diff --git a/src/README.md b/src/README.md index 138203a0..21b8a763 100644 --- a/src/README.md +++ b/src/README.md @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ The source can be viewed [on GitHub](https://github.com/system76/tech-docs). - [Oryx Pro (oryp11)](models/oryp11/README.md) - [Pangolin (pang14)](models/pang14/README.md) - [Serval WS (serw13)](models/serw13/README.md) -- [Thelio (thelio-b4)](models/thelio-b4/README.md) +- [Thelio (thelio-r3-n1)](models/thelio-r3-n1/README.md) - [Thelio Major (thelio-major-r3)](models/thelio-major-r3/README.md) - [Thelio Massive (thelio-massive-b1.2)](models/thelio-massive-b1.2/README.md) - [Thelio Mega (thelio-mega-r1.0)](models/thelio-mega-r1.0/README.md) @@ -64,5 +64,6 @@ The source can be viewed [on GitHub](https://github.com/system76/tech-docs). - [Pangolin (pang11)](models/pang11/README.md) - [Pangolin (pang10)](models/pang10/README.md) - [Serval WS (serw12)](models/serw12/README.md) +- [Thelio (thelio-b4)](models/thelio-b4/README.md) - [Thelio Major (thelio-major-b1/b2/r1/r2)](models/thelio-major-b1-b2-r1-r2/README.md) - [Thelio Mira (thelio-mira-r1.0)](models/thelio-mira-r1.0/README.md) diff --git a/src/SUMMARY.md b/src/SUMMARY.md index 4056248b..9cb9086d 100644 --- a/src/SUMMARY.md +++ b/src/SUMMARY.md @@ -63,10 +63,10 @@ - [External Overview](models/serw13/external-overview.md) - [Internal Overview](models/serw13/internal-overview.md) - [Parts & Repairs](models/serw13/repairs.md) - - [Thelio (thelio-b4)](models/thelio-b4/README.md) - - [External Overview](models/thelio-b4/external-overview.md) - - [Internal Overview](models/thelio-b4/internal-overview.md) - - [Parts & Repairs](models/thelio-b4/repairs.md) + - [Thelio (thelio-r3-n1)](models/thelio-r3-n1/README.md) + - [External Overview](models/thelio-r3-n1/external-overview.md) + - [Internal Overview](models/thelio-r3-n1/internal-overview.md) + - [Parts & Repairs](models/thelio-r3-n1/repairs.md) - [Thelio Major (thelio-major-r3)](models/thelio-major-r3/README.md) - [External Overview](models/thelio-major-r3/external-overview.md) - [Internal Overview](models/thelio-major-r3/internal-overview.md) @@ -214,6 +214,10 @@ - [External Overview](models/serw12/external-overview.md) - [Internal Overview](models/serw12/internal-overview.md) - [Parts & Repairs](models/serw12/repairs.md) + - [Thelio (thelio-b4)](models/thelio-b4/README.md) + - [External Overview](models/thelio-b4/external-overview.md) + - [Internal Overview](models/thelio-b4/internal-overview.md) + - [Parts & Repairs](models/thelio-b4/repairs.md) - [Thelio Major (thelio-major-b1/b2/r1/r2)](models/thelio-major-b1-b2-r1-r2/README.md) - [External Overview](models/thelio-major-b1-b2-r1-r2/external-overview.md) - [Internal Overview](models/thelio-major-b1-b2-r1-r2/internal-overview.md) diff --git a/src/models/thelio-r3-n1/README.md b/src/models/thelio-r3-n1/README.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8b6c56e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/models/thelio-r3-n1/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +# Thelio (thelio-r3-n1) + +- [External Overview](./external-overview.md) +- [Internal Overview](./internal-overview.md) +- [Parts & Repairs](./repairs.md) + +![Thelio](./img/thelio-r3-n1.webp) + +The System76 Thelio is a desktop with the following specifications: + +- Processor options + - Supports AMD Ryzen 7000 series (Zen 4) CPUs + - [Ryzen 5 7600](https://www.amd.com/en/product/12756) + - [Ryzen 7 7700X](https://www.amd.com/en/product/12161) + - [Ryzen 9 7900X](https://www.amd.com/en/product/12156) + - [Ryzen 9 7900X3D](https://www.amd.com/en/product/12736) + - [Ryzen 9 7950X](https://www.amd.com/en/product/12151) +- Motherboard + - [MSI MPG B650I Edge WiFi](https://www.msi.com/Motherboard/MPG-B650I-EDGE-WIFI/Specification) running System76 Firmware (non-open) + - AMD B650 chipset +- Daughterboard + - [Thelio Io](https://github.com/system76/thelio-io) board running [open-source firmware](https://github.com/system76/thelio-io-firmware) + - Revision 2 +- Graphics options + - One GPU (PCIe 4.0 x16) of up to two-slot height + - GPU size: + - Internal clearance: 278.175mm + - Recommended maximum length: 268.175mm + - Tested with the following GPUs: + - Integrated Graphics + - 1x HDMI 2.1 + - [AMD Radeon RX 7600](https://www.amd.com/en/products/graphics/amd-radeon-rx-7600#product-specs) + - 1x HDMI 2.1, 3x DisplayPort 2.1 + - [NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce/graphics-cards/40-series/rtx-4060-4060ti/#specs) + - 1x HDMI 2.1a, 3x DisplayPort 1.4a + - [NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4070](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce/graphics-cards/40-series/rtx-4070-4070ti/#specs) + - 1x HDMI 2.1, 3x DisplayPort 1.4a +- Expansion + - 1x PCIe 4.0 x16 (GPU slot) +- Memory + - Up to 64GB (2x32GB) dual-channel DDR5 DIMMs @ 4800 MHz + - Tested with the following RAM modules (may ship with other tested modules): + - [Crucial CT32G48C40U5](https://www.crucial.com/memory/ddr5/ct32g48c40u5#spec) (32GB/stick) +- Networking + - 1x 2.5-Gigabit Ethernet ([Realtek RTL8125BG](https://www.realtek.com/en/products/connected-media-ics/item/rtl8125bg-s-cg)) + - Wi-Fi 6E + Bluetooth 5.2 ([AMD ...]()) +- Power + - C13 power cord + - 650W PSU + - Tested with the following PSU models (may ship with other tested models): + - [FSP Dagger Pro 650W 80+ Gold](https://www.fspgroupusa.com/ecommerce/daggerpro650w.html) +- Sound + - Back: 3.5mm line out, line in, microphone jacks + - Front: 3.5mm line out, microphone jacks + - Up to 7.1-channel audio output + - Realtek ALC4080 audio chipset (with Savitech SV3H712 amplifier) - check amp + - HDMI, DisplayPort audio (depending on GPU) +- Storage + - 2x M.2 (PCIe NVMe Gen 4) SSD + - 2x 2.5" SATA +- USB + - 1x USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 Type-C + - Back port + - 1x USB 3.2 Gen 2 Type-C + - Top port + - 3x USB 3.2 Gen 2 Type-A + - Back ports + - 3x USB 3.2 Gen 1 Type-A + - 2x back ports, 1x top port +- Dimensions + - 32.7cm × 20.7cm × 29.1cm diff --git a/src/models/thelio-r3-n1/external-overview.md b/src/models/thelio-r3-n1/external-overview.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cf76ffb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/models/thelio-r3-n1/external-overview.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Thelio (External Overview) + +## Back overview: + +![Back Ports](./img/ports-back.webp) + +### Power Switch Guide: + +- 1: On +- 0: Off + +### Other notes: + +- The `Flash BIOS` button is not needed when performing UEFI firmware updates via the System76 Firmware Manager. Use of the `Flash BIOS` button is not recommended. + +## Front/side overview: + +![Front & Side Views](./img/ports-front-sides.webp) + +## Top/bottom overview: + +![Top & Bottom Views](./img/ports-top-bottom.webp) diff --git a/src/models/thelio-r3-n1/img/25-drive-installation.webp b/src/models/thelio-r3-n1/img/25-drive-installation.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..eb908e25 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/models/thelio-r3-n1/img/25-drive-installation.webp @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:abb5d5f704225049499f3ee0b223e3a79ef93dfc02bbce1245e4dfc0c69fe0f5 +size 330662 diff --git a/src/models/thelio-r3-n1/img/25-drive-installed.webp b/src/models/thelio-r3-n1/img/25-drive-installed.webp new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6bc11636 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/models/thelio-r3-n1/img/25-drive-installed.webp @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1 +oid sha256:117d35ebaa1c6224e34998e1f273531a3b89769f72933b0c00a4e5664e7341c2 +size 671882 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highlighted in white (located underneath the heatsink) +- GPU (in PCIe 4.0 x16 slot) is highlighted in yellow +- Power supply is highlighted in cyan +- Bottom case fan is highlighted in orange + +## Right side overview: + +![Internal overview (right side)](./img/components-right.webp) + +- M.2 slot 3 is highlighted in cyan +- CPU fan Y-cable connectors are highlighted in yellow + +## Front side overview: + +![Internal overview (front side)](./img/components-front.webp) + +- Thelio-IO connector access cutout is highlighted in green + +## Top overview: + +![Internal overview (top)](./img/components-top.webp) + +- 2.5" drive screws are highlighted in green +- 2.5" drive cage cover is highlighted in cyan +- Motherboard CPU fan header is highlighted in yellow + - Connects to Thelio-IO board +- CPU power connector is highlighted in red + - Connects to power supply + +See the [repairs page](./repairs.md) for detailed information about installing or replacing components. diff --git a/src/models/thelio-r3-n1/repairs.md b/src/models/thelio-r3-n1/repairs.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b3df30d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/models/thelio-r3-n1/repairs.md @@ -0,0 +1,534 @@ +# Thelio (Parts & Repairs) + +Many components in your Thelio can be upgraded or replaced as necessary. This page uses photos of the initial revision for this generation (B4-0). Minor case details may vary on newer units, but screw counts, general component locations, and other details should remain the same unless otherwise noted. + +Power the machine off, switch off the power supply, and unplug all peripherals before working with any internal components. Then, follow these step-by-step guides for instructions: + +- [Replacing the front accent strip](#replacing-the-front-accent-strip) +- [Removing the top case](#removing-the-top-case) +- [Adding/removing 2.5" storage drives](#addingremoving-25-storage-drives) +- [Replacing the bottom case fan](#replacing-the-bottom-case-fan) +- [Replacing the GPU](#replacing-the-gpu) +- [Removing the CPU duct](#removing-the-cpu-duct) +- [Replacing the RAM](#replacing-the-ram) +- [Replacing the M.2 drives](#replacing-the-m2-drives) +- [Replacing the CPU fans](#replacing-the-cpu-fans) +- [Replacing the CPU cooler/thermal paste and CPU](#replacing-the-cpu-cooler-and-cpu) +- [Replacing the power supply](#replacing-the-power-supply) +- [Replacing the Thelio-IO board](#replacing-the-thelio-io-board) +- [Troubleshooting the power button](#troubleshooting-the-power-button) + +## Replacing the front accent strip: + +Thelio includes a customizable accent panel on the front of the case, which can be swapped to change the case's look and feel. The instructions for swapping the accent are also available in [video form](https://system76.com/r/diyaccentpanel). + +**Tools required:** None +**Time estimate:** 30 seconds +**Difficulty:** Easy + +### Steps to replace the front accent strip: + +1. Place the Thelio on the edge of the desk so the front side is hanging off of the desk. + - The Thelio can alternatively be lifted or tilted so the front of the computer is hovering above the desk. +2. Slide the accent strip down to unlock it. + - The accent can be gripped at the bottom edge. +3. Pull the accent strip off of the case, starting with the bottom edge. +4. Place the new accent strip onto the front of the case and slide it up to lock it into place. + +![Front accent strip removal](./img/accent-strip-removal.webp) + +## Removing the top case: + +The top case can be removed to access the internal components. + +**Tools required:** Cross-head (Phillips) screwdriver (optional) +**Time estimate:** 1 minute +**Difficulty:** Easy + +### Steps to remove the top case: + +1. Remove the four outer screws holding the top case onto the machine. + +![Top case screws](./img/top-case-screws.webp) + +2. Slide the top case up and off of the machine. + +## Adding/removing 2.5" storage drives: + +Thelio R3-N1 supports up to four 2.5" SATA III drives. + +**Tools required:** Cross-head (Phillips) screwdriver (optional) +**Time estimate:** 5 minutes +**Difficulty:** Easy + +### Steps to add/remove 2.5" storage drives: + +1. Follow the steps above to [remove the top case](#removing-the-top-case). +2. Unscrew the two screws securing the drive bay's cover, highlighted green below. + +![2.5" drive cover and 2.5" drive screws](./img/25-drive-screws.webp) + +3. If you are adding a new drive, pop out the black plastic ring on the top crossbar and slide out four screws (per drive). +4. Insert four screws into each 2.5" storage drive you wish to install. +5. Slide each 2.5" drive into one of the slots leading to the Thelio-IO board. + +![2.5" drive installation](./img/25-drive-installation.webp) + +![Installed 2.5" drive](./img/25-drive-installed.webp) + +_Thelio R3-N1 with one 2.5" screw ring removed and one 2.5" drive installed._ + +6. Replace the black plastic screw ring and the 2.5" drive bay cover. + +## Removing the side brace: + +The side brace provides a mounting point for the GPU brace finger, which helps keep GPUs or other PCI Express cards in place during shipping. It also provides mounting points for one 120mm fan, which is not offered as part of Thelio but can optionally be installed as an aftermarket upgrade. + +The GPU brace finger is only required during shipping. The system can be run without this part if it does not fit an upgraded GPU. + +**Tools required:** Cross-head (Phillips) screwdriver +**Time estimate:** 15 minutes +**Difficulty:** Easy + +### Steps to remove the side brace: + +1. Follow the steps above to [remove the top case](#removing-the-top-case). +2. Unscrew the four screws holding the side bracket in place (two on the front of the case, two on the back.) + +![Side brace screws](./img/side-brace-screws.webp) + +3. Pull the side brace out of the chassis. Unplug the side fan connector from the splitter board on the right side, if connected. + +### Steps to adjust the GPU brace finger: + +1. Follow the steps above to [remove the top case](#removing-the-top-case) and [remove the side brace](#steps-to-remove-the-side-brace). +2. To adjust the GPU brace finger's horizontal position, unscrew the four corner screws (highlighted green below), move the GPU brace finger's mounting bar, and reattach it in the desired position. + - The center vertical adjustment screw (highlighted cyan below) may also need to be removed or loosened. + +![GPU brace finger screws, back](./img/gpu-brace-finger-screws-back.webp) + +3. To adjust the GPU brace finger's vertical position, unscrew the eight vertical adjustment screws (four on either side), move the GPU brace finger, and reattach it in the desired position. + - There may be one or two rows of screw holes on the mounting bar, depending on what GPU your system originally shipped with. The additional row of screw holes allows front-to-back adjustment of the GPU brace fingers' position. + +![GPU brace finger screws, side](./img/gpu-brace-finger-screws-side.webp) + +## Replacing the bottom case fan: + +Thelio R3-N1 has one case-mounted intake fan on the bottom of the chassis. + +**Tools required:** Cross-head (Phillips) screwdriver +**Time estimate:** 20 minutes +**Difficulty:** Medium + +### Steps to replace the bottom case fan: + +1. Follow the steps above to [remove the top case](#removing-the-top-case). + - The [side brace](#removing-the-side-brace) can optionally be removed to provide easier access to the fan and its cabling. In the below photos, the [GPU](#removing-the-gpu) has also been removed for greater visibility. +2. Unplug the fan's cable from the Thelio Io daughterboard. + - The bottom case fan plugs into the `FANOUT2` port, also known as the `INTAKE FAN` port, on the Thelio Io board. + - When viewed from interior of the chassis, this connector is on the bottom-left. + +![Bottom case fan connector](./img/bottom-fan-connector.webp) + +3. Unscrew the four fan screws from the bottom of the machine. + - To avoid damaging other components, place the machine on its front side when working with the bottom surface. + +![Bottom case fan screws](./img/bottom-fan-screws.webp) + +4. Remove the old fan from the case. +5. When installing the fan, mount the components in the following order: + - Chassis + - Dust filter + - Acrylic spacer + - Fan +6. The new fan's cable should be oriented towards the front-interior corner of the case. The cable is not routed through any case holes or Velcro loops by default. The cable runs back towards the power supply, then folds over and runs to the front of the case to the Thelio Io board. + +## Replacing the GPU: + +Thelio supports one dual-slot dedicated GPU. The GPU slot is a PCIe 4.0 x16 slot. + +**Tools required:** Cross-head (Phillips) screwdriver +**Time estimate:** 10 minutes +**Difficulty:** Medium + +### Steps to replace the GPU: + +1. Follow the steps above to [remove the top case](#removing-the-top-case) and [remove the side brace](#removing-the-side-brace). +2. If you're removing a GPU, unplug the GPU power cable from the right side of the card. Hold down the latch on the connector while unplugging the cable. + +![GPU power connections](./img/gpu-power.webp) + +3. Unscrew the two back screws holding the PCIe bracket in place, and remove the PCIe bracket. + - The bracket must be completely removed because simply sliding it over doesn't provide enough clearance for GPU installation/removal. + +![PCIe bracket screws](./img/pcie-bracket.webp) + +4. Push and hold the latch on the motherboard to free the PCIe connection, then pull the card out of the slot. + +![PCIe slot & latch](./img/gpu-slot.webp) + +5. After inserting the new GPU into its slot, connect the power cable. +6. Once the GPU is installed, replace the back PCIe bracket, side brace, and top case. + +## Removing the CPU duct: + +The CPU duct guides airflow through the CPU cooler. It covers the CPU and partially obstructs the RAM slots and top GPU. + +**Tools required:** Cross-head (Phillips) screwdriver +**Time estimate:** 7 minutes +**Difficulty:** Easy + +### Steps to remove the CPU duct: + +1. Follow the steps above to [remove the top case](#removing-the-top-case). +2. Unplug both CPU fan connectors from the splitter board in the top corner of the machine. + - The splitter board provides the same signal to both ports, so it doesn't matter which fan is plugged into which port. + +![CPU fan connectors](./img/cpu-fan-connectors.webp) + +3. Unscrew the four back screws holding the CPU duct in place. + +![CPU duct screws (back)](./img/cpu-duct-screws-back.webp) +![CPU duct screws (top)](./img/cpu-duct-screws-top.webp) + +4. Pull the CPU duct away from the machine. + +## Replacing the RAM: + +Thelio R3-N1 supports up to 64GB (2x32GB) of RAM. The RAM sticks are DDR5 DIMMs (non-ECC) running at a speed of up to 4800MHz. If you've purchased new RAM, need to replace your RAM, or are reseating your RAM, follow these steps. + +**Tools required:** Cross-head (Phillips) screwdriver +**Time estimate:** 15 minutes +**Difficulty:** Medium + +### Steps to replace the RAM: + +1. Follow the steps above to [remove the top case](#removing-the-top-case) and [remove the CPU duct](#removing-the-cpu-duct). + - The [side brace](#removing-the-side-brace) does not need to be removed, but it's been removed in the below photo for better visibility. +2. To remove an existing RAM stick, flip the top latch up away from the stick, then pull the stick out of the slot, starting from the top edge. (The bottom of the RAM slot does not move.) + +![RAM slots](./img/ram-slots.webp) + +3. Make sure the tab on the top of the slot is open (pulled upwards), then insert the new RAM (or re-seat the existing RAM) into the slot, starting with the bottom edge. + - The RAM stick will only fit in one direction. The larger group of pins goes on top. + - If you are only using one RAM stick, place it in the right-side slot (farthest from the CPU.) +4. Replace the top case. + +## Replacing the M.2 drives: + +Thelio R3-N1 has two M.2 slots (M key). Both slots are size 2280 and support PCIe NVMe Generation 4. + +**Tools required:** Cross-head (Phillips) screwdriver +**Time estimate:** 30 minutes +**Difficulty:** Medium + +### Steps to replace the M.2 drive (slot 1): + +1. Follow the steps above to [remove the top case](#removing-the-top-case), [remove the GPU brace and GPU](#replacing-the-gpu), and [remove the CPU duct](#removing-the-cpu-duct). + - Removing the CPU duct and GPU is optional but recommended to provide more working space and avoid damage. +2. Unscrew and remove the M.2 heatsink. + - It may take some pressure to remove the heatsink and thermal tape from the M.2 drive. After unscrewing the heatsink, pull slowly to avoid breaking the thermal tape. + +![M.2 heatsink screws](./img/m2-heatsink-screws.webp) + +3. Unscrew the retainer screw opposite the M.2 slot. + +![M.2 slot 1](./img/m2-slot-1.webp) + +4. Insert the new M.2 drive into the slot and hold it in place. +5. Replace the retainer screw. +6. Replace the M.2 heatsink, CPU duct, GPU, side brace, and top case. + - When replacing the M.2 heatsink, ensure its fan is plugged into the M.2 fan connector (highlighted cyan above). + +### Steps to replace the M.2 drive (slot 2): + +1. Follow the steps above to [remove the top case](#removing-the-top-case). +2. Unscrew the retainer screw opposite the M.2 slot. + +![M.2 slot 2](./img/m2-slot-2.webp) + +3. Remove the existing M.2 drive by pulling it out of the slot. +4. Insert the new M.2 drive into the slot and hold it in place. +5. Replace the retainer screw. + +## Replacing the CPU fans: + +Thelio R3-N1 contains two 92mm CPU fans, both mounted on the CPU duct. The back fan is a Be Quiet! Pure Wings 2 (`BQ PUW2-9225-MR-PWM`), and the front fan is a Noctua `NF-A9 PWM`. + +**Tools required:** Cross-head (Phillips) screwdriver +**Time estimate:** 25 minutes +**Difficulty:** Medium + +### Steps to replace the CPU fans: + +1. Follow the steps above to [remove the top case](#removing-the-top-case) and [remove the CPU duct](#removing-the-cpu-duct). +2. Unscrew the four screws (two on each side) holding the fan bracket onto the duct. + - In the photos below, the front fan bracket's screws are highligted cyan, and the back fan bracket's screws are highlighted green. + +![CPU duct fan bracket screws](./img/cpu-duct-fan-bracket-screws.webp) + +3. Unscrew the four screws holding the fan onto the fan bracket. + +![CPU fan screws](./img/cpu-fan-screws.webp) + +4. When reinstalling the fan into the CPU duct, the spinning side should face towards the front of the case, and the cable should point towards the top corner of the open side of the duct. + - Overtightening a fan's screws may cause fan noise; if a fan is creating excessive noise, try slightly loosening some of the screws. + +## Replacing the CPU cooler and CPU: + +The CPU cooler dissipates heat from the CPU to the heatsink, where the CPU fans expel it from the system. Depending on your climate and the age of the machine, replacing the thermal paste between the CPU and the cooler/heatsink may help the system run cooler. + +The CPU uses an AMD AM5 socket. The CPU cooler is a Noctua NH-U9S. + +**Tools required:** Cross-head (Phillips) screwdriver, thermal paste +**Time estimate:** 45 minutes +**Difficulty:** High + +### Steps to remove the CPU cooler/thermal paste: + +1. Follow the steps above to [remove the top case](#removing-the-top-case), [remove the side brace](#removing-the-side-brace), [remove the GPU](#replacing-the-gpu), and [remove the CPU duct](#removing-the-cpu-duct). +2. While holding the CPU cooler in place so it doesn't fall, unscrew the two screws holding the CPU cooler crossbar onto the vertical mounting brackets. + - The screws are held captive, and will not fully come out of the crossbar. + - Only the two outer screws need to be removed; the center screw holding the horizontal crossbar onto the heatsink does not need to be removed. + +![CPU cooler screws](./img/cpu-cooler-screws.webp) + +3. The cooler will come away from the CPU. +4. Using a paper towel, clean the existing thermal paste off of the heatsink and CPU. You may also use a small amount of rubbing alcohol if the old paste is dried or difficult to remove. + +![Thermal paste removal](./img/thermal-paste-removal.webp) + +### Steps to replace the CPU: + +1. Place the computer on its side so the motherboard is facing up. +2. Unscrew and remove the cooler mounting bracket on the right side of the CPU. + +![CPU cooler mounting bracket](./img/cpu-cooler-mounting-bracket.webp) + +3. Push the locking pin outward until it's able to spring away from the motherboard. + - Caution: the locking pin may spring up with significant force when freed. + +![CPU locking pin](./img/cpu-locking-pin.webp) + +4. Flip the CPU holder away from the CPU. + - The CPU holder opens in the opposite direction from the locking pin. + +![CPU holder raised](./img/cpu-holder-raised.webp) + +5. Carefully lift the CPU out of the CPU socket. + - Be careful not to bend any of the gold pins on the CPU socket, and do not touch the gold pads on the CPU. + +![CPU (removed)](./img/cpu-removed.webp) + +6. Gently place the new CPU into the socket. + - When reinstalling the CPU, be sure to match the original orientation, with the triangle on the CPU pointing to the bottom left of the motherboard. + - The triangle on the CPU should match the triangle on the top of the CPU cover. +7. Flip the CPU cover back onto the CPU and push the locking pin down into place. + +### Steps to install the thermal paste/CPU cooler: + +1. Draw an `X` shape of thermal paste onto the CPU. + +![Thermal paste application](./img/thermal-paste-application.webp) + +2. Place the CPU cooler onto the CPU; while holding it in place, screw each end of the cooler crossbar onto one of the mounting brackets. + - The cooler should be oriented so the hole in the vertical center of the heatsink is facing the right side (front of the case). + - Insert each screw partially first, then fully tighten both. +3. Set the computer upright, then reinstall the cooler-mounted CPU fan, CPU duct, GPU bracket, and top case. + +## Replacing the power supply: + +The power supply unit (PSU) is modular and can be replaced with another unit of the same model. Different models may not be compatible with the cabling pre-installed in the Thelio. + +**Tools required:** Cross-head (Phillips) screwdriver +**Time estimate:** 20 minutes +**Difficulty:** Medium + +### Steps to replace the power supply: + +1. Follow the steps above to [remove the top case](#removing-the-top-case), [remove the side brace](#removing-the-side-brace), and [remove the GPU](#replacing-the-gpu). +2. Unplug all of the modular cabling from the back of the PSU. + - Some of the cables may be easier to unplug after the PSU has been unscrewed/removed from the case. + +![PSU cabling](./img/psu-cables.webp) + +3. Unscrew the four screws holding the PSU in from the back of the case. + +![PSU back screws](./img/psu-screws.webp) + +4. Remove/replace the PSU. + - The replacement PSU should be installed with the fan facing the bottom of the case. + - The PSU will need to be held up to the back of the case while it is screwed in. +5. After screwing in the replacement PSU, use the labels and pin counts on the cables and ports to ensure the power cables are reconnected in the proper locations. + - Remember that not all of the available connectors will plug into the PSU-- the 8-pin (6 + 1) connector is to be plugged into the GPU. + +### Steps to clean the power supply dust filter: + +1. Follow the steps above to [remove the power supply](#removing-the-power-supply). +2. Unscrew the four screws holding the dust filter onto the chassis. + +![Power supply dust filter](./img/psu-dust-filter.webp) + +3. Remove the dust filter and clean it with compressed air, running water, or a damp cloth. +4. When the filter is clean and dry, reinstall the filter, then reinstall the power supply and + +## Replacing the Thelio Io board: + +**Tools required:** Cross-head (Phillips) screwdriver +**Time estimate:** 25 minutes +**Difficulty:** High + +Named after Jupiter's moon Io, the Thelio Io daughterboard handles the front power button and fan control. Thelio R3-N1 uses [Thelio Io version 2](https://github.com/system76/thelio-io/tree/92c2a60b6d6acc0f9d51d819cba07ad28e2b03f3). If the Thelio Io board becomes defective, it can be replaced using the instructions below. + +### Steps to replace the Thelio Io board: + +1. Follow the steps above to [remove the top case](#removing-the-top-case). + - For easier access, it's also recommended to [remove the side brace](#removing-the-side-brace), [remove the CPU duct](#removing-the-cpu-duct), and [remove the GPU](#removing-the-gpu). +2. Unplug all cabling from the Thelio-IO board. + - The `POWER INPUT`/`POWER1` connector requires pulling the white tab while unplugging. + +![Thelio Io board location](./img/thelio-io-location.webp) + +3. Unscrew the two screws holding the daughterboard on from the front of the chassis. + - The plastic spacer behind the left screw will come off when the screw is removed. Hold it in place when screwing in the new board. + +![Thelio Io screws](./img/thelio-io-screws.webp) + +4. Screw in the new Thelio Io board and reconnect the wiring. + +### Thelio Io wiring guide: + +![Thelio Io wiring guide](./img/thelio-io-board.webp) + +1. When wiring the Thelio Io board, refer to the port labels and the following guide. + - `FANOUT1`/`CPU FAN` - to the [CPU fan splitter](#replacing-the-cpu-fans). + - `FANOUT4`/`AUX FAN` - not connected. + - `FANOUT2`/`INTAKE FAN` - to the [bottom case fan](#replacing-the-bottom-case-fan). + - `FANOUT3`/`GPU FAN` - to the [side brace](#removing-the-side-brace) fan splitter (disconnected by default). + - `FANIN1`/`MOTHERBOARD FAN INPUT` - to the `CPU_FAN1` header at the top right of the motherboard, highlighted green below. + + ![Motherboard CPU output header](./img/motherboard-fan-header.webp) + - `POWER1`/`POWER INPUT` - to the [power supply](#replacing-the-power-supply). + - The white plastic backing needs to be held away from the connector to unplug this cable from the Thelio Io board. + - `PFP1`/`FRONT PANEL` - to the [power button receptacle](#troubleshooting-the-power-button) on the front panel. + - On the Thelio Io board, the wire color order (from top to bottom) is red, black, blue, black. + - On the power button receptacle, the wire color order (from left to right) is red, black, blue, black. + - `PMB1`/`MOTHERBOARD` - to the `JFP1` header at the bottom left of the motherboard, highlighted cyan below. + - On the Thelio Io board, the wire color order (from top to bottom) is red, black, blue, black. + - On the motherboard, the wire color order (from left to right) is red, black, blue, black. + - `USB` - to the `USB_3_4` header at the bottom left of the motherboard, highlighted yellow below. + - A small clip needs to be held down to unplug this cable from the Thelio Io board. + - This port can alternatively be connected to the `USB_5_6` header if the `USB_3_4` header is connected to the wireless card. + + ![Motherboard power button & USB headers](./img/motherboard-power-usb.webp) + +## Replacing the SATA backplane: + +The SATA backplane provides two 2.5" SATA data and power connectors for the [2.5" drive cage](#addingremoving-25-storage-drives). The part number and version for the SATA backplane is [thelio-io-sata_2.2](https://github.com/system76/thelio-io-hardware/tree/91814370002f762ac01cd1dd99dcbb43336352ab/pcb-thelio-io-sata). + +**Tools required:** Cross-head (Phillips) screwdriver +**Time estimate:** 30 minutes +**Difficulty:** Medium + +### Steps to replace the SATA backplane: + +1. Follow the steps above to [remove the top case](#removing-the-top-case), then [remove the 2.5" drive cage cover and all 2.5" SATA drives](#addingremoving-25-storage-drives). +2. Use the cutout on the front right corner of the chassis to unplug the 4-pin Berg power connector and the two SATA data cables from the SATA backplane. + +![SATA backplane cabling cutout](./img/sata-backplane-connectors.webp) + +3. Unscrew the two outer flat screws holding the top crossbar onto the front of the chassis. + +![Front crossbar screws](./img/crossbar-screws-front.webp) + +4. Unscrew the two back screws holding the top crossbar onto the back of the chassis. + +![Back crossbar screws](./img/crossbar-screws-back.webp) + +5. Unscrew the two screws holding the CPU duct onto the top crossbar. + +![CPU duct screws (top)](./img/cpu-duct-screws-top.webp) + +6. Lift the top crossbar up and out of the chassis. +7. Unscrew the four SATA backplane screws from the drive cage, then push the SATA backplane out through the top of the drive cage. + +![SATA backplane screws](./img/sata-backplane-screws.webp) + +8. Place the new SATA backplane into the drive cage and secure it with the four SATA backplane screws, then reinstall the drive cage (if necessary). +9. Plug the 4-pin Berg power connector and SATA data cables into the SATA backplane. + - The order of the SATA data cables shouldn't matter as long as your operating system and software is configured to address disks by UUID (e.g. `/dev/disk/by-id/...`) instead of by letter (e.g. `/dev/sd_`). + - By default, the `DATA1` port connects to the innermost SATA connector on the motherboard, and the `DATA0` port connects to the outermost SATA connector on the motherboard. +10. Reinstall the CPU shroud (if necessary), any 2.5" drives that were removed, the 2.5" drive cage cover, and the top case. + +## Replacing the top I/O: + +Thelio Spark B1-N2 includes a top I/O module providing audio and USB ports. This module's part number is `MYS7523 Rev. 4.0`. + +If the top ports are damanged or become defective, they can be replaced using the steps below. + +**Tools required:** Cross-head (Phillips) screwdriver +**Time estimate:** 30 minutes +**Difficulty:** Medium + +### Steps to replace the top I/O: + +1. Follow the steps above to [remove the top case](#removing-the-top-case), [remove the side brace](#removing-the-side-brace), and [remove the GPU](#removing-the-GPU). +2. Unplug the `JAUD1` header at the bottom-left corner of the motherboard. + +![Top I/O audio header](./img/motherboard-headers-audio.webp) + +3. Unplug the `JUSB1` header (highlighted cyan below) and `JUSB2` header (highlighted green below) along the right edge of the motherboard. + - The `JUSB1` header is behind the CPU duct, but it can be unplugged without removing the duct. The duct has been removed for greater visibility in the below photo. + +![Top I/O USB headers](./img/motherboard-headers-usb.webp) + +4. Unscrew the two front screws holding the top I/O board onto the chassis. + +![Top I/O screws](./img/top-io-screws.webp) + +5. Remove the top I/O board from the system. +6. Insert the new top I/O board into the system and screw it into place. +7. Reconnect the audio and USB headers. +8. Replace the side brace (if necessary), CPU shroud, and top case. + +## Troubleshooting the power button: + +If the front power button doesn't power the machine on or doesn't light up when the system is powered on, try the following troubleshooting steps: + +1. Ensure the system powers on normally using the internal power button. +2. Reseat the front power button to ensure it's making proper contact. +3. Check the wiring for the front power button. +4. Replace the front power button, if necessary. + +**Tools required:** Cross-head (Phillips) screwdriver (optional) +**Time estimate:** 20 minutes +**Difficulty:** Medium + +### Steps to power the machine on using the internal power button: + +1. Follow the steps above to [remove the top case](#removing-the-top-case). +2. Ensure the system is plugged into power, and the power supply switch is in the 1 (On) position. +3. Push the small button labeled `B0` on the Thelio-IO board. + +![Internal power button](./img/b0-button.webp) + +4. If the Thelio-IO `B0` button powers the machine on, then the issue is either the front power button or its connection to the Thelio-IO board. [Check the front power button wiring](#steps-to-check-the-front-power-button-wiring). +5. If the Thelio-IO `B0` button does not work, then the issue is either the Thelio-IO board or its connection to the motherboard. [Check the wiring between the Thelio-IO board and the motherboard](#thelio-io-wiring-guide). + +### Steps to check the front power button wiring: + +1. Follow the steps above to [remove the top case](#removing-the-top-case). +2. On the back of the power button, the four pins should be connected to the four-wire connector as follows: + +![Power button wiring](./img/power-button-wiring.jpg) + +3. On the front power button receptacle, the four-pin connector should have the red wire on the left and the black wire on the right (when viewed from the back of the computer.) + +![Power button receptacle](./img/power-button-receptacle.webp) + +4. The front power button receptacle should plug into the `PFPD` port on the Thelio-IO board, with the red wire on the top (see the [Thelio-IO wiring guide](#thelio-io-wiring-guide).) + +### Steps to replace the power button: + +1. Follow the steps above to [remove the top case](#removing-the-top-case). +2. Follow the instructions in the [Replace the Thelio Power Button](https://support.system76.com/articles/thelio-power-button/) support article.