&Pshift_max, // allowable P time-shift in seconds
&Sshift_max, // allowable Surface time-shift in seconds
&repeat, // repeat inversion and discard bad trace (OBSOLETE)
&fm_thr, // first motion threshold
&tie, // tie shifts between Rayleigh and Love
&tshift_static_surf_rayl_input); // Surface wave static shift for all stations
if (repeat) for(j=0;j<NCP;j++) scanf("%f",rms_cut+4-j);
scanf("%f%f%f",
&vp, // apparent velocity for Pnl (see cap.pl for more info)
&vs1, // apparent velocity for Love
&vs2); // apparent velocity for Rayleigh
scanf("%f%f%f",
&bs_body, // distance scaling for body waves
&bs_surf, // distance scaling for surface waves
&nof_per_samp); // number of freedom for computing uncertainty (OBSOLETE)
scanf("%f%f%f",
&wt_pnl, // weight for Pnl
&wt_rayleigh, // weight for Rayleigh
&wt_love); // weight for Love
scanf("%d",&plot);
scanf("%d%f",
&useDisp, // to integrate (from velocity to disp)
&pol_wt); // relative weight for polarity misfit
scanf("%s",glib); // path to greens function library
scanf("%d",&search_type); // random or grid
scanf("%d",&norm); // L1 or L2 norm for waveform misfit
if (useDisp == 1) {
fprintf(stderr, "\nWARNING flag W1. Will convert velocity to displacement\n\n");
}
fprintf(stderr, "search type = %d, norm = %d\n", search_type, norm);
/*** input source functions and filters for pnl and sw ***/
scanf("%f",&dt); // sampling interval
if (dt>0.) {
scanf("%f%f",
&tau0, // duration of source-time function
&riseTime); // rise-time of source-time function
if ((src = trap(tau0, riseTime, dt, &ns)) == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr,"fail to make a trapzoid stf\n");
return -1;
}
srcDelay = 0.;
} else {
scanf("%s",tmp); scanf("%f",&riseTime);
if ((src = read_sac(tmp,hd)) == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr,"fail to read in source time: %s\n",tmp);
return -1;
}
dt = hd->delta;
ns = hd->npts;
srcDelay = -hd->b;
}
// write source function to a file
fid_srcfile = fopen("./OUTPUT_DIR/srcfile","wb");
for(i=0;i<=ns;i++) {
fprintf(fid_srcfile,"%f \t %f\n",((double)i*dt),src[i]);
}
fclose(fid_srcfile);
// filter bands for body and surface waves
scanf("%lf%lf%lf%lf",
&f1_pnl, // minimum period for body waves
&f2_pnl, // maximum period for body waves
&f1_sw, // minimum period for surface waves
&f2_sw); // maximum period for surface waves
if (f1_pnl>0.) design(order, type, proto, 1., 1., f1_pnl, f2_pnl, (double) dt, pnl_sn, pnl_sd, &nsects);
if (f1_sw>0.) design(order, type, proto, 1., 1., f1_sw, f2_sw, (double) dt, sw_sn, sw_sd, &nsects);
/** max. window length, shift, and weight for Pnl portion **/
win_len_Nsamp[0]=rint(x1/dt); // P window length in sample points
max_shft[3]=max_shft[4]=2*rint(Pshift_max/dt); // allowable P time-shift in sample points
w_pnl[3]=w_pnl[4]=wt_pnl; // weight for P waves (default = 2)
/** max. window length, shift, and weight for P-SV, SH **/
win_len_Nsamp[1]=rint(y1/dt); // P window length in sample points
max_shft[0]=max_shft[1]=max_shft[2]=2*rint(Sshift_max/dt); // allowable Surface time-shift in sample points
w_pnl[1]=w_pnl[2]=wt_rayleigh; // weight for rayleigh waves (default = 1)
w_pnl[0]=wt_love; // weight for love waves (default = 1)
/** begin -- get range of search parameters **/
fprintf(stderr, "\nInput parameter ranges \n");
// NOTE magnitude parameters include dMw and number of points
scanf("%f%f%d%f", &searchPar->mw1, &searchPar->mw2, &searchPar->nmw, &searchPar->dmw);
// (v, w, k, h, s) format: (start, end, number of points and grid spacings (for regular grid))
if(LUNE_GRID_INSTEAD_OF_UV == 1) {
fprintf(stderr,"WARNING. Using non uniform grid (gamma, delta) \n");
}
scanf("%f%f%d%d", &searchPar->v1, &searchPar->v2, &searchPar->nv, &searchPar->dv);
scanf("%f%f%d%d", &searchPar->w1, &searchPar->w2, &searchPar->nw, &searchPar->dw);
scanf("%f%f%d%d", &searchPar->k1, &searchPar->k2, &searchPar->nk, &searchPar->dk);
scanf("%f%f%d%d", &searchPar->h1, &searchPar->h2, &searchPar->nh, &searchPar->dh);
scanf("%f%f%d%d", &searchPar->s1, &searchPar->s2, &searchPar->ns, &searchPar->ds);
// initialize u. It's used internally so is not passed from cap.pl
searchPar->u1 = 0; searchPar->u2 = 0; searchPar->nu = 0; searchPar->du = 0;
// total number of solutions
scanf("%d", &searchPar->nsol);
// u = [0, 3pi/4], w = [-3pi/8, +3pi/8]. u, w have the same number of points.
searchPar->nu = searchPar->nw;
// output values
fprintf(stderr, "mw1= %6.3f mw2= %6.3f nmw= %d dmw= %6.3f\n", searchPar->mw1, searchPar->mw2, searchPar->nmw, searchPar->dmw);
fprintf(stderr, "v1= %11.6f v2= %11.6f nv= %10d dv= %10d\n", searchPar->v1, searchPar->v2, searchPar->nv, searchPar->dv);
fprintf(stderr, "w1= %11.6f w2= %11.6f nw= %10d dw= %10d\n", searchPar->w1, searchPar->w2, searchPar->nw, searchPar->dw);
fprintf(stderr, "k1= %11.6f k2= %11.6f nk= %10d dk= %10d\n", searchPar->k1, searchPar->k2, searchPar->nk, searchPar->dk);
fprintf(stderr, "h1= %11.6f h2= %11.6f nh= %10d dh= %10d\n", searchPar->h1, searchPar->h2, searchPar->nh, searchPar->dh);
fprintf(stderr, "s1= %11.6f s2= %11.6f ns= %10d ds= %10d\n", searchPar->s1, searchPar->s2, searchPar->ns, searchPar->ds);
fprintf(stderr, "\nNumber of solutions to prepare = %10d\n", searchPar->nsol);
// allocate memory for (strike, dip, rake)
// grid.err = (float *) malloc(grid.n[0]*grid.n[1]*grid.n[2]*sizeof(float));
grid.err = (float *) calloc(searchPar->nsol, sizeof(float));
if (grid.err == NULL ) {
fprintf(stderr,"fail to allocate memory for storing misfit errors\n");
return -1;
}
fprintf(stderr,"Allocating memory for moment tensors (nsol = %10d) ... ", searchPar->nsol);
ARRAYMT * arrayMT = calloc(searchPar->nsol, sizeof(ARRAYMT));
if (arrayMT == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr,"Abort. unable to allocate.\n");
return 0;
} else {
fprintf(stderr,"done.\n\n");
}
/** end -- get range of search parameters **/
#ifdef DIRECTIVITY
faultStr = grid.x0[0]*DEG2RAD;
faultDip = grid.x0[1]*DEG2RAD;
#endif
/** input number of stations **/
scanf("%d",&nda);
// Compute reward factors
// Reward for using longer time-windows and wider bandpass
pnl_reward = (x1*(f2_pnl-f1_pnl));
sw_reward = (y1*(f2_sw-f1_sw));
//pnl_reward = 1;
//sw_reward = 1;
fprintf(stderr, "Pnl reward: %f ; Sw reward: %f \n",pnl_reward, sw_reward);
if (nda > STN) {
fprintf(stderr,"number of station, %d, exceeds max., some stations are discarded\n",nda);
nda = STN;
}
obs = obs0 = (DATA *) malloc(nda*sizeof(DATA));
fm = fm0 = (FM *) malloc(3*nda*sizeof(FM));
/* used when not discarding stations with zero weight */
if (skip_zero_weights==0){
fm_copy = (FM *) malloc(nda*sizeof(FM));
}
if (obs == NULL || fm == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr,"fail to allocate memory for data\n");
return -1;
}
/**** loop over stations *****/
total_n = 0;
n_shft = 0;
nfm = 0;
fprintf(stderr,"Reading waveform data (nsta = %d) ... \n", nda);
for(i=0;i<nda;i++) {
nwaveforms++;
fprintf(stderr,"%d ", nwaveforms);
//-----------------------------------------------------------
// Read weight file
//-----------------------------------------------------------
// input station name and weighting factor
scanf("%s%s",tmp,dst);
for(nup=0,j=0;j<NCP;j++) {
scanf("%d",&obs->com[4-j].on_off); // weight for Pnl and Surface waves
nup += obs->com[4-j].on_off;
}
// arrival times, time windows, static shifts
scanf("%f %f %f %f %f %f",
&x1, // P arrival-time
&Pnl_win, // P window length
&ts, // Surface arrival time (same for both Rayleigh and Love)
&surf_win, // Surface window length
&tshift_static_surf_rayl, // Allow different tshifts for Rail, love
&tshift_static_surf_love); //
// use static shift from command line input if it is non-zero
// Note: In that case same static shift is applied to all stations
// XXX verify static shift
if (tshift_static_surf_rayl_input != 0) {
tshift_static_surf_rayl = tshift_static_surf_rayl_input;
}
// XXX chech if applied for surface only or the entire waveform
Sshift_static[i] = tshift_static_surf_rayl;
tsurf[i]=ts; // Surface arrival time
tele = 0;
bs[0] = bs[1] = bs[2] = bs_surf; // distance scaling for surface waves
bs[3] = bs[4] = bs_body; // distance scaling for body waves
if (obs->com[3].on_off<0) {
tele = 1;
tstarS = obs->com[1].on_off;
tstarP = obs->com[2].on_off;
obs->com[1].on_off = obs->com[2].on_off = obs->com[3].on_off = 0;
nup = obs->com[0].on_off + obs->com[4].on_off;
bs[0] = bs[1] = bs[2] = bs_body;
j = NFFT;
if (tstarP>0.) fttq_(&dt, &tstarP, &j, &nqP, attnP);
if (tstarS>0.) fttq_(&dt, &tstarS, &j, &nqS, attnS);
}
/* original code: remove current station if all weights==0 */
/* updated code: don't remove station */
if (skip_zero_weights==1){
if (nup==0) { /* skip this station */
nda--; i--;
continue;
}
}
/* up[i] unknown if not in weight file, so initialize*/
up[0] = 0;
up[1] = 0;
up[2] = 0;
nup = sscanf(tmp,"%[^/]/%d/%d/%d",obs->stn,&up[0],&up[1],&up[2]);
if ( fm_thr > 1 ) nup = 1;
/**************input waveforms************/
strcat(strcat(strcat(strcpy(tmp,eve),"/"),obs->stn), ".t");
c_pt = strrchr(tmp,(int) 't');
// Loop over components (NRC = 3)
// See here for more info on sac headers:
// https://ds.iris.edu/files/sac-manual/manual/file_format.html
for(j=0;j<NRC;j++){
*c_pt = cm[j]; // cm[NRC]={'t','r','z'};
if ((data[j] = read_sac(tmp,&hd[j])) == NULL) return -1;
tb[j] = hd[j].b-hd[j].o; // trace begining time - origin time
npts[j] = hd[j].npts; // number of sample points
}
obs->az = hd->az; // azimuth
obs->dist = distance = hd->dist; // distance
obs->tele = tele;
if (x1<=0.) x1 = hd[2].a; // P arrival time from 'z' component header
// (if not inputted in weight file)
x1 -= hd[2].o; // P arrival time - origin time
// shift relative to origin
if (tele && tshift_static_surf_rayl>0.) {
tshift_static_surf_rayl -= hd[0].o;
}
t1 = hd[2].t1-hd[2].o;
t2 = hd[2].t2-hd[2].o;
t3 = hd[0].t3-hd[0].o;
t4 = hd[0].t4-hd[0].o;
if (dst[0]=='0' && dst[1]=='\0')
snprintf(dst,10,"%1.0f", rint(obs->dist)); // if 0 distance given use the distance from header files
evla = hd->evla; // event latitude
evlo = hd->evlo; // event longitude
evdp = hd->evdp; // event depth
/**************compute source time function***********/
#ifdef DIRECTIVITY
temp = hd->az*DEG2RAD-faultStr;
temp = rupV*cos(temp)*cos(rupDir)-sin(temp)*sin(rupDir)*cos(faultDip);
tau = tau0*(1-temp/pVel);
src_pnl = trap(tau, riseTime, dt, &ns_pnl);
tau = tau0*(1-temp/sVel);
src_sw = trap(tau, riseTime, dt, &ns_sw);
if (src_pnl == NULL || src_sw == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "failed to make src for pnl or sw\n");
return -1;
}
fprintf(stderr,"station %s %5.1f tauS %5.1f\n",obs->stn,hd->az,tau);
#endif
/************input green's functions***********/
strcat(strcat(strcat(strcat(strcpy(tmp,glib),dep),"/"),dst),".grn.0");
c_pt = strrchr(tmp,(int) '0');
//fprintf(stderr, "NOTE: convolving greens function with src time function (trapezoid) tau0=dura=%f riseTime=%f \n", tau0, riseTime);
// WRITE POLARITY AND STATION DATA
// This section was used in previous CAP with flag only_first_motion=1
// for generating polarity misfit on the lune (Uturuncu FMT paper).
// Now it's set to run for all inversions
fmpdata->azim = hd->az; // azimuth (should be same as earlier)
strcpy(fmpdata->stname, obs->stn);
fmpdata->stlo = hd->stlo; // station longitude
fmpdata->stla = hd->stla; // station latitude
fmpdata->dist = hd->dist; // distance
obs->stla = hd->stla; // station latitude
obs->stlo = hd->stlo; // station longitude
// end
// Loop over greens function (NGR = 10)
for(j=0;j<NGR;j++) {
*c_pt = grn_com[j];
indx = 0; if (j>1) indx = 1; if (j>=kk[2]) indx=2;
if ((green[j] = read_sac(tmp,&hd[indx])) == NULL) return -1;
conv(src, ns, green[j], hd[indx].npts);
if (tele) {
if (tstarP>0. && j>=kk[2]) conv(attnP, nqP, green[j], hd[indx].npts);
if (tstarS>0. && j< kk[2]) conv(attnS, nqS, green[j], hd[indx].npts);
}
}
if (!tele) {hd[0].t2 = hd[2].t2; hd[0].user2 = hd[2].user2;}
/* generate first-motion polarity data */
// user1 = P take-off angle; user2 = S take-off angle (From greens function)
if (nup>1 && (hd[2].user1<0. || hd[0].user2<0.)) {
fprintf(stderr,"No P/S take-off angle in Greens' function %s\n",tmp);
} else {
obs->alpha = hd[2].user1;
for(j=1;j<nup;j++) {
/* type: 1=P; 2=SV; 3=SH; positive=up; negative=down */
fm->type = up[j-1];
fm->az = obs->az;
if (abs(fm->type)==1) fm->alpha = hd[2].user1;
else fm->alpha = hd[0].user2;
nfm++;
fm++;
}
}
/* make copy of station and polarity (if no polarity, set=0) */
/* note this is a workaround, only works with p-wave first motions */
/* type: 1=P; 2=SV; 3=SH; positive=up; negative=down */
if (skip_zero_weights==0){
fm_copy->type = up[0];
fm_copy->az = obs->az;
fm_copy->alpha = hd[2].user1;
fm_copy++;
}
// WRITE POLARITY AND STATION DATA
// This section was used in previous CAP with flag only_first_motion=1
// for generating polarity misfit on the lune (Uturuncu FMT paper).
// Now it's set to run for all inversions
fmpdata->pol = up[0]; // First motion polarity
fmpdata->toa = hd[2].user1; // P take-off angle
fmpdata->tp = hd[2].t1; // P arrival time
fmpdata->ts = hd[2].t2; // S arrival
// end
/*** calculate time shift needed to align data and syn approximately ****/
/* positive shift means synthetic is earlier */
dtP_pick[i] = -srcDelay; // srcDelay is 0 at this point (because dt > 0)
if ( x1 > 0.) { /* if first-arrival is specified */
// x1 = (User-defined Parrival time) - (origin time)
dtP_pick[i] += x1 - hd[2].t1; /* use it to align with greens' fn*/
// Greens functions origin time is always 0
// dtP_pick = (Data P arrival from weight file) - (synthetic Parrival from green function)
}
// align teleseismic S
if (tele && tshift_static_surf_rayl > x1 ) {
tshift_static_surf_rayl -= hd[0].t2 + dtP_pick[i];
}
// Change static shift when observed P arrival time is given
// otherwise the time-shift window becomes asymmetric
if (abs(dtP_pick[i]) > 0.) {
tshift_static_surf_rayl = tshift_static_surf_rayl - dtP_pick[i];
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------
/** calculate time windows for Pnl and Surface wave portions **/
/* for Pnl portion */
// t1 and t2 could be set in the data
// t1 - P arrival time (used for cutting P window)
// t2 - S arrival time (used for cutting S window)
if (t1 < 0 || t2 < 0 ) {
/* no time window in the data trace. use default time window in syn */
if (!tele && vp>0.) { // OPTIONAL : we haven't used this
/* use vp to compute t1 */
t1 = sqrt(distance*distance+depSqr)/vp;
}
else {
/* use tp as t1 */
// This is from green's functions header (in sec)
t1 = hd[2].t1;
}
// fraction_before_P governs the length of waveform before the parrival
// so that P window starts before the P arrival (flat line before P arrival)
t1 = t1 - fraction_before_P * win_len_Nsamp[0] * dt + dtP_pick[i];
/* ts plus some delay */
// OPTIONAL : we haven't used this
t2 = hd[0].t2 + 0.2*win_len_Nsamp[0]*dt + dtP_pick[i];
if (Pnl_win != 0) {
/* for specific length of time window */
// from -T flag of command line input (in sec)
t2 = t1 + Pnl_win;
}
/* 20170730 these outputs are mainly for debugging. disabled for now
* See also below for surface waves */
//fprintf(stderr,"WARNING ti<0 for SAC headers t1 and/or t2\n");
//fprintf(stderr,"Estimated new values: t1 %7.4f t2 %7.4f\n", t1, t2);
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------
/* do the same for the s/surface wave portion */
if (ts<=0.) {
/*if S wave arrival is not specified */
// get S arrival time from green's functions header
ts= hd[0].t2;
}
else {
fprintf(stderr,"WARNING arrival time for surface waves not specified\n");
}
if (t3 < 0 || t4 < 0 ) {
if (!tele && vs1>0. && vs2> 0.) {
// OPTIONAL : we haven't used this
// only if vs is specified (default vs1=vs2=-1)
t3 = sqrt(distance*distance+depSqr)/vs1 - 0.3*win_len_Nsamp[1]*dt;
t4 = sqrt(distance*distance+depSqr)/vs2 + 0.7*win_len_Nsamp[1]*dt;
}
else {
// if vp and vs are not input (see cap.pl)
t3 = ts - fraction_before_S * win_len_Nsamp[1] * dt;
t4 = t3 + win_len_Nsamp[1]*dt;
}
if (ts > 0.) {
/* if surface wave arrival time is given */
// XXX verify static shift
t3 += tshift_static_surf_rayl;
t4 += tshift_static_surf_rayl;
}
else {
/* add dtP_pick only if surf arrival time is not specified*/
// XXX verify static shift
t3 += dtP_pick[i] + tshift_static_surf_rayl;
t4 += dtP_pick[i] + tshift_static_surf_rayl;
fprintf(stderr,"%f %f %f %f\n",t3,t4,hd[0].t2,dtP_pick[i]);
}
/* for specific length of time window */
if (surf_win != 0) {
t4 = t3 + surf_win;
}
/* 20170730 these outputs are mainly for debugging. disabled for now
* See also above for body waves */
//fprintf(stderr,"WARNING ti<0 for SAC headers t3 and/or t4\n");
//fprintf(stderr,"Estimated new values: t3 %7.4f t4 %7.4f\n", t3, t4);
}
/*calculate the time windows */
n1 = rint((t2 - t1)/dt); /*Pnl*/
n2 = rint((t4 - t3)/dt); /*PSV/SH*/
if (n1>win_len_Nsamp[0]) n1=win_len_Nsamp[0];
if (n2>win_len_Nsamp[1]) n2=win_len_Nsamp[1];
/* storing in array so that later it could saved in weight_cap.dat ouput file */
P_pick[i] = t1;
P_win[i] = n1*dt;
S_pick[i] = t3;
S_win[i] = n2*dt;
S_shft[i] = tshift_static_surf_rayl;
dis[i]=atoi(dst);
Psamp[i] = n1;
Ssamp[i] = n2;
/***window data+Greens, do correlation and L2 norms **/
t0[0]=t3; /* love wave */
t0[1]=t0[2]=t4-n2*dt; /* rayleigh wave */
t0[3]=t0[4]=t1; /* Pnl */
n[0]=n[1]=n[2]=n2; n[3]=n[4]=n1;
shft0[i][0] = tshift_static_surf_love; // Surf transverse
shft0[i][1] = tshift_static_surf_rayl; // Surf radial
shft0[i][2] = tshift_static_surf_rayl; // Surf vertical
shft0[i][3] = tshift_static_body; // P radial
shft0[i][4] = tshift_static_body; // P vertical
if (obs->com[0].on_off>0) n_shft++;
if (obs->com[1].on_off>0 || obs->com[2].on_off>0) n_shft++;
if (obs->com[3].on_off>0 || obs->com[3].on_off>0) n_shft++;
isurf=0;
ibody=0;
istat=0;
for(spt=obs->com,kc=2,j=0;j<NCP;j++,spt++,kc=NRF) {
indx = kd[j];
gindx = kk[j];
if (tele) {
if (j==2) {indx=1; gindx=2;} /* no vertical S, use the radial */
if (j==3) {indx=2; gindx=kk[2];} /* no radial P, use the vertical */
}
spt->npt = npt = n[j];
spt->b = t0[j];
// Caution: This weight scales the amplitude of waveforms. w_pnl = 1 ALWAYS (make changes in cap.pl)
weight = pow(distance/dmin,bs[j]);
// multiply -Dflag to the weights
spt->on_off = (int)spt->on_off * w_pnl[j];
// multiple weights by reward factors
// Add reward factor to each component
if (j<3) {
spt->on_off = spt->on_off;
spt->rew = sw_reward;
}
else {
spt->on_off = spt->on_off;
spt->rew = pnl_reward;
}
if (spt->on_off) {
total_n+=npt;
Ncomp += spt->on_off;
} // Ncomp = number of all the components
// count number of surface and body wave components
if (j<3) {
if (spt->on_off >= 1) isurf ++;
}
else {
if (spt->on_off >= 1) ibody ++;
}
istat += spt->on_off;
// FILTER & CUTTING FOR OBSERVED WAVEFORMS
// filter then cut
if(FTC_data == 1) {
npt_data = npts[indx]-offset_h;
// prepare the whole waveform, then taper it
pObs_ftc = cutTrace(data[indx], npts[indx], offset_h, npt_data);
taper(pObs_ftc, npt_data);
if (pObs_ftc == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "fail to window the data\n");
return -1;
}
}
// cut then filter
else {
// prepare a window of the waveform, then taper it
f_pt = cutTrace(data[indx], npts[indx], (int) rint((t0[j]-tb[indx])/dt), npt);
taper(f_pt, npt);
if (f_pt == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "fail to window the data\n");
return -1;
}
spt->rec = f_pt;
}
if (j<3) {
// surface waves
if (f1_sw>0.) {
// filter then cut
if(FTC_data == 1) {
// filter the whole waveform, then cut and taper it
apply(pObs_ftc,(long int) npt_data, 0,sw_sn,sw_sd,nsects);
f_pt = cutTrace(pObs_ftc, npt_data, (int) rint((t0[j]-tb[indx])/dt), npt);
taper(f_pt, npt);
spt->rec = f_pt;
}
// cut then filter
else {
// filter a window of the waveform
apply(f_pt,(long int) npt,0,sw_sn,sw_sd,nsects);
}
}
}
else {
// body waves
if (f1_pnl>0.) {
// filter then cut
if(FTC_data == 1) {
// filter the whole waveform, then cut and taper it
apply(pObs_ftc,(long int) npt_data, 0,pnl_sn,pnl_sd,nsects);
f_pt = cutTrace(pObs_ftc, npt_data, (int) rint((t0[j]-tb[indx])/dt), npt);
taper(f_pt, npt);
spt->rec = f_pt;
}
// cut then filter
else {
// filter a window of the waveform
apply(f_pt,(long int) npt,0,pnl_sn,pnl_sd,nsects);
}
}
}
// NOTE convert to displacement!
if (useDisp == 1) {
cumsum(f_pt, npt, dt);
}
// Compute Data norm
for(x2=0.,l=0;l<npt;l++,f_pt++) {
*f_pt *= weight;
x2+=(*f_pt)*(*f_pt);
}
spt->rec2 = x2;
if (norm==1) x2 = sqrt(x2);
rec2 += spt->on_off*x2/(spt->npt * spt->rew);
// FILTER & CUTTING FOR GREENS FUNCTIONS
for(m=0,k=0;k<kc;k++) {
// filter then cut
if(FTC_green == 1) {
// prepare the whole waveform, then taper it
g_pt = cutTrace(green[gindx+k], hd[indx].npts, 0, hd[indx].npts);
taper(g_pt, hd[indx].npts);
if ( g_pt == NULL ) {
fprintf(stderr, "fail to window the Greens functions\n");
return -1;
}
}
// cut then filter
else {
// prepare a window of the waveform, then taper it
f_pt = cutTrace(green[gindx+k], hd[indx].npts, (int) rint((t0[j]-dtP_pick[i]-shft0[i][j]-hd[indx].b)/dt), npt);
taper(f_pt, npt);
if ( f_pt == NULL ) {
fprintf(stderr, "fail to window the Greens functions\n");
return -1;
}
spt->syn[k] = f_pt;
}
if (j<3) {
#ifdef DIRECTIVITY
conv(src_sw, ns_sw, f_pt, npt);
#endif
if (f1_sw>0.) {
// filter then cut
if(FTC_green){
// filter the whole waveform, then cut and taper it
apply(g_pt,(long int) hd[indx].npts, 0,sw_sn,sw_sd,nsects);
f_pt = cutTrace(g_pt, hd[indx].npts, (int) rint((t0[j]-dtP_pick[i]-shft0[i][j]-hd[indx].b)/dt), npt);
taper(f_pt, npt);
spt->syn[k] = f_pt;
}
// cut then filter
else {
// filter a window of the waveform
apply(f_pt,(long int) npt,0,sw_sn,sw_sd,nsects);
taper(f_pt, npt);
}
}
}
else {
#ifdef DIRECTIVITY
conv(src_pnl, ns_pnl, f_pt, npt);
#endif
if (f1_pnl>0.) {
// filter then cut
if(FTC_green){
// filter the whole waveform, then cut and taper it
apply(g_pt,(long int) hd[indx].npts, 0,pnl_sn,pnl_sd,nsects);
f_pt = cutTrace(g_pt, hd[indx].npts, (int) rint((t0[j]-dtP_pick[i]-shft0[i][j]-hd[indx].b)/dt), npt);
taper(f_pt, npt);
spt->syn[k] = f_pt;
}
// cut then filter
else {
// filter a window of the waveform
apply(f_pt,(long int) npt,0,pnl_sn,pnl_sd,nsects);
taper(f_pt, npt);
}
}
}
// NOTE convert to displacement!
if (useDisp == 1) {
cumsum(f_pt, npt, dt);
}
for(l=0;l<npt;l++) f_pt[l] *= weight;
spt->crl[k] = crscrl(npt,spt->rec,f_pt,max_shft[j]);
for(x=1.,k1=k;k1>=0;k1--,x=2.) {
f_pt0=spt->syn[k];
f_pt1=spt->syn[k1];
for(x2=0.,l=0;l<npt;l++) {
x2+=(*f_pt0++)*(*f_pt1++);
}
spt->syn2[m++] = x*x2;
}
}
//fprintf(stderr, "%s %e %e\n",obs->stn, spt->rec2, spt->syn2[j]);
// fprintf(stderr, "%d %d %d %d \n",ibody,Nbody,isurf,Nsurf);
} // end of loop over components
Nsurf += isurf;
Nbody += ibody;
Nstat += (istat>0);
obs++;
for(j=0;j<NRC;j++) free(data[j]);
for(j=0;j<NGR;j++) free(green[j]);
// WRITE POLARITY AND STATION DATA
// This section was used in previous CAP with flag only_first_motion=1
// for generating polarity misfit on the lune (Uturuncu FMT paper).
// Now it's set to run for all inversions
fmp_print_parameters(fidfmp, fmpdata);
} /*********end of loop over stations ********/
fprintf(stderr,"\nDone reading waveforms.\n\n");
// WRITE POLARITY AND STATION DATA
// This section was used in previous CAP with flag only_first_motion=1
// for generating polarity misfit on the lune (Uturuncu FMT paper).
// Now it's set to run for all inversions
//fmp_print_parameters(fidfmp, fmpdata);
fclose(fidfmp);
free(fmpdata);
// end
fprintf(stderr,"Total number of stations Nda= %d\n", nda);
fprintf(stderr,"Total number of components Ncomp= %d\n", Ncomp);
fprintf(stderr,"Total body wave components Nbody= %d\n", Nbody);
fprintf(stderr,"Total surf wave components Nsurf= %d\n", Nsurf);
fprintf(stderr,"Total Nstat= %d\n",Nstat);
data2=rec2/Ncomp;
if (nda < 1) {
fprintf(stderr,"No station available for inversion\n");
return -1;
}
INVERSION:
// call initSearchMT instead of "error". This call includes extra parameters (searchPar, arrayMT)
sol = initSearchMT(nda,obs0,nfm,fm0,fm_thr,max_shft,tie,mt,grid,0,search_type,norm, searchPar, arrayMT, pol_wt);
dof = nof_per_samp*total_n;
x2 = sol.wferr/dof; /* data variance */
//fprintf(stderr,"\n=========total_n=%d \t dof=%d \t error=%f\t nof=%f===========\n",total_n,dof,sol.err, nof_per_samp);
/* repeat grid search if needed */
if ( repeat && discard_bad_data(nda,obs0,sol,x2,rms_cut) ) {
repeat--;
goto INVERSION;
}
//Compute variance reduction
if (norm==1)
VR = 100*(1.-(sol.err)*(sol.err));
if (norm==2)
VR = 100*(1.-sol.err);
/***** output waveforms for both data and synthetics ****/
i = win_len_Nsamp[1]; if(win_len_Nsamp[0]>i) i=win_len_Nsamp[0];
data_obs = (float *) malloc(i*sizeof(float));
data_syn = (float *) malloc(i*sizeof(float));
if ((data_obs == NULL) || (data_syn == NULL)) {
fprintf(stderr,"Failed to allocate memory for seismogram output.\n");
return -1;
}
/**************output the results***********************/
// Stop if the best magnitude is at a boundary. Except for a point search.