Intro_to_Python.ipynb

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    "# An introduction to Python"
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    "## Learning objectives\n",
    "- **Basics** how to print, create variables and save Python code in files\n",
    "- **List** the most common data types in Python\n",
    "- **Explain** how to write conditions and loops in Python\n",
    "- **Use and compare** these concepts in different code examples \n",
    "- **Propose and create** solutions using these concepts in different exercises"
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    "## Course materials\n",
    "\n",
    "- All course materiel is available on [GitHub](https://github.com/sprajosh/basic-python)\n",
    "- Follow along with the example code as you go through the material, and attempt the exercises to practice what you’ve learned\n",
    "- Questions are welcome at any point!\n",
    "- If you have specific projects/problems you like to use Python for we are happy to (try to) help.\n"
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    "## What is *Python*?\n",
    "\n",
    "- Python is a *dynamic, interpreted* general purpose programming language initially created by Guido van Rossum in 1991\n",
    "- It is a powerful language that supports several popular programming paradigms:\n",
    "    - procedural\n",
    "    - object-oriented\n",
    "    - functional\n",
    "- Python is widely used in bioinformatics and scientific computing, as well as many other fields and in industry\n",
    "- Python is available on all popular operating systems\n",
    "    - Macs\n",
    "    - Windows\n",
    "    - Linux"
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    "## The Python programming language\n",
    "\n",
    "- Python is considered to come with \"batteries included\" and the <a href=\"https://docs.python.org/3.5/library/\">standard library</a> (some of which we will see in this course) provides built-in support for lots of common tasks:\n",
    "    - numerical & mathematical functions \n",
    "    - interacting with files and the operating system\n",
    "    - ...\n",
    "\n",
    "- There is also a wide range of external libraries for areas not covered in the standard library, such as [Pandas](http://pandas.pydata.org/) the Python Data Analysis Library"
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    "## Getting started\n",
    "\n",
    "- Python is an *interpreted* language, this means that your computer does not run Python code natively, but instead we run our code using the Python interpreter\n",
    "- There are three ways in which you can run Python code:\n",
    "    - Directly typing **commands into the interpreter**: *Good for experimenting with the language, and for some interactive work*\n",
    "    - Using a **Jupyter notebook**: *Great for experimenting with the language, and for sharing and learning*\n",
    "    - Typing code **into a file** and then telling the interpreter to run the code from this file: *Good for larger programs, and when you want to run the same code repeatedly*\n"
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    "## How to start the Python interpreter?\n",
    "\n",
    "- How you start the interpreter will depend on which operating system you are using, but on a Mac or Linux machine you should start a terminal and then just type the command `python3`\n",
    "- This will print out some information about your installation of python and then leave you with a command prompt which looks like `>>>` \n",
    "- You can then type commands and press `Enter` when you're done. Python will run the code you typed, and might display some output on the line below, before leaving you with another prompt.\n",
    "- If you want to exit the interactive interpreter you can type the command `quit()` or type `Ctrl-D`"
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    "## The terminal\n",
    "\n",
    "We will see later how to save code in a file and run it.\n",
    "<center><img src=\"img/terminal.png\"></center>"
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    "## What is a Jupyter notebook?\n",
    "\n",
    "<center><img src=\"img/Jupyter.svg\"></center>\n",
    "\n",
    "- The [Jupyter Notebook](http://jupyter.org/) is a web application that allows you to create and share documents that contain live code, equations, visualizations and explanatory text. \n",
    "\n",
    "- Jupyter provides a rich architecture for interactive data science and scientific computing with: \n",
    "    - Over 40 programming languages such as Python, R, Julia and Scala.\n",
    "    - A browser-based notebook with support for code, rich text, math expressions, plots and other rich media.\n",
    "    - Support for interactive data visualization.\n",
    "    - Easy to use tools for parallel computing."
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    "## How to install Jupyter on your own computer?\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "<center><img src=\"img/Jupyter.svg\"></center>\n",
    "\n",
    "- [See Installing Jupyter Notebook](https://jupyter.readthedocs.io/en/latest/install.html)\n",
    "\n",
    "- For new users, we recommend [installing Anaconda](https://www.continuum.io/downloads). Anaconda conveniently installs Python, the Jupyter Notebook, and other commonly used packages for scientific computing and data science.\n",
    "\n",
    "- Start the notebook server from the command line:\n",
    "```\n",
    "jupyter-notebook\n",
    "```\n",
    "- You should see the notebook home page open in your web browser.\n"
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    "## How to run python in a Jupyter notebook?\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "<center><img src=\"img/Jupyter.svg\"></center>\n",
    "\n",
    "- See [Jupyter Notebook Basics](http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/jupyter/notebook/blob/master/docs/source/examples/Notebook/Notebook%20Basics.ipynb)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "- Go to first session: [Session 1](Session_1.ipynb)"
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