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+---
+title: 窗口菜单
+tableOfContents:
+ maxHeadingLevel: 4
+i18nReady: true
+---
+
+import { Tabs, TabItem } from '@astrojs/starlight/components';
+
+原生应用程序菜单可附加到窗口或系统托盘。仅适用于桌面平台。
+
+## 创建一个基础菜单
+
+要创建一个基础的本机窗口菜单，并将其附加到一个窗口。
+
+
+
+
+使用 [`Menu.new`] 静态函数创建一个窗口菜单。
+
+```javascript
+import { Menu } from '@tauri-apps/api/menu';
+
+const menu = await Menu.new({
+ items: [
+ {
+ id: 'quit',
+ text: 'Quit',
+ action: () => {
+ console.log('quit pressed');
+ },
+ },
+ ],
+});
+
+// 如果某个窗口未显式创建菜单，或者未显式设置菜单，那么此菜单将被分配给它。
+menu.setAsAppMenu().then((res) => {
+ console.log('menu set success', res);
+});
+```
+
+
+
+
+
+```rust
+#![cfg_attr(not(debug_assertions), windows_subsystem = "windows")]
+use tauri::menu::{Menu, MenuItem};
+
+fn main() {
+ tauri::Builder::default()
+ .setup(|app| {
+ let menu = MenuBuilder::new(app)
+ .text("open", "Open")
+ .text("close", "Close")
+ .build()?;
+
+ app.set_menu(menu)?;
+
+ Ok(())
+ })
+}
+```
+
+
+
+
+## 监听自定义菜单项上事件
+
+每个自定义菜单项在被点击时都会触发一个事件。使用 `on_menu_event` API 来处理这些事件。
+
+
+
+
+```javascript
+import { Menu } from '@tauri-apps/api/menu';
+
+const menu = await Menu.new({
+ items: [
+ {
+ id: 'Open',
+ text: 'open',
+ action: () => {
+ console.log('open pressed');
+ },
+ },
+ {
+ id: 'Close',
+ text: 'close',
+ action: () => {
+ console.log('close pressed');
+ },
+ },
+ ],
+});
+
+await menu.setAsAppMenu();
+```
+
+
+
+
+
+```rust
+#![cfg_attr(not(debug_assertions), windows_subsystem = "windows")]
+use tauri::menu::{MenuBuilder};
+
+fn main() {
+ tauri::Builder::default()
+ .setup(|app| {
+ let menu = MenuBuilder::new(app)
+ .text("open", "Open")
+ .text("close", "Close")
+ .build()?;
+
+ app.set_menu(menu)?;
+
+ app.on_menu_event(move |app_handle: &tauri::AppHandle, event| {
+
+ println!("menu event: {:?}", event.id());
+
+ match event.id().0.as_str() {
+ "open" => {
+ println!("open event");
+ }
+ "close" => {
+ println!("close event");
+ }
+ _ => {
+ println!("unexpected menu event");
+ }
+ }
+ });
+
+ Ok(())
+ })
+}
+```
+
+
+
+
+## 创建多级菜单
+
+要创建多级菜单，您可以向菜单项添加一些子菜单。
+
+
+
+
+```javascript
+#![cfg_attr(not(debug_assertions), windows_subsystem = "windows")]
+
+use tauri::{image::Image, menu::{CheckMenuItemBuilder, IconMenuItemBuilder, MenuBuilder, SubmenuBuilder}};
+
+fn main() {
+ tauri::Builder::default()
+ .setup(|app| {
+ let text_menu = SubmenuBuilder::new(app, "File")
+ .text("open", "Open")
+ .text("quit", "Quit")
+ .build()?;
+
+ let lang_str = "en";
+ let check_sub_item_1 = CheckMenuItemBuilder::new("English")
+ .id("en")
+ .checked(lang_str == "en")
+ .build(app)?;
+
+ let check_sub_item_2 = CheckMenuItemBuilder::new("Chinese")
+ .id("en")
+ .checked(lang_str == "en")
+ .enabled(false)
+ .build(app)?;
+
+ let icon_image = Image::from_bytes(include_bytes!("../icons/icon.png")).unwrap();
+
+ let icon_item = IconMenuItemBuilder::new("icon")
+ .icon(icon_image)
+ .build(app)?;
+
+ let check_menus = SubmenuBuilder::new(app, "language")
+ .item(&check_sub_item_1)
+ .item(&check_sub_item_2)
+ .build()?;
+
+
+ let menu = MenuBuilder::new(app)
+ .items(&[&text_menu, &check_menus, &icon_item])
+ .build()?;
+
+ app.set_menu(menu)?;
+
+ print!("Hello from setup");
+ Ok(())
+ })
+ .run(tauri::generate_context!())
+ .expect("error while running tauri application");
+}
+```
+
+
+
+
+
+```rust
+use tauri::menu::{CheckMenuItemBuilder, MenuBuilder, SubmenuBuilder};
+
+fn main() {
+ tauri::Builder::default()
+ .setup(|app| {
+ let file_menu = SubmenuBuilder::new(app, "File")
+ .text("open", "Open")
+ .text("quit", "Quit")
+ .build()?;
+
+ let lang_str = "en";
+ let check_sub_item_1 = CheckMenuItemBuilder::new("English")
+ .id("en")
+ .checked(lang_str == "en")
+ .build(app)?;
+
+ let check_sub_item_2 = CheckMenuItemBuilder::new("Chinese")
+ .id("en")
+ .checked(lang_str == "en")
+ .enabled(false)
+ .build(app)?;
+
+ // 从路径加载图标
+ let icon_image = Image::from_bytes(include_bytes!("../icons/icon.png")).unwrap();
+
+ let icon_item = IconMenuItemBuilder::new("icon")
+ .icon(icon_image)
+ .build(app)?;
+
+ let other_item = SubmenuBuilder::new(app, "language")
+ .item(&check_sub_item_1)
+ .item(&check_sub_item_2)
+ .build()?;
+
+ let menu = MenuBuilder::new(app)
+ .items(&[&file_menu, &other_item,&icon_item])
+ .build()?;
+
+ app.set_menu(menu)?;
+
+ Ok(())
+ })
+}
+```
+
+请注意，您需要启用 `image-ico` 或 `image-png` 功能才能使用此 API。
+
+```toml title="src-tauri/Cargo.toml"
+[dependencies]
+tauri = { version = "...", features = ["...", "image-png"] }
+```
+
+
+
+
+## 创建预定义菜单
+
+若要使用由操作系统或 Tauri 预先定义了行为的内置（原生）菜单项。
+
+
+
+
+```javascript
+import { Menu, PredefinedMenuItem } from '@tauri-apps/api/menu';
+
+const copy = await PredefinedMenuItem.new({
+ text: 'copy-text',
+ item: 'Copy',
+});
+
+const separator = await PredefinedMenuItem.new({
+ text: 'separator-text',
+ item: 'Separator',
+});
+
+const undo = await PredefinedMenuItem.new({
+ text: 'undo-text',
+ item: 'Undo',
+});
+
+const redo = await PredefinedMenuItem.new({
+ text: 'redo-text',
+ item: 'Redo',
+});
+
+const cut = await PredefinedMenuItem.new({
+ text: 'cut-text',
+ item: 'Cut',
+});
+
+const paste = await PredefinedMenuItem.new({
+ text: 'paste-text',
+ item: 'Paste',
+});
+
+const select_all = await PredefinedMenuItem.new({
+ text: 'select_all-text',
+ item: 'SelectAll',
+});
+
+const menu = await Menu.new({
+ items: [copy, separator, undo, redo, cut, paste, select_all],
+});
+
+await menu.setAsAppMenu();
+```
+
+
+
+
+
+```rust
+#![cfg_attr(not(debug_assertions), windows_subsystem = "windows")]
+use tauri::menu::{MenuBuilder, PredefinedMenuItem};
+
+fn main() {
+ tauri::Builder::default()
+ .setup(|app| {
+ let menu = MenuBuilder::new(app)
+ .copy()
+ .separator()
+ .undo()
+ .redo()
+ .cut()
+ .paste()
+ .select_all()
+ .item(&PredefinedMenuItem::copy(app, Some("custom text"))?)
+ .build()?;
+ app.set_menu(menu)?;
+
+ Ok(())
+ })
+}
+```
+
+有关更多预设功能，请参阅文档 [`PredefinedMenuItem`]。
+
+:::tip
+菜单构建器为添加每个预定义的菜单项都设有专门的方法，因此您可以调用 `.copy()` 替代 `.item(&PredefinedMenuItem::copy(app, None)?)`。
+:::
+
+
+
+
+## 更改菜单状态
+
+如果您想要更改菜单的状态，例如文本、图标或选中状态，可以再次使用 `set_menu`。
+
+
+
+
+```javascript
+import {
+ Menu,
+ CheckMenuItem,
+ IconMenuItem,
+ MenuItem,
+} from '@tauri-apps/api/menu';
+import { Image } from '@tauri-apps/api/image';
+
+let currentLanguage = 'en';
+
+const check_sub_item_en = await CheckMenuItem.new({
+ id: 'en',
+ text: 'English',
+ checked: currentLanguage === 'en',
+ action: () => {
+ currentLanguage = 'en';
+ check_sub_item_en.setChecked(currentLanguage === 'en');
+ check_sub_item_zh.setChecked(currentLanguage === 'cn');
+ console.log('English pressed');
+ },
+});
+
+const check_sub_item_zh = await CheckMenuItem.new({
+ id: 'zh',
+ text: 'Chinese',
+ checked: currentLanguage === 'zh',
+ action: () => {
+ currentLanguage = 'zh';
+ check_sub_item_en.setChecked(currentLanguage === 'en');
+ check_sub_item_zh.setChecked(currentLanguage === 'zh');
+ check_sub_item_zh.setAccelerator('Ctrl+L');
+ console.log('Chinese pressed');
+ },
+});
+
+// 从路径加载图标
+const icon = await Image.fromPath('../src/icon.png');
+const icon2 = await Image.fromPath('../src/icon-2.png');
+
+const icon_item = await IconMenuItem.new({
+ id: 'icon_item',
+ text: 'Icon Item',
+ icon: icon,
+ action: () => {
+ icon_item.setIcon(icon2);
+ console.log('icon pressed');
+ },
+});
+
+const text_item = await MenuItem.new({
+ id: 'text_item',
+ text: 'Text Item',
+ action: () => {
+ text_item.setText('Text Item Changed');
+ console.log('text pressed');
+ },
+});
+
+const menu = await Menu.new({
+ items: [
+ {
+ id: 'change menu',
+ text: 'change_menu',
+ items: [text_item, check_sub_item_en, check_sub_item_zh, icon_item],
+ },
+ ],
+});
+
+await menu.setAsAppMenu();
+```
+
+
+
+
+
+```rust
+// 更改菜单状态
+#![cfg_attr(not(debug_assertions), windows_subsystem = "windows")]
+
+use tauri::{
+ image::Image,
+ menu::{CheckMenuItemBuilder, IconMenuItem, MenuBuilder, MenuItem, SubmenuBuilder},
+};
+
+fn main() {
+ tauri::Builder::default()
+ .setup(|app| {
+ let check_sub_item_en = CheckMenuItemBuilder::with_id("en", "EN")
+ .checked(true)
+ .build(app)?;
+
+ let check_sub_item_zh = CheckMenuItemBuilder::with_id("zh", "ZH")
+ .checked(false)
+ .build(app)?;
+
+ let text_menu = MenuItem::with_id(
+ app,
+ "change_text",
+ &"Change menu".to_string(),
+ true,
+ Some("Ctrl+Z"),
+ )
+ .unwrap();
+
+ let icon_menu = IconMenuItem::with_id(
+ app,
+ "change_icon",
+ &"Change icon menu",
+ true,
+ Some(Image::from_bytes(include_bytes!("../icons/icon.png")).unwrap()),
+ Some("Ctrl+F"),
+ )
+ .unwrap();
+
+ let menu_item = SubmenuBuilder::new(app, "Change menu")
+ .item(&text_menu)
+ .item(&icon_menu)
+ .items(&[&check_sub_item_en, &check_sub_item_zh])
+ .build()?;
+ let menu = MenuBuilder::new(app).items(&[&menu_item]).build()?;
+ app.set_menu(menu)?;
+ app.on_menu_event(move |_app_handle: &tauri::AppHandle, event| {
+ match event.id().0.as_str() {
+ "change_text" => {
+ text_menu
+ .set_text("changed menu text")
+ .expect("Change text error");
+
+ text_menu
+ .set_text("changed menu text")
+ .expect("Change text error");
+ }
+ "change_icon" => {
+ icon_menu
+ .set_text("changed menu-icon text")
+ .expect("Change text error");
+ icon_menu
+ .set_icon(Some(
+ Image::from_bytes(include_bytes!("../icons/icon-2.png")).unwrap(),
+ ))
+ .expect("Change icon error");
+ }
+
+ "en" | "zh" => {
+ check_sub_item_en
+ .set_checked(event.id().0.as_str() == "en")
+ .expect("Change check error");
+ check_sub_item_zh
+ .set_checked(event.id().0.as_str() == "zh")
+ .expect("Change check error");
+ check_sub_item_zh.set_accelerator(Some("Ctrl+L"))
+ .expect("Change accelerator error");
+ }
+ _ => {
+ println!("unexpected menu event");
+ }
+ }
+ });
+
+ Ok(())
+ })
+ .run(tauri::generate_context!())
+ .expect("error while running tauri application");
+}
+
+```
+
+
+
+
+[`PredefinedMenuItem`]: https://docs.rs/tauri/latest/tauri/menu/struct.PredefinedMenuItem.html
+[`Menu.new`]: https://v2.tauri.app/reference/javascript/api/namespacemenu/#new-2