Improve support for reporting cop errors to rubocop.

[jasonkarns]

When encountering bugs with rubocop cops, one would attempt to open Issues against rubocop.

Rubocop requests that issues include the output with:

rubocop --debug to include additional debug information;
and rubocop -V to include full version information.

1. --debug

It appears that standardrb --debug does not generate any additional debug information. Whether it actually passes the flag along to rubocop is unclear. But the output of a scan is identical both with and without the flag.

2. -V

-V does not emit version information at all. It triggers a regular scan. (So evidently, -V isn't even recognized as a valid option.) Ideally, -V would emit all the same information as rubocop -V, plus standardrb's own version. Ideally, it would be in the same format as rubocop's so one could standard -V | pbcopy and have the output paste-able into a rubocop issue.

Between these two items, I think #2 is arguable more important and valuable.

[jasonkarns]

rubocop issue template at present: https://github.com/rubocop/rubocop/blob/3360eac8244c1f2dce49cfffa00b6f3611c2de6b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

[searls]

💯 this makes perfect sense and would make life easier for our Rubocop-maintaining friends