diff --git a/exhale/configs.py b/exhale/configs.py
index e54dbbf..dd6ce39 100644
--- a/exhale/configs.py
+++ b/exhale/configs.py
@@ -1342,7 +1342,7 @@ def apply_sphinx_configurations(app):
 
     if breathe_default_project not in breathe_projects:
         raise ConfigError(
-            "The given breathe_default_project='{0}' was not a valid key in `breathe_projects`:\n{1}".format(
+            "The given breathe_default_project='{}' was not a valid key in `breathe_projects`:\n{}".format(
                 breathe_default_project, breathe_projects
             )
         )
@@ -1405,7 +1405,7 @@ def apply_sphinx_configurations(app):
             raise ConfigError(val_error.format(key=key, exp=expected_type, got=val_t))
         # Make sure that a value was provided (e.g. no empty strings)
         if not val:
-            raise ConfigError("Non-empty value for key [{0}] required.".format(key))
+            raise ConfigError("Non-empty value for key [{}] required.".format(key))
         # If the string represents a path, make it absolute
         if make_absolute:
             # Directories are made absolute relative to app.confdir (where conf.py is)
@@ -1417,7 +1417,7 @@ def apply_sphinx_configurations(app):
             keys_processed.append(key)
         except Exception as e:
             raise ExtensionError(
-                "Critical error: unable to set `global {0}` to `{1}` in exhale.configs:\n{2}".format(
+                "Critical error: unable to set `global {}` to `{}` in exhale.configs:\n{}".format(
                     key, val, e
                 )
             )
@@ -1440,7 +1440,7 @@ def apply_sphinx_configurations(app):
             raise ValueError
     except:
         raise ConfigError(
-            "The given `containmentFolder` [{0}] must be a *SUBDIRECTORY* of [{1}].".format(
+            "The given `containmentFolder` [{}] must be a *SUBDIRECTORY* of [{}].".format(
                 containmentFolder, app.srcdir
             )
         )
@@ -1464,7 +1464,7 @@ def apply_sphinx_configurations(app):
     # Make sure the doxygen strip path is an exclude-able path
     if not os.path.exists(doxygenStripFromPath):
         raise ConfigError(
-            "The path given as `doxygenStripFromPath` ({0}) does not exist!".format(doxygenStripFromPath)
+            "The path given as `doxygenStripFromPath` ({}) does not exist!".format(doxygenStripFromPath)
         )
 
     ####################################################################################
@@ -1538,7 +1538,7 @@ def apply_sphinx_configurations(app):
                 keys_processed.append(key)
             except Exception as e:
                 raise ExtensionError(
-                    "Critical error: unable to set `global {0}` to `{1}` in exhale.configs:\n{2}".format(
+                    "Critical error: unable to set `global {}` to `{}` in exhale.configs:\n{}".format(
                         key, val, e
                     )
                 )
@@ -1598,7 +1598,7 @@ def item_or_index(item, idx):
                     pattern, flags = item
                 except Exception as e:
                     raise ConfigError(
-                        "listingExclude item {0} cannot be unpacked as `pattern, flags = item`:\n{1}".format(
+                        "listingExclude item {} cannot be unpacked as `pattern, flags = item`:\n{}".format(
                             item_or_index(item, idx), e
                         )
                     )
@@ -1607,7 +1607,7 @@ def item_or_index(item, idx):
                 regex = re.compile(pattern, flags)
             except Exception as e:
                 raise ConfigError(
-                    "Unable to compile specified listingExclude {0}:\n{1}".format(
+                    "Unable to compile specified listingExclude {}:\n{}".format(
                         item_or_index(item, idx), e
                     )
                 )
@@ -1631,14 +1631,14 @@ def item_or_index(item, idx):
                 regex = re.compile(key)
             except Exception as e:
                 raise ConfigError(
-                    "The `lexerMapping` key [{0}] is not a valid regular expression: {1}".format(key, e)
+                    "The `lexerMapping` key [{}] is not a valid regular expression: {}".format(key, e)
                 )
             # Make sure the provided lexer is available
             try:
                 lex = lexers.find_lexer_class_by_name(val)
             except Exception as e:
                 raise ConfigError(
-                    "The `lexerMapping` value of [{0}] for key [{1}] is not a valid Pygments lexer.".format(
+                    "The `lexerMapping` value of [{}] for key [{}] is not a valid Pygments lexer.".format(
                         val, key
                     )
                 )
@@ -1676,19 +1676,19 @@ def item_or_index(item, idx):
 
         '''))
         for key in keys_expected:
-            err.write("- {0}\n".format(key))
+            err.write("- {}\n".format(key))
         err.write(textwrap.dedent('''
             Available keys:
 
         '''))
         for key in keys_available:
-            err.write("- {0}\n".format(key))
+            err.write("- {}\n".format(key))
         err.write(textwrap.dedent('''
             The Mismatch(es):
 
         '''))
         for key in (keys_available ^ keys_expected):
-            err.write("- {0}\n".format(key))
+            err.write("- {}\n".format(key))
 
         err_msg = err.getvalue()
         err.close()
@@ -1717,7 +1717,7 @@ def similar(a, b):
         extra_error = StringIO()
         extra_error.write("Exhale found unexpected keys in `exhale_args`:\n")
         for key in extras:
-            extra_error.write("  - Extra key: {0}\n".format(key))
+            extra_error.write("  - Extra key: {}\n".format(key))
             potentials = []
             for mate in potential_keys_lower:
                 similarity = similar(key, mate)
@@ -1727,7 +1727,7 @@ def similar(a, b):
             if potentials:
                 potentials = reversed(sorted(potentials))
                 for rank, mate in potentials:
-                    extra_error.write("    - {0:2.2f}% match with: {1}\n".format(rank, mate))
+                    extra_error.write("    - {:2.2f}% match with: {}\n".format(rank, mate))
 
         extra_error_str = extra_error.getvalue()
         extra_error.close()
@@ -1743,7 +1743,7 @@ def similar(a, b):
     # fullToctreeMaxDepth > 5 may produce other sphinx issues unrelated to exhale
     if fullToctreeMaxDepth > 5:
         logger.warning(
-            "Exhale: `fullToctreeMaxDepth={0}` is greater than 5 and may build errors for non-html.".format(
+            "Exhale: `fullToctreeMaxDepth={}` is greater than 5 and may build errors for non-html.".format(
                 fullToctreeMaxDepth
             )
         )
@@ -1762,7 +1762,7 @@ def similar(a, b):
         provided_keys = set(customSpecificationsMapping.keys())
         diff = provided_keys - expected_keys
         if diff:
-            raise ConfigError("Found extra keys in `customSpecificationsMapping`: {0}".format(diff))
+            raise ConfigError("Found extra keys in `customSpecificationsMapping`: {}".format(diff))
         # Sanity check #3: make sure the return values are all strings
         for key in customSpecificationsMapping:
             val_t = type(customSpecificationsMapping[key])
@@ -1792,7 +1792,7 @@ def similar(a, b):
         if exhaleUseDoxyfile:
             doxyfile_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(app.confdir, "Doxyfile"))
             if not os.path.exists(doxyfile_path):
-                raise ConfigError("The file [{0}] does not exist".format(doxyfile_path))
+                raise ConfigError("The file [{}] does not exist".format(doxyfile_path))
 
         here = os.path.abspath(os.curdir)
         if here == app.confdir:
@@ -1805,7 +1805,7 @@ def similar(a, b):
         start = utils.get_time()
         if returnPath:
             logger.info(utils.info(
-                "Exhale: changing directories to [{0}] to execute Doxygen.".format(app.confdir)
+                "Exhale: changing directories to [{}] to execute Doxygen.".format(app.confdir)
             ))
             os.chdir(app.confdir)
         logger.info(utils.info("Exhale: executing doxygen."))
@@ -1813,7 +1813,7 @@ def similar(a, b):
         # Being overly-careful to put sphinx back where it was before potentially erroring out
         if returnPath:
             logger.info(utils.info(
-                "Exhale: changing directories back to [{0}] after Doxygen.".format(returnPath)
+                "Exhale: changing directories back to [{}] after Doxygen.".format(returnPath)
             ))
             os.chdir(returnPath)
         if status:
@@ -1821,7 +1821,7 @@ def similar(a, b):
         else:
             end = utils.get_time()
             logger.info(utils.progress(
-                "Exhale: doxygen ran successfully in {0}.".format(utils.time_string(start, end))
+                "Exhale: doxygen ran successfully in {}.".format(utils.time_string(start, end))
             ))
     else:
         if exhaleUseDoxyfile:
@@ -1835,11 +1835,11 @@ def similar(a, b):
     # Make sure that the files we need are actually there.
     if not os.path.isdir(doxy_xml_dir):
         raise ConfigError(
-            "Exhale: the specified folder [{0}] does not exist.  Has Doxygen been run?".format(doxy_xml_dir)
+            "Exhale: the specified folder [{}] does not exist.  Has Doxygen been run?".format(doxy_xml_dir)
         )
     index = os.path.join(doxy_xml_dir, "index.xml")
     if not os.path.isfile(index):
-        raise ConfigError("Exhale: the file [{0}] does not exist.  Has Doxygen been run?".format(index))
+        raise ConfigError("Exhale: the file [{}] does not exist.  Has Doxygen been run?".format(index))
 
     # Legacy / debugging feature, warn of its purpose
     if generateBreatheFileDirectives:
@@ -1881,7 +1881,7 @@ def similar(a, b):
         collapse_data = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__)), "data", tree_data_static_base)
         if not os.path.isdir(collapse_data):
             raise ExtensionError(
-                "Exhale: the path to [{0}] was not found, possible installation error.".format(collapse_data)
+                "Exhale: the path to [{}] was not found, possible installation error.".format(collapse_data)
             )
         else:
             all_files = tree_data_css + tree_data_js + tree_data_ext
@@ -1892,7 +1892,7 @@ def similar(a, b):
                     missing.append(path)
             if missing:
                 raise ExtensionError(
-                    "Exhale: the path(s) {0} were not found, possible installation error.".format(missing)
+                    "Exhale: the path(s) {} were not found, possible installation error.".format(missing)
                 )
 
         # We have all the files we need, the extra files will be copied automatically by
diff --git a/exhale/deploy.py b/exhale/deploy.py
index cca1f98..575b39c 100644
--- a/exhale/deploy.py
+++ b/exhale/deploy.py
@@ -169,9 +169,9 @@ def _generate_doxygen(doxygen_input):
         # Make sure we had a valid execution of doxygen
         exit_code = doxygen_proc.returncode
         if exit_code != 0:
-            raise RuntimeError("Non-zero return code of [{0}] from 'doxygen'...".format(exit_code))
+            raise RuntimeError("Non-zero return code of [{}] from 'doxygen'...".format(exit_code))
     except Exception as e:
-        return "Unable to execute 'doxygen': {0}".format(e)
+        return "Unable to execute 'doxygen': {}".format(e)
 
     # returning None signals _success_
     return None
@@ -386,21 +386,21 @@ def explode():
         utils.fancyError("Unable to create an `ExhaleRoot` object:")
 
     try:
-        sys.stdout.write("{0}\n".format(utils.info("Exhale: parsing Doxygen XML.")))
+        sys.stdout.write("{}\n".format(utils.info("Exhale: parsing Doxygen XML.")))
         start = utils.get_time()
 
         textRoot.parse()
 
         end = utils.get_time()
-        sys.stdout.write("{0}\n".format(
-            utils.progress("Exhale: finished parsing Doxygen XML in {0}.".format(
+        sys.stdout.write("{}\n".format(
+            utils.progress("Exhale: finished parsing Doxygen XML in {}.".format(
                 utils.time_string(start, end)
             ))
         ))
     except:
         utils.fancyError("Exception caught while parsing:")
     try:
-        sys.stdout.write("{0}\n".format(
+        sys.stdout.write("{}\n".format(
             utils.info("Exhale: generating reStructuredText documents.")
         ))
         start = utils.get_time()
@@ -408,8 +408,8 @@ def explode():
         textRoot.generateFullAPI()
 
         end = utils.get_time()
-        sys.stdout.write("{0}\n".format(
-            utils.progress("Exhale: generated reStructuredText documents in {0}.".format(
+        sys.stdout.write("{}\n".format(
+            utils.progress("Exhale: generated reStructuredText documents in {}.".format(
                 utils.time_string(start, end)
             ))
         ))
diff --git a/exhale/graph.py b/exhale/graph.py
index c0d8e86..9397063 100644
--- a/exhale/graph.py
+++ b/exhale/graph.py
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ def full_signature(self):
         """
         if self.kind == "function":
             return "{template}{return_type} {name}({parameters})".format(
-                template="template <{0}> ".format(", ".join(self.template)) if self.template is not None else "",
+                template="template <{}> ".format(", ".join(self.template)) if self.template is not None else "",
                 return_type=self.return_type,
                 name=self.name,
                 parameters=", ".join(self.parameters)
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ def templateParametersStringAsRestList(self, nodeByRefid):
                 if refid:
                     # Easy case: the refid is something Exhale is explicitly documenting
                     if refid in nodeByRefid:
-                        link = "{0}_".format(nodeByRefid[refid].link_name)
+                        link = "{}_".format(nodeByRefid[refid].link_name)
                     else:
                         # It's going to get generated by Breathe down the line, we need
                         # to reference the page the directive will appear on.
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ def baseOrDerivedListString(self, lst, nodeByRefid):
 
             # Include the prototype
             if prot:
-                bod_stream.write("``{0}".format(prot))
+                bod_stream.write("``{}".format(prot))
                 please_close = True
             else:
                 please_close = False
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ def baseOrDerivedListString(self, lst, nodeByRefid):
                     bod_stream.write("``")
                 else:
                     bod_stream.write(" ")
-                bod_stream.write("{0}``".format(string))
+                bod_stream.write("{}``".format(string))
             bod_stream.write("\n")
 
         bod_value = bod_stream.getvalue()
@@ -824,7 +824,7 @@ def toHierarchy(self, hierarchyType, level, stream, lastChild=False):
             else:
                 # Declare the relevant links needed for the Tree Views
                 indent = "  " * (level * 2)
-                next_indent = "  {0}".format(indent)
+                next_indent = "  {}".format(indent)
 
                 # turn double underscores into underscores, then underscores into hyphens
                 html_link = self.link_name.replace("__", "_").replace("_", "-")
@@ -1179,17 +1179,17 @@ def discoverAllNodes(self):
             with codecs.open(doxygen_index_xml, "r", "utf-8") as index:
                 index_contents = index.read()
         except:
-            raise RuntimeError("Could not read the contents of [{0}].".format(doxygen_index_xml))
+            raise RuntimeError("Could not read the contents of [{}].".format(doxygen_index_xml))
 
         try:
             index_soup = BeautifulSoup(index_contents, "lxml-xml")
         except:
-            raise RuntimeError("Could not parse the contents of [{0}] as an xml.".format(doxygen_index_xml))
+            raise RuntimeError("Could not parse the contents of [{}] as an xml.".format(doxygen_index_xml))
 
         doxygen_root = index_soup.doxygenindex
         if not doxygen_root:
             raise RuntimeError(
-                "Did not find root XML node named 'doxygenindex' parsing [{0}].".format(doxygen_index_xml)
+                "Did not find root XML node named 'doxygenindex' parsing [{}].".format(doxygen_index_xml)
             )
 
         for compound in doxygen_root.find_all("compound"):
@@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@ def discoverAllNodes(self):
                 try:
                     page.soup = BeautifulSoup(node_xml_contents, "lxml-xml")
                 except:
-                    utils.fancyError("Unable to parse file xml [{0}]:".format(page.name))
+                    utils.fancyError("Unable to parse file xml [{}]:".format(page.name))
 
                 try:
                     cdef = page.soup.doxygen.compounddef
@@ -1241,7 +1241,7 @@ def discoverAllNodes(self):
                     inner_pages = cdef.find_all("innerpage", recursive=False)
 
                     utils.verbose_log(
-                        "*** [{0}] had [{1}] innerpages found".format(page.name, len(inner_pages)),
+                        "*** [{}] had [{}] innerpages found".format(page.name, len(inner_pages)),
                         utils.AnsiColors.BOLD_MAGENTA
                     )
 
@@ -1253,7 +1253,7 @@ def discoverAllNodes(self):
 
                                 # << verboseBuild
                                 utils.verbose_log(
-                                    "    - [{0}]".format(node.name),
+                                    "    - [{}]".format(node.name),
                                     utils.AnsiColors.BOLD_MAGENTA
                                 )
 
@@ -1285,7 +1285,7 @@ def discoverAllNodes(self):
 
                 except:
                     utils.fancyError(
-                        "Could not process Doxygen xml for file [{0}]".format(f.name)
+                        "Could not process Doxygen xml for file [{}]".format(f.name)
                     )
         self.pages = [page for page in self.pages if not page.parent]
 
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ def discoverAllNodes(self):
                 try:
                     f.soup = BeautifulSoup(node_xml_contents, "lxml-xml")
                 except:
-                    utils.fancyError("Unable to parse file xml [{0}]:".format(f.name))
+                    utils.fancyError("Unable to parse file xml [{}]:".format(f.name))
 
                 try:
                     cdef = f.soup.doxygen.compounddef
@@ -1314,7 +1314,7 @@ def discoverAllNodes(self):
 
                     # << verboseBuild
                     utils.verbose_log(
-                        "*** [{0}] had [{1}] innerclasses found".format(f.name, len(inner_classes)),
+                        "*** [{}] had [{}] innerclasses found".format(f.name, len(inner_classes)),
                         utils.AnsiColors.BOLD_MAGENTA
                     )
 
@@ -1326,7 +1326,7 @@ def discoverAllNodes(self):
 
                                 # << verboseBuild
                                 utils.verbose_log(
-                                    "    - [{0}]".format(node.name),
+                                    "    - [{}]".format(node.name),
                                     utils.AnsiColors.BOLD_MAGENTA
                                 )
 
@@ -1357,7 +1357,7 @@ def discoverAllNodes(self):
 
                     # << verboseBuild
                     utils.verbose_log(
-                        "*** [{0}] had [{1}] memberdef".format(f.name, len(memberdefs)),
+                        "*** [{}] had [{}] memberdef".format(f.name, len(memberdefs)),
                         utils.AnsiColors.BOLD_MAGENTA
                     )
 
@@ -1369,7 +1369,7 @@ def discoverAllNodes(self):
 
                                 # << verboseBuild
                                 utils.verbose_log(
-                                    "    - [{0}]".format(node.name),
+                                    "    - [{}]".format(node.name),
                                     utils.AnsiColors.BOLD_MAGENTA
                                 )
 
@@ -1391,7 +1391,7 @@ def discoverAllNodes(self):
 
                 except:
                     utils.fancyError(
-                        "Could not process Doxygen xml for file [{0}]".format(f.name)
+                        "Could not process Doxygen xml for file [{}]".format(f.name)
                     )
 
         ###### TODO: explain how the parsing works // move it to exhale.parse
@@ -1540,7 +1540,7 @@ def discoverAllNodes(self):
                 node.def_in_file = candidates[0]
                 # << verboseBuild
                 utils.verbose_log(utils.info(
-                    "Manually setting file definition of {0} {1} to [{2}]".format(
+                    "Manually setting file definition of {} {} to [{}]".format(
                         node.kind, node.name, node.def_in_file.location
                     ),
                     utils.AnsiColors.BOLD_CYAN
@@ -1550,13 +1550,13 @@ def discoverAllNodes(self):
                 # << verboseBuild
                 err_msg = StringIO()
                 err_msg.write(textwrap.dedent('''
-                    While attempting to discover the file that Doxygen refid `{0}` was
+                    While attempting to discover the file that Doxygen refid `{}` was
                     defined in, more than one candidate was found.  The candidates were:
                 '''.format(refid)))
                 # NOTE: candidates should only ever contain File nodes (thus c.location
                 #       should exist, and already be populated).
                 for c in candidates:
-                    err_msg.write("  - path=[{0}], refid={1}\n".format(c.location, c.refid))
+                    err_msg.write("  - path=[{}], refid={}\n".format(c.location, c.refid))
                 err_msg.write("\n")
                 utils.verbose_log(utils.critical(err_msg.getvalue()))
             # NOTE: no 'else' clause here, a warning about no file link generated is
@@ -1570,8 +1570,8 @@ def discoverAllNodes(self):
                 try:
                     name_soup = BeautifulSoup(node_xml_contents, "lxml-xml")
                 except:
-                    utils.fancyError("Could not process [{0}]".format(
-                        os.path.join(configs._doxygen_xml_output_directory, "{0}".format(node.refid))
+                    utils.fancyError("Could not process [{}]".format(
+                        os.path.join(configs._doxygen_xml_output_directory, "{}".format(node.refid))
                     ))
 
                 try:
@@ -1652,7 +1652,7 @@ def prot_ref_str(soup_node):
                     for derived in cdef.find_all("derivedcompoundref", recursive=False):
                         node.derived_compounds.append(prot_ref_str(derived))
                 except:
-                    utils.fancyError("Error processing Doxygen XML for [{0}]".format(node.name), "txt")
+                    utils.fancyError("Error processing Doxygen XML for [{}]".format(node.name), "txt")
 
     def trackNodeIfUnseen(self, node):
         '''
@@ -1756,7 +1756,7 @@ def reparentUnions(self):
                 else:
                     # << verboseBuild
                     utils.verbose_log(
-                        "The union {0} has '::' in its name, but no parent was found!".format(u.name),
+                        "The union {} has '::' in its name, but no parent was found!".format(u.name),
                         utils.AnsiColors.BOLD_RED
                     )
 
@@ -1848,10 +1848,10 @@ def renameToNamespaceScopes(self):
         ``external::MAX_DEPTH``.
         '''
         for n in self.namespaces:
-            namespace_name = "{0}::".format(n.name)
+            namespace_name = "{}::".format(n.name)
             for child in n.children:
                 if namespace_name not in child.name:
-                    child.name = "{0}{1}".format(namespace_name, child.name)
+                    child.name = "{}{}".format(namespace_name, child.name)
 
     def reparentNamespaces(self):
         '''
@@ -1918,7 +1918,7 @@ def fileRefDiscovery(self):
             be an enum declared inside of a namespace within this file.
         '''
         if not os.path.isdir(configs._doxygen_xml_output_directory):
-            utils.fancyError("The doxygen xml output directory [{0}] is not valid!".format(
+            utils.fancyError("The doxygen xml output directory [{}] is not valid!".format(
                 configs._doxygen_xml_output_directory
             ))
 
@@ -1937,7 +1937,7 @@ def fileRefDiscovery(self):
         for f in self.files:
             doxygen_xml_file_ownerships[f] = []
             try:
-                doxy_xml_path = os.path.join(configs._doxygen_xml_output_directory, "{0}.xml".format(f.refid))
+                doxy_xml_path = os.path.join(configs._doxygen_xml_output_directory, "{}.xml".format(f.refid))
                 with codecs.open(doxy_xml_path, "r", "utf-8") as doxy_file:
                     processing_code_listing = False  # shows up at bottom of xml
                     for line in doxy_file:
@@ -1977,7 +1977,7 @@ def fileRefDiscovery(self):
                                 f.program_listing.append(line)
             except:
                 utils.fancyError(
-                    "Unable to process doxygen xml for file [{0}].\n".format(f.name)
+                    "Unable to process doxygen xml for file [{}].\n".format(f.name)
                 )
 
         #
@@ -2045,7 +2045,7 @@ def fileRefDiscovery(self):
                 elif child.def_in_file != f:
                     # << verboseBuild
                     utils.verbose_log(
-                        "Conflicting file definition for [{0}]: both [{1}] and [{2}] found.".format(
+                        "Conflicting file definition for [{}]: both [{}] and [{}] found.".format(
                             child.name, child.def_in_file.name, f.name
                         ),
                         utils.AnsiColors.BOLD_RED
@@ -2076,7 +2076,7 @@ def filePostProcess(self):
         for f in self.files:
             if not f.location:
                 sys.stderr.write(utils.critical(
-                    "Cannot reparent file [{0}] because it's location was not discovered.\n".format(
+                    "Cannot reparent file [{}] because it's location was not discovered.\n".format(
                         f.name
                     )
                 ))
@@ -2084,7 +2084,7 @@ def filePostProcess(self):
             elif os.sep not in f.location:
                 # top-level file, cannot parent do a directory
                 utils.verbose_log(
-                    "### File [{0}] with location [{1}] was identified as being at the top level".format(
+                    "### File [{}] with location [{}] was identified as being at the top level".format(
                         f.name, f.location
                     ),
                     utils.AnsiColors.BOLD_YELLOW
@@ -2102,7 +2102,7 @@ def filePostProcess(self):
 
             if not found:
                 sys.stderr.write(utils.critical(
-                    "Could not find directory parent of file [{0}] with location [{1}].\n".format(
+                    "Could not find directory parent of file [{}] with location [{}].\n".format(
                         f.name, f.location
                     )
                 ))
@@ -2121,8 +2121,8 @@ def parseFunctionSignatures(self):
                     parent_refid = func.parent.refid
                 else:
                     raise RuntimeError(textwrap.dedent('''
-                        Function [{0}] with refid=[{1}] had a parent of kind '{2}':
-                        Parent name=[{3}], refid=[{4}].
+                        Function [{}] with refid=[{}] had a parent of kind '{}':
+                        Parent name=[{}], refid=[{}].
 
                         Functions may only have namespace parents.  Please report this
                         issue online, Exhale has a parsing error.
@@ -2281,7 +2281,7 @@ def generateFullAPI(self):
             root_directory_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         except Exception as e:
             utils.fancyError(
-                "Cannot create the directory {0} {1}".format(self.root_directory, e)
+                "Cannot create the directory {} {}".format(self.root_directory, e)
             )
         # TODO: API root body does not need to be separate, but it does need to happen
         # after node documents are generated due to bad design (link names and other
@@ -2307,7 +2307,7 @@ def generateAPIRootHeader(self):
             with codecs.open(self.full_root_file_path, "w", "utf-8") as generated_index:
                 # Add the metadata if they requested it
                 if configs.pageLevelConfigMeta:
-                    generated_index.write("{0}\n\n".format(configs.pageLevelConfigMeta))
+                    generated_index.write("{}\n\n".format(configs.pageLevelConfigMeta))
 
                 if configs.rootFileTitle:
                     generated_index.write(textwrap.dedent('''\
@@ -2324,10 +2324,10 @@ def generateAPIRootHeader(self):
                     )))
 
                 if configs.afterTitleDescription:
-                    generated_index.write("\n{0}\n\n".format(configs.afterTitleDescription))
+                    generated_index.write("\n{}\n\n".format(configs.afterTitleDescription))
         except:
             utils.fancyError(
-                "Unable to create the root api file / header: {0}".format(self.full_root_file_path)
+                "Unable to create the root api file / header: {}".format(self.full_root_file_path)
             )
 
     def generateNodeDocuments(self):
@@ -2674,7 +2674,7 @@ def adjustFunctionTitles(self):
                         '''.format(
                             num=len(warn_functions), breathe_identifier=warn_functions[0].breathe_identifier()
                         ))                                                                        + \
-                        "".join(["\n- {0}".format(wf.full_signature()) for wf in warn_functions]) + \
+                        "".join(["\n- {}".format(wf.full_signature()) for wf in warn_functions]) + \
                         textwrap.dedent('''
 
                             Unfortunately, there are no known workarounds at this time.  Your only options
@@ -2715,7 +2715,7 @@ def generateSingleNodeRST(self, node):
                 # Page header / linking.                                               #
                 ########################################################################
                 # generate a link label for every generated file
-                link_declaration = ".. _{0}:".format(node.link_name)
+                link_declaration = ".. _{}:".format(node.link_name)
 
                 # acquire the file this was originally defined in
                 if node.def_in_file:
@@ -2723,13 +2723,13 @@ def generateSingleNodeRST(self, node):
                 else:
                     defined_in = ".. did not find file this was defined in"
                     sys.stderr.write(utils.critical(
-                        "Did not locate file that defined {0} [{1}]; no link generated.\n".format(node.kind,
+                        "Did not locate file that defined {} [{}]; no link generated.\n".format(node.kind,
                                                                                                   node.name)
                     ))
 
                 # Add the metadata if they requested it
                 if configs.pageLevelConfigMeta:
-                    gen_file.write("{0}\n\n".format(configs.pageLevelConfigMeta))
+                    gen_file.write("{}\n\n".format(configs.pageLevelConfigMeta))
 
                 gen_file.write(textwrap.dedent('''\
                     {link}
@@ -2781,7 +2781,7 @@ def generateSingleNodeRST(self, node):
                         nested_children.sort(key=lambda x: x.name)
                         nested_child_stream = StringIO()
                         for nc in nested_children:
-                            nested_child_stream.write("- :ref:`{0}`\n".format(nc.link_name))
+                            nested_child_stream.write("- :ref:`{}`\n".format(nc.link_name))
 
                         # extract the list of links and add them as a subsection in the header
                         nested_child_string = nested_child_stream.getvalue()
@@ -2798,7 +2798,7 @@ def generateSingleNodeRST(self, node):
                                 configs.SUB_SUB_SECTION_HEADING_CHAR
                             )
                         ))
-                        nested_defs = "{0}{1}\n".format(nested_defs, nested_child_string)
+                        nested_defs = "{}{}\n".format(nested_defs, nested_child_string)
 
                 if nested_type_of or nested_defs:
                     heading = "Nested Relationships"
@@ -2814,7 +2814,7 @@ def generateSingleNodeRST(self, node):
                         )
                     )))
                     if nested_type_of:
-                        gen_file.write("{0}\n\n".format(nested_type_of))
+                        gen_file.write("{}\n\n".format(nested_type_of))
                     if nested_defs:
                         gen_file.write(nested_defs)
 
@@ -2851,7 +2851,7 @@ def generateSingleNodeRST(self, node):
                                 configs.SUB_SUB_SECTION_HEADING_CHAR
                             )
                         )))
-                        gen_file.write("{0}\n".format(node.baseOrDerivedListString(
+                        gen_file.write("{}\n".format(node.baseOrDerivedListString(
                             node.base_compounds, self.node_by_refid
                         )))
                     if node.derived_compounds:
@@ -2870,7 +2870,7 @@ def generateSingleNodeRST(self, node):
                                 configs.SUB_SUB_SECTION_HEADING_CHAR
                             )
                         )))
-                        gen_file.write("{0}\n".format(node.baseOrDerivedListString(
+                        gen_file.write("{}\n".format(node.baseOrDerivedListString(
                             node.derived_compounds, self.node_by_refid
                         )))
 
@@ -2934,7 +2934,7 @@ def generateSingleNodeRST(self, node):
                 gen_file.write(specifications)
         except:
             utils.fancyError(
-                "Critical error while generating the file for [{0}].".format(node.file_name)
+                "Critical error while generating the file for [{}].".format(node.file_name)
             )
 
     def generatePageDocuments(self):
@@ -2962,11 +2962,11 @@ def generateSinglePageDocument(self, node):
                 # Page header / linking.                                               #
                 ########################################################################
                 # generate a link label for every generated file
-                link_declaration = ".. _{0}:".format(node.link_name)
+                link_declaration = ".. _{}:".format(node.link_name)
 
                 # Add the metadata if they requested it
                 if configs.pageLevelConfigMeta:
-                    gen_file.write("{0}\n\n".format(configs.pageLevelConfigMeta))
+                    gen_file.write("{}\n\n".format(configs.pageLevelConfigMeta))
 
                 gen_file.write(textwrap.dedent('''\
                     {link}
@@ -3000,7 +3000,7 @@ def generateSinglePageDocument(self, node):
                 gen_file.write(specifications)
         except:
             utils.fancyError(
-                "Critical error while generating the file for [{0}].".format(node.file_name)
+                "Critical error while generating the file for [{}].".format(node.file_name)
             )
 
     def generateNamespaceNodeDocuments(self):
@@ -3037,9 +3037,9 @@ def generateSingleNamespace(self, nspace):
             with codecs.open(nspace.file_name, "w", "utf-8") as gen_file:
                 # Add the metadata if they requested it
                 if configs.pageLevelConfigMeta:
-                    gen_file.write("{0}\n\n".format(configs.pageLevelConfigMeta))
+                    gen_file.write("{}\n\n".format(configs.pageLevelConfigMeta))
 
-                nspace.title = "{0} {1}".format(utils.qualifyKind(nspace.kind), nspace.name)
+                nspace.title = "{} {}".format(utils.qualifyKind(nspace.kind), nspace.name)
 
                 # generate a link label for every generated file
                 gen_file.write(textwrap.dedent('''
@@ -3056,22 +3056,22 @@ def generateSingleNamespace(self, nspace):
 
                 brief, detailed = parse.getBriefAndDetailedRST(self, nspace)
                 if brief:
-                    gen_file.write("{0}\n\n".format(brief))
+                    gen_file.write("{}\n\n".format(brief))
 
                 # include the contents directive if requested
                 contents = utils.contentsDirectiveOrNone(nspace.kind)
                 if contents:
-                    gen_file.write("{0}\n\n".format(contents))
+                    gen_file.write("{}\n\n".format(contents))
 
                 if detailed:
-                    gen_file.write("{0}\n\n".format(detailed))
+                    gen_file.write("{}\n\n".format(detailed))
 
                 # generate the headings and links for the children
                 children_string = self.generateNamespaceChildrenString(nspace)
                 gen_file.write(children_string)
         except:
             utils.fancyError(
-                "Critical error while generating the file for [{0}]".format(nspace.file_name)
+                "Critical error while generating the file for [{}]".format(nspace.file_name)
             )
 
     def generateNamespaceChildrenString(self, nspace):
@@ -3196,7 +3196,7 @@ def generateFileNodeDocuments(self):
             if len(f.program_listing) > 0:
                 include_program_listing = True
                 lexer = utils.doxygenLanguageToPygmentsLexer(f.location, f.language)
-                full_program_listing = '.. code-block:: {0}\n\n'.format(lexer)
+                full_program_listing = '.. code-block:: {}\n\n'.format(lexer)
 
                 # need to reformat each line to remove xml tags / put <>& back in
                 for pgf_line in f.program_listing:
@@ -3216,7 +3216,7 @@ def generateFileNodeDocuments(self):
                     with codecs.open(f.program_file, "w", "utf-8") as gen_file:
                         # Add the metadata if they requested it
                         if configs.pageLevelConfigMeta:
-                            gen_file.write("{0}\n\n".format(configs.pageLevelConfigMeta))
+                            gen_file.write("{}\n\n".format(configs.pageLevelConfigMeta))
 
                         # generate a link label for every generated file
                         link_declaration = ".. _{}:".format(f.program_link_name)
@@ -3245,7 +3245,7 @@ def generateFileNodeDocuments(self):
                         gen_file.write(full_program_listing)
                 except:
                     utils.fancyError(
-                        "Critical error while generating the file for [{0}]".format(f.file_name)
+                        "Critical error while generating the file for [{}]".format(f.file_name)
                     )
             else:
                 include_program_listing = False
@@ -3381,12 +3381,12 @@ def generateFileNodeDocuments(self):
                 with codecs.open(f.file_name, "w", "utf-8") as gen_file:
                     # Add the metadata if they requested it
                     if configs.pageLevelConfigMeta:
-                        gen_file.write("{0}\n\n".format(configs.pageLevelConfigMeta))
+                        gen_file.write("{}\n\n".format(configs.pageLevelConfigMeta))
 
                     # generate a link label for every generated file
-                    link_declaration = ".. _{0}:".format(f.link_name)
+                    link_declaration = ".. _{}:".format(f.link_name)
                     # every generated file must have a header for sphinx to be happy
-                    f.title = "{0} {1}".format(utils.qualifyKind(f.kind), f.name)
+                    f.title = "{} {}".format(utils.qualifyKind(f.kind), f.name)
                     gen_file.write(textwrap.dedent('''
                         {link}
 
@@ -3439,7 +3439,7 @@ def generateFileNodeDocuments(self):
                     )).lstrip())
             except:
                 utils.fancyError(
-                    "Critical error while generating the file for [{0}]".format(f.file_name)
+                    "Critical error while generating the file for [{}]".format(f.file_name)
                 )
 
             if configs.generateBreatheFileDirectives:
@@ -3470,7 +3470,7 @@ def generateFileNodeDocuments(self):
                         )))
                 except:
                     utils.fancyError(
-                        "Critical error while generating the breathe directive for [{0}]".format(f.file_name)
+                        "Critical error while generating the breathe directive for [{}]".format(f.file_name)
                     )
 
     def generateDirectoryNodeDocuments(self):
@@ -3559,10 +3559,10 @@ def generateDirectoryNodeRST(self, node):
             with codecs.open(node.file_name, "w", "utf-8") as gen_file:
                 # Add the metadata if they requested it
                 if configs.pageLevelConfigMeta:
-                    gen_file.write("{0}\n\n".format(configs.pageLevelConfigMeta))
+                    gen_file.write("{}\n\n".format(configs.pageLevelConfigMeta))
 
                 # generate a link label for every generated file
-                link_declaration = ".. _{0}:\n\n".format(node.link_name)
+                link_declaration = ".. _{}:\n\n".format(node.link_name)
                 header = textwrap.dedent('''
                     {heading}
                     {heading_mark}
@@ -3576,12 +3576,12 @@ def generateDirectoryNodeRST(self, node):
                 ))
                 path = "\n*Directory path:* ``{path}``\n".format(path=node.name)
                 # write it all out
-                gen_file.write("{0}{1}{2}{3}{4}\n{5}\n\n".format(
+                gen_file.write("{}{}{}{}{}\n{}\n\n".format(
                     link_declaration, header, parent_directory, path, child_dirs_string, child_files_string)
                 )
         except:
             utils.fancyError(
-                "Critical error while generating the file for [{0}]".format(node.file_name)
+                "Critical error while generating the file for [{}]".format(node.file_name)
             )
 
     def generateAPIRootBody(self):
@@ -3614,39 +3614,39 @@ def generateAPIRootBody(self):
                 # Include index page, if present
                 for page in self.pages:
                     if page.refid == "indexpage":
-                        generated_index.write(".. include:: {0}\n\n".format(
+                        generated_index.write(".. include:: {}\n\n".format(
                             os.path.basename(page.file_name)
                         ))
                         break
                 # Include the page, class, and file hierarchies
                 if os.path.exists(self.page_hierarchy_file):
-                    generated_index.write(".. include:: {0}\n\n".format(
+                    generated_index.write(".. include:: {}\n\n".format(
                         os.path.basename(self.page_hierarchy_file)
                     ))
                 if os.path.exists(self.class_hierarchy_file):
-                    generated_index.write(".. include:: {0}\n\n".format(
+                    generated_index.write(".. include:: {}\n\n".format(
                         os.path.basename(self.class_hierarchy_file)
                     ))
                 if os.path.exists(self.file_hierarchy_file):
-                    generated_index.write(".. include:: {0}\n\n".format(
+                    generated_index.write(".. include:: {}\n\n".format(
                         os.path.basename(self.file_hierarchy_file)
                     ))
 
                 # Add the afterHierarchyDescription if provided
                 if configs.afterHierarchyDescription:
                     generated_index.write(
-                        "\n{0}\n\n".format(configs.afterHierarchyDescription)
+                        "\n{}\n\n".format(configs.afterHierarchyDescription)
                     )
 
                 # Include the unabridged API
-                generated_index.write(".. include:: {0}\n\n".format(
+                generated_index.write(".. include:: {}\n\n".format(
                     os.path.basename(self.unabridged_api_file)
                 ))
 
                 # Add the afterBodySummary if provided
                 if configs.afterBodySummary:
                     generated_index.write(
-                        "\n{0}\n\n".format(configs.afterBodySummary)
+                        "\n{}\n\n".format(configs.afterBodySummary)
                     )
 
                 # The following should only be applied to the page library root page
@@ -3753,7 +3753,7 @@ def generateAPIRootBody(self):
                     )))
         except:
             utils.fancyError(
-                "Unable to create the root api body: [{0}]".format(self.full_root_file_path)
+                "Unable to create the root api body: [{}]".format(self.full_root_file_path)
             )
 
     def gerrymanderNodeFilenames(self):
@@ -4214,7 +4214,7 @@ def toConsole(self):
         }
 
         self.consoleFormat(
-            "{0} and {1}".format(
+            "{} and {}".format(
                 utils._use_color("Classes", fmt_spec["class"],  sys.stderr),
                 utils._use_color("Structs", fmt_spec["struct"], sys.stderr),
             ),
@@ -4300,7 +4300,7 @@ def consoleFormat(self, sectionTitle, lst, fmt_spec):
 
         utils.verbose_log(textwrap.dedent('''
             ###########################################################
-            ## {0}
+            ## {}
             ###########################################################'''.format(sectionTitle)))
         for l in lst:
             l.toConsole(0, fmt_spec)
diff --git a/exhale/parse.py b/exhale/parse.py
index fb2f506..4cdba19 100644
--- a/exhale/parse.py
+++ b/exhale/parse.py
@@ -111,13 +111,13 @@ def walk(textRoot, currentTag, level, prefix=None, postfix=None, unwrapUntilPara
     if currentTag.name == "orderedlist":
         idx = 1
         for child in children:
-            walk(textRoot, child, level + 1, "\n{0}{1}. ".format(indent, idx), None, True)
+            walk(textRoot, child, level + 1, "\n{}{}. ".format(indent, idx), None, True)
             idx += 1
             child.unwrap()
         currentTag.unwrap()
     elif currentTag.name == "itemizedlist":
         for child in children:
-            walk(textRoot, child, level + 1, "\n{0}- ".format(indent), None, True)
+            walk(textRoot, child, level + 1, "\n{}- ".format(indent), None, True)
             child.unwrap()
         currentTag.unwrap()
     elif currentTag.name == "verbatim":
@@ -129,36 +129,36 @@ def walk(textRoot, currentTag, level, prefix=None, postfix=None, unwrapUntilPara
             cont = textwrap.dedent(cont.replace("\n*", "\n"))
             currentTag.string = cont
     elif currentTag.name == "formula":
-        currentTag.string = ":math:`{0}`".format(currentTag.string[1:-1])
+        currentTag.string = ":math:`{}`".format(currentTag.string[1:-1])
     elif currentTag.name == "ref":
         signal = None
         if "refid" not in currentTag.attrs:
-            signal = "No 'refid' in `ref` tag attributes of file documentation. Attributes were: {0}".format(
+            signal = "No 'refid' in `ref` tag attributes of file documentation. Attributes were: {}".format(
                 currentTag.attrs
             )
         else:
             refid = currentTag.attrs["refid"]
             if refid not in textRoot.node_by_refid:
-                signal = "Found unknown 'refid' of [{0}] in file level documentation.".format(refid)
+                signal = "Found unknown 'refid' of [{}] in file level documentation.".format(refid)
             else:
-                currentTag.string = ":ref:`{0}`".format(textRoot.node_by_refid[refid].link_name)
+                currentTag.string = ":ref:`{}`".format(textRoot.node_by_refid[refid].link_name)
 
         if signal:
             # << verboseBuild
             utils.verbose_log(signal, utils.AnsiColors.BOLD_YELLOW)
     elif currentTag.name == "emphasis":
-        currentTag.string = "*{0}*".format(currentTag.string)
+        currentTag.string = "*{}*".format(currentTag.string)
     elif currentTag.name == "computeroutput":
-        currentTag.string = "``{0}``".format(currentTag.string)
+        currentTag.string = "``{}``".format(currentTag.string)
     elif currentTag.name == "bold":
-        currentTag.string = "**{0}**".format(currentTag.string)
+        currentTag.string = "**{}**".format(currentTag.string)
     else:
         ctr = 0
         for child in children:
             c_prefix = None
             c_postfix = None
             if ctr > 0 and child.name == "para":
-                c_prefix = "\n{0}".format(indent)
+                c_prefix = "\n{}".format(indent)
 
             walk(textRoot, child, level, c_prefix, c_postfix)
 
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ def convertDescriptionToRST(textRoot, node, soupTag, heading):
                 configs.SUB_SECTION_HEADING_CHAR
             )
         ))
-        return "{0}{1}".format(start, contents)
+        return "{}{}".format(start, contents)
     else:
         return ""
 
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ def getBriefAndDetailedRST(textRoot, node):
     try:
         node_soup = BeautifulSoup(node_xml_contents, "lxml-xml")
     except:
-        utils.fancyError("Unable to parse [{0}] xml using BeautifulSoup".format(node.name))
+        utils.fancyError("Unable to parse [{}] xml using BeautifulSoup".format(node.name))
 
     try:
         # In the file xml definitions, things such as enums or defines are listed inside
diff --git a/exhale/utils.py b/exhale/utils.py
index 2e6890d..add27e5 100644
--- a/exhale/utils.py
+++ b/exhale/utils.py
@@ -73,21 +73,21 @@ def time_string(start, end):
                 elif hours == 1:
                     hours_str = "1 hour, "
                 else:
-                    hours_str = "{0} hours, ".format(hours)
+                    hours_str = "{} hours, ".format(hours)
 
                 if mins == 0:
                     mins_str = ""
                 elif mins == 1:
                     mins_str = "1 minute, and "
                 else:
-                    mins_str = "{0} minutes, and ".format(mins)
+                    mins_str = "{} minutes, and ".format(mins)
 
                 if secs == 1.00:  # LOL I would love to see this happen
                     secs_str = "1.00 second"
                 else:
-                    secs_str = "{0} seconds".format(secs)
+                    secs_str = "{} seconds".format(secs)
 
-                time_str = "{0}{1}{2}".format(hours_str, mins_str, secs_str)
+                time_str = "{}{}{}".format(hours_str, mins_str, secs_str)
             except:
                 time_str = str(delta)
         else:
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ def makeCustomSpecificationsMapping(func):
     # Make sure they gave us a function
     if not isinstance(func, types.FunctionType):
         raise ValueError(
-            "The input to exhale.util.makeCustomSpecificationsMapping was *NOT* a function: {0}".format(
+            "The input to exhale.util.makeCustomSpecificationsMapping was *NOT* a function: {}".format(
                 type(func)
             )
         )
@@ -242,14 +242,14 @@ def makeCustomSpecificationsMapping(func):
                 '''.format(kind=kind)))
             ret[kind] = specs
     except Exception as e:
-        raise RuntimeError("Unable to create custom specifications:\n{0}".format(e))
+        raise RuntimeError("Unable to create custom specifications:\n{}".format(e))
 
     # Everything went according to plan, send it back to `conf.py` :)
     return ret
 
 
 def nodeCompoundXMLContents(node):
-    node_xml_path = os.path.join(configs._doxygen_xml_output_directory, "{0}.xml".format(node.refid))
+    node_xml_path = os.path.join(configs._doxygen_xml_output_directory, "{}.xml".format(node.refid))
     if os.path.isfile(node_xml_path):
         try:
             with codecs.open(node_xml_path, "r", "utf-8") as xml:
@@ -742,7 +742,7 @@ def exclaim(err_msg):
 
 
 def colorize(msg, ansi_fmt):
-    return "\033[{0}{1}\033[0m".format(ansi_fmt, msg)
+    return "\033[{}{}\033[0m".format(ansi_fmt, msg)
 
 
 def _use_color(msg, ansi_fmt, output_stream):
@@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ def fancyErrorString(lex):
         err = traceback.format_exc()
         # shenanigans = "During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:"
         # err = err.split(shenanigans)[0]
-        return __fancy("{0}\n".format(err), lex, "console")
+        return __fancy("{}\n".format(err), lex, "console")
     except:
         return "CRITICAL: could not extract traceback.format_exc!"
 
@@ -834,7 +834,7 @@ def fancyError(critical_msg=None, lex="py3tb", singleton_hook=None):
             singleton_hook()
         except Exception as e:
             sys.stderr.write(critical(
-                "fancyError: `singleton_hook` caused exception: {0}".format(e)
+                "fancyError: `singleton_hook` caused exception: {}".format(e)
             ))
 
     os._exit(1)