class: TaxonConcept

[nielsklazenga]

TaxonConcept (class)

Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/tcs/terms/TaxonConcept
Type	http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Class
Label	Taxon Concept
Definition	An identifiable taxonomic position that can be aligned to other such positions through TCS concept mapping relationships.
Usage	A TaxonConcept MUST have taxonName and accordingTo properties.

Comments

A taxonomic position is an opinion about the definition of a taxonomic group. A Taxon Concept is identifiable, because it combines a label – taxonName in TCS – with a source – accordingTo. Both the taxonName and accordingTo properties are required on a tcs:TaxonConcept. When mentioning a taxon concept, the label and the source are combined, separated by 'sec.' (from, 'secundus', meaning 'according to') or 'sensu' (meaning the same). The term dcterms:title has been borrowed from Dublin Core to provide this taxon concept label. Because of the context provided by the source, taxon concepts are in principle also alignable to other Taxon Concepts using TCS concept mapping statements. The concept mapping properties in TCS are isCongruentWith, includes, isIncludedIn, partiallyOverlaps, isDisjointFrom and intersects. These properties can be used directly on a TaxonConcept object or as the value of the tcs:mappingRelation property in a tcs:TaxonConceptMapping object.

The TCS Taxon Concept is applied more broadly than the term is used in science (e.g. Franz & Peet 2009 [franz_perspectives_2009]). On the one hand, things that are not generally considered to be biological taxa, e.g. hybrids and cultivars, can be casted as TCS Taxon Concepts. Also Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) [sokal_principles_1963] can be exchanged as Taxon Concepts, if there is a reason to do so, e.g. if one wants to align them with other Taxon Concepts later. On the other hand, entries from treatments that are considered to cite concepts from other treatments can be formulated as Taxon Concepts. Every taxon concept from a treatment that is likely to be referenced as the source of taxonomic context, for example a field guide for a determination of a specimen or a national census for an ecological study, can – and it would be very nice if they would – be stated as a Taxon Concept, so they can be aligned with other Taxon Concepts that may provide more or different taxonomic context.

By contrast, entries in the nomenclature section of treatments ('TaxonomicNameUsage's sensu Senderov et al. 2018 [senderov_openbiodiv-o_2018]) and in lists of nomenclatural types are not Taxon Concepts.

Examples

[] a tcs:TaxonConcept ;
    dcterms:title "Dicranoloma blumei sec. Klazenga 1999" ;
    tcs:accordingTo <https://www.tropicos.org/reference/9020903> 
    tcs:taxonName <https://www.tropicos.org/name/35121475> .

<https://www.tropicos.org/name/35121475> a tcs:TaxonName ;
    tcs:taxonNameString "Dicranoloma blumei" ;
    dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "(Nees) Renauld" .

<https://www.tropicos.org/reference/9020903> a bibo:AcademicArticle ;
    dcterms:bibliographicCitation """Klazenga, N. (1999). A revision of the 
            Malesian species of Dicranoloma (Dicranaceae, Musci). Journal of the 
            Hattori Botanical Laboratory 87: 1-130.""" .

[TaxonConcept-example-1.ttl] [TaxonConcept-example-1.jsonld]

[] a tcs:TaxonConcept ;
    dcterms:title "Orthetrum caledonicum sec. Theischinger and Hawking 2010" ;
    tcs:accordingTo <urn:isbn:978-0-643-09073-6> ;
    tcs:taxonName [ a tcs:TaxonName ; 
            tcs:taxonNameString "Orthetrum caledonicum" ] ;
    tcs:vernacularName [ a tcs:TaxonName ;
            tcs:taxonNameString "Blue Skimmer" ] .

<urn:isbn:978-0-643-09073-6> a bibo:Book ;
    dcterms:bibliographicCitation """Theischinger, G.; Hawking, J. (2010). 
            The complete field guide to dragonflies of Australia. CSIRO 
            Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.""" .

[TaxonConcept-example-2.ttl] [TaxonConcept-example-2.jsonld]

[] a tcs:TaxonConcept ;
    dcterms:title "Calymperes moluccense sec. Yong et al. 2013" ;
    tcs:accordingTo <urn:isbn:978-967-5221-99-6> ;
    tcs:taxonName <https://www.tropicos.org/name/35153806> .

<https://www.tropicos.org/name/35153806> a tcs:TaxonName ;
    tcs:taxonNameString "Calymperes moluccense" ;
    dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Schwägr." .

<urn:isbn:978-967-5221-99-6> a bibo:Book ;
    dcterms:bibliographicCitation """Yong, K.T.; Tan, B.C.; Ho, B.C.; Ho, Q.Y.; 
            Mohamed, H. (2013). A revised Moss Checklist of Peninsular Malaysia 
            and Singapore. Research Pamphlet no. 133, Forest Research Institute 
            Malaysia, Kepong, Malaysia.""" .

[TaxonConcept-example-3.ttl] [TaxonConcept-example-3.jsonld]

<https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:105644-1> a tcs:TaxonConcept ;
    dcterms:title "Begonia salaziensis sec. POWO 2022" ;
    tcs:accordingTo <urn:lsid:ipni.org:publications:17755-2> ;
    tcs:taxonName <https://www.ipni.org/n/105644-1> .

<https://www.ipni.org/n/105644-1> a tcs:TaxonName ;
    tcs:taxonNameString "Begonia salaziensis" ; 
    dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Warb." ;
    dwc:namePublishedIn "Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] iii. 6 a. (1894) 139." .

<urn:lsid:ipni.org:publications:17755-2> a bibo:Book ;
    dcterms:bibliographicCitation """Govaerts, R. (1996). World Checklist of Seed Plants 2(1, 2): 
            1-492. MIM, Deurne.""" .

[TaxonConcept-example-4.ttl] [TaxonConcept-example-4.jsonld]

<https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/KF8T#v2022-11-14> a tcs:TaxonConcept ;
    dcterms:title "Balaenoptera musculus sec. Catalogue of Life 2022-11-14" ;
    tcs:accordingTo <https://www.catalogueoflife.org#v2022-11-14> ;
    tcs:taxonName [ a tcs:TaxonName ;
            tcs:taxonNameString "Balaenoptera musculus" ;
            dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "(Linnaeus, 1758)" ] .

<https://www.catalogueoflife.org#v2022-11-14> a bibo:Website ;
    dcterms:isVersionOf "https://www.catalogueoflife.org" ;
    dcterms:title "Catalogue of Life, version 2022-11-14" ;
    bibo:uri "https://www.catalogueoflife.org" .

[TaxonConcept-example-5.ttl] [TaxonConcept-example-5.jsonld]

# Species Hypothesis (SH) from UNITE

<https://doi.plutof.ut.ee/doi/10.15156/BIO/SH1109146.09FU> a tcs:TaxonConcept ;
    tcs:taxonName [ a skosxl:Label ;
        skosxl:literalForm "SH1109146.09FU" ] ;
    tcs:accordingTo <https://unite.ut.ee> ;
    tcs:isIncludedIn <https://doi.plutof.ut.ee/doi/10.15156/BIO/TH077737> .

<https://doi.plutof.ut.ee/doi/10.15156/BIO/TH077737> a tcs:TaxonConcept ;
    tcs:accordingTo <https://unite.ut.ee> ;
    tcs:taxonName <https://www.indexfungorum.org/names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=17175> .

<https://www.indexfungorum.org/names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=17175> a tcs:TaxonNAme ;
    tcs:taxonNameString "Boletus" ;
    dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "L" ;
    dwc:namePublishedIn "Sp. pl. 2: 1176" ;
    dwc:namePublishedInYear "1753" .

<https://unite.ut.ee> a bibo:Website ;
    dcterms:title """UNITE: rDNA ITS based identification of Eukaryotes and 
            their communication via DOIs""" ;
    bibo:uri "https://unite.ut.ee" .

[TaxonConcept-example-6.ttl] [TaxonConcept-example-6.jsonld]

<https://avibase.ca/E0E4DFB8> a tcs:TaxonConcept ;
    tcs:accordingTo <https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org> ;
    tcs:taxonName: [ a tcs:TaxonName ;
            tcs:taxonNameString "Acrocephalus sechellensis" ;
            dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "(Oustalet, J-FÉ 1877)" ;
            tcs:basionym [ a tcs:TaxonName ;
                    tcs:taxonNameString "Ellisia sechellensis" ;
                    dwc:scientificNameAuthorship "Oustalet, J-FÉ 1877" ;
                    dwc:namePublishedIn "Bull. (Sci.) Soc. Philomath. [Paris] (7), 1 p.103" ;
                    dwc:namePublishedInYear "1877" ]] ;
    tcs:vernacularName [ a <http://rs.gbif.org/terms/1.0/VernacularName> ;
            dwc:vernacularName "Seychelles Warbler" ;
            dcterms:language "en" ] .

[TaxonConcept-example-7.ttl] [TaxonConcept-example-7.jsonld]

Mapping

TCS 1	DataSet/TaxonConcepts/TaxonConcept
TDWG Ontology	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonConcept#TaxonConcept
Darwin Core	—

[nielsklazenga]

Prior discussion in #1, which has now been decomposed into TaxonConcept (#213), TaxonomicTreatment (#214) and TaxonNameUsage (#51).