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MATLAB 的global函数（全局变量）—从python和MAT实例中详细解释.html
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MATLAB 的global函数（全局变量）—从python和MAT实例中详细解释
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<p>今天本来发布了用摄像头 gui 拍照的程序，然后有人私信我问其中的global函数的使用方法。</p>
<p>我想了一下，就以摄像头拍照为例子去解释一下这个函数的用法吧。</p>
<p>但是首先用python中的一个小例子来说明一下：</p>
<a id="more"></a>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">>>>YOU = <span class="string">'老大'</span></span><br><span class="line">>>><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">fun</span><span class="params">()</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line"> YOU = <span class="string">'老二'</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">print</span>（YOU）</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">>>>fun()</span><br><span class="line">>>>print(YOU)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>大家应该知道结果是</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">老二</span><br><span class="line">老大</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>但如果使用global：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"> I = <span class="string">'老大'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">fun</span><span class="params">()</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">global</span> I</span><br><span class="line"> I=<span class="string">'老二'</span> </span><br><span class="line"> print(I)</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">fun()</span><br><span class="line">print(I)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>在这里简单想下就是使用global定义之后，函数内的变量也就可以被改变了</p>
<p>就像变量与参数之间的关系，但是使用global之后，参数就变成真实的变量了，可以在define的函数中改变之前定义的值，很有意思。</p>
<p>结果可想而知：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">老二</span><br><span class="line">老二</span><br><span class="line">%%%%%谁**是老二啊？？？！！！要当就当老大啊！！！</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>所以代码应该改成这样：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"> I = <span class="string">'你是老二吧，哈哈'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">fun</span><span class="params">()</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">global</span> I</span><br><span class="line"> I=<span class="string">'我才是老大，哈哈哈哈'</span> </span><br><span class="line"> print(I)</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">fun()</span><br><span class="line">print(I)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">我才是老大，哈哈哈哈</span><br><span class="line">我才是老大，哈哈哈哈</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>OK 现在返回的就是你心底最先说的话吧，，哈哈，不开玩笑了……</p>
<p>下面看看在matlab实例项目中的应用吧：</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200219193459740.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQ1NTA0MTE5,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p>
<p>话不多说，直接上代码：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function">function <span class="title">pushbutton1_Callback</span><span class="params">(hObject, eventdata, handles)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function">% hObject handle to <span class="title">pushbutton1</span> <span class="params">(see GCBO)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function">% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function">% handles structure with handles and user <span class="title">data</span> <span class="params">(see GUIDATA)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"> vid </span>= videoinput(<span class="string">'winvideo'</span>,<span class="number">1</span>);%调用摄像头</span><br><span class="line"> axes = (handles.axes1);%指定figure</span><br><span class="line"> preview(vid);%显示视频</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">pushbutton2_Callback</span>(<span class="params">hObject, eventdata, handles</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line">% hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)</span><br><span class="line">% eventdata reserved - to be defined <span class="keyword">in</span> a future version <span class="keyword">of</span> MATLAB</span><br><span class="line">% handles structure <span class="keyword">with</span> handles and user data (see GUIDATA)</span><br><span class="line"> frame = getsnapshot(vid);%获取每一帧</span><br><span class="line"> I = ycbcr2rgb(frame);%RGB图像</span><br><span class="line"> imwrite(I,<span class="string">'csdn.png'</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>如果我代码是这样的话，命令行一定会报错：未定义变量‘vid’</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">未定义函数或变量 <span class="string">'vid'</span>。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>大家看到pushbutton_1中定义vid在pushbutton_2中调用不了</p>
<p>理由很简单，vid是push_1中的局部变量</p>
<p>所以解决这个问题最好就是在push_1和push_2中把vid定义为全局变量</p>
<p>而实现这个操作的就是global函数。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function">function <span class="title">pushbutton1_Callback</span><span class="params">(hObject, eventdata, handles)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function">% hObject handle to <span class="title">pushbutton1</span> <span class="params">(see GCBO)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function">% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function">% handles structure with handles and user <span class="title">data</span> <span class="params">(see GUIDATA)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"> <span class="title">global</span><span class="params">(vid)</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"> vid </span>= videoinput(<span class="string">'winvideo'</span>,<span class="number">1</span>);%调用摄像头</span><br><span class="line"> axes = (handles.axes1);%指定figure</span><br><span class="line"> preview(vid);%显示视频</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">pushbutton2_Callback</span>(<span class="params">hObject, eventdata, handles</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line">% hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)</span><br><span class="line">% eventdata reserved - to be defined <span class="keyword">in</span> a future version <span class="keyword">of</span> MATLAB</span><br><span class="line">% handles structure <span class="keyword">with</span> handles and user data (see GUIDATA)</span><br><span class="line"> global(vid)</span><br><span class="line"> frame = getsnapshot(vid);%获取每一帧</span><br><span class="line"> I = ycbcr2rgb(frame);%RGB图像</span><br><span class="line"> imwrite(I,<span class="string">'csdn.png'</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>而加上全局变量后就可以正常运行。</p>
<p>好了，这样的global函数就说完了。</p>
<p>题外话：</p>
<p>最近新型冠状病毒疫情有所好转，我老爸在家把盗墓笔记全部电影电视剧看完了</p>
<p>现在拉着我们家人一起看斗罗大陆的动画片….(不过还真的挺好看的哈哈哈)</p>
<p>不说了，赶快陪爸妈看斗罗大陆动画片了…</p>
<p>希望疫情赶快结束吧！！！</p>
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