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DAY7

Notes

  • Amazon keeps everything stored permanently even if the connectivity with putty is weak or disturbed(gets inactive)
  • smallest unit of HDD is sector
  • 1 Sector = 512 bytes
  • minimum size of a partition is 512 bytes always
  • 1kb = 1024 bytes = 2 * 512 bytes
  • Deleting or formatting Extended partition leads to loss of all logical partitions
  • Formatting does not mean Deleting data , it creates an environment for HDD to be understood by OS
  • Windows - NTFS(New Technology File System) , Red Hat - XFS , MAC - HFS+
  • common format mode is FAT and vfat - - > detectable on all OS
  • Format makes the index of HDD, inode table entry - empty
  • always partitions are formatted not HDD
  • mkfs. - > followed by double-taps shows all available extensions for format of hdd
  • /mnt # forlder made in linux where new HDD directory are created but not icon
  • /media # forlder made in linux where new HDD directory are created with icon
  • Popular Webserver is Apache which is free
  • Apache is the name of foundation with 3 products ~
    1. apache httpd ( works for all)
    2. apache apache2 ( works only ubuntu type OS)
    3. apache TOMCAT (for JAVA)
  • LAMP - LINUX Apache Mysql PHP
  • NGINX is also a web server
  • IIS - internet information services - best for .net service providing and it is need to be purchased (from microsoft)
  • apache TOMCAT - most powerfull server for JAVA based web-site
  • IRCTC website works on NGINX
  • By default apache can run html websites
  • /var/www/html is the document root for your Apache
  • For task goto http://slashreboot.blogspot.com
  • for google search using python use googlesearch module
  • if need to do both read and write
    1. r+ - > use when file is already created
    2. w+ - > use when file is need to be created

To Attach a Volume

  • Open Instance in running state
  • Go to Volume section ad create ew hard disk
  • use 2 Gb volume size
  • select availability zone
  • create Volume
  • refresh
  • attach Volume

Linux Commands

  • $ fdisk -l # no of hdd attached to linux
  • $ fdisk -l disk-name # shows only the hdd with disk-name given
  • fdisk disk-name # enter in the disk
  • mkfs.xfs partition-name # mkfs - > make file system , xfs - > supportable format
  • $ df # disk free , shows the path of new partition or HDD mounted on OS
  • $ df -h # path of new partitions in human readable format
  • $ df -hT # shows format type
  • $ rpm -q package-name # package available to in system
  • $ rpm -qc package-name # query configuration
  • $ systemctl start package-name # start the service of your package
  • $ systemctl status package-name # check the status of your services

To Create partition in HDD

  • $ fdisk disk-name
  • type print or p #shows present partition if present
  • new or n # to create new partition
  • Select the type of partition primary = p ; extended = e
  • select primary partition and 1 partition
  • starting of the partition should be taken default
  • +size(unit) # example, +300M creates a 300MB size partition
  • to create last partition just keep on using default values to use complete HDD size
Never - Ever delete or format Extended partition
  • To create logical partitions,first needs to create extended partition then only logical partition will be made
  • q to quit without saving and wq to save

Format partition

  • mkfs.extension partition-name

Mount hdd

  • it occurs after ,
    1. Partition creation
    2. Format the HDD
  • if mounting an partition into an OS , the OS will create a folder at some random location and link with /tmp/newvolume which shows the icon on Desktop
  • Mount means creating a folder and map/link the partition
  • make a folder in /mnt #it will not make an icon
  • use the Command
mount /dev/xvdf1 /mnt/mypart
  • to make an icon, mount HDD in /media by making a folder in it

Make mounting permanent

* open /etc/fstab
* at end write
  partition-name mount-folder format-type
* $ mount -a # checks if mounting is done properly

Server

  • Server is a kind of service provider example ~
    1. Gmail - email Server
    2. Youtube - streaming Server
    3. Teacher - knowledge Server
    4. Projector - visual server
  • Client is a service receiver and service is obtained after receiver request

Architecture

  many-client -  -  internet/network ---- (server)
  • web-server is one which provides a web-page

To deploy any server

  1. Install software related to that server
$ yum install httpd # if not present in OS
  1. Configure the changes --(do rquired changes) # no need for html
  2. Start service
$ systemctl start httpd

* To start any service in Redhat use command to start any service, httpd replace by any services
  1. Check for status using
$ systemctl status httpd

Deploy your own web-site

  • Create a web-package and save it in /var/www/html
  • On AWS allow http port from security part
  • Open a web-browser , in URL insert aws-ip/page-name

Directory / File Handling

  1. things that can be done with a directory are : * create * delete * permission * rename * store * cp * cut * blank

  2. work to do in file-Handling * permission - no need to Open * read - need * create - file need to be opened * append - need * write - need * delete - no need

OS module

* chdir = change Directory
* curdir = present working Directory