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device-drivers-linux.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>Device Drivers in Linux</title>
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<meta name="description" content="Compiling Linux Kernel From Source, How Device Drivers are Implemented in Linux, Manually Loading of Kernel Modules, Purpose of Udev.">
<meta name="author" content="Shreyas MM" />
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<meta property="og:title" content="Device Drivers in Linux" />
<meta property="og:description" content="Compiling Linux Kernel From Source, How Device Drivers are Implemented in Linux, Manually Loading of Kernel Modules, Purpose of Udev." />
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<meta property="article:published_time" content="2015-12-10 11:02:06 +0000" />
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color: #000;
}
a:hover {
text-decoration: none;
}
a:focus {
outline: thin dotted;
}
a:hover, a:active {
outline: none;
}
ul, ol {
margin-bottom: 1em;
}
ul li, ol li {
margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.list-unstyled, .list-inline {
padding-left: 0;
list-style: none;
}
.list-inline > li {
display: inline-block;
margin: 0 -5px 0 0;
}
dl {
margin-top: 0;
margin-bottom: 1em;
}
dt,
dd {
line-height: 1.44;
}
dt {
font-weight: bold;
}
dd {
margin-left: 0;
}
blockquote,
blockquote p,
q {
color: #495057;
}
blockquote {
padding-left: 0.5em;
font-size: 1.2em;
letter-spacing: -1px;
border-left: 4px solid #495057;
}
blockquote > :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0;
}
blockquote cite {
display: block;
color: #212529;
}
blockquote cite:before {
content: "— ";
}
blockquote cite a,
blockquote cite a:visited {
color: #212529;
}
pre,
code {
font-size: 15px;
border: 1px solid #e9ecef;
border-radius: 3px;
background-color: #eef;
}
code {
padding: 1px 5px;
}
pre {
overflow-x: scroll;
padding: 8px 12px;
}
pre > code {
padding-right: 0;
padding-left: 0;
border: 0;
}
.page {
padding-bottom: 4em;
}
.page, .wrapper {
margin-right: auto;
margin-left: auto;
max-width: 100%;
}
.wrapper {
padding-right: 1em;
padding-left: 1em;
max-width: 40em;
}
.grid {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(8em, 1fr));
grid-gap: 2vmin;
margin-bottom: 1em;
}
/*! system-font.css v1.1.0 | CC0-1.0 License | github.com/jonathantneal/system-font-face */
@font-face {
font-family: system;
font-style: normal;
font-weight: 300;
src: local(".SFNSText-Light"), local(".HelveticaNeueDeskInterface-Light"), local(".LucidaGrandeUI"), local("Segoe UI Light"), local("Ubuntu Light"), local("Roboto-Light"), local("DroidSans"), local("Tahoma");
}
@font-face {
font-family: system;
font-style: italic;
font-weight: 300;
src: local(".SFNSText-LightItalic"), local(".HelveticaNeueDeskInterface-Italic"), local(".LucidaGrandeUI"), local("Segoe UI Light Italic"), local("Ubuntu Light Italic"), local("Roboto-LightItalic"), local("DroidSans"), local("Tahoma");
}
@font-face {
font-family: system;
font-style: normal;
font-weight: 400;
src: local(".SFNSText-Regular"), local(".HelveticaNeueDeskInterface-Regular"), local(".LucidaGrandeUI"), local("Segoe UI"), local("Ubuntu"), local("Roboto-Regular"), local("DroidSans"), local("Tahoma");
}
@font-face {
font-family: system;
font-style: italic;
font-weight: 400;
src: local(".SFNSText-Italic"), local(".HelveticaNeueDeskInterface-Italic"), local(".LucidaGrandeUI"), local("Segoe UI Italic"), local("Ubuntu Italic"), local("Roboto-Italic"), local("DroidSans"), local("Tahoma");
}
@font-face {
font-family: system;
font-style: normal;
font-weight: 500;
src: local(".SFNSText-Medium"), local(".HelveticaNeueDeskInterface-MediumP4"), local(".LucidaGrandeUI"), local("Segoe UI Semibold"), local("Ubuntu Medium"), local("Roboto-Medium"), local("DroidSans-Bold"), local("Tahoma Bold");
}
@font-face {
font-family: system;
font-style: italic;
font-weight: 500;
src: local(".SFNSText-MediumItalic"), local(".HelveticaNeueDeskInterface-MediumItalicP4"), local(".LucidaGrandeUI"), local("Segoe UI Semibold Italic"), local("Ubuntu Medium Italic"), local("Roboto-MediumItalic"), local("DroidSans-Bold"), local("Tahoma Bold");
}
@font-face {
font-family: system;
font-style: normal;
font-weight: 700;
src: local(".SFNSText-Bold"), local(".HelveticaNeueDeskInterface-Bold"), local(".LucidaGrandeUI"), local("Segoe UI Bold"), local("Ubuntu Bold"), local("Roboto-Bold"), local("DroidSans-Bold"), local("Tahoma Bold");
}
@font-face {
font-family: system;
font-style: italic;
font-weight: 700;
src: local(".SFNSText-BoldItalic"), local(".HelveticaNeueDeskInterface-BoldItalic"), local(".LucidaGrandeUI"), local("Segoe UI Bold Italic"), local("Ubuntu Bold Italic"), local("Roboto-BoldItalic"), local("DroidSans-Bold"), local("Tahoma Bold");
}
/* styling skip links */
.skip-links {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
width: 100%;
}
.skip-links a {
position: absolute;
overflow: hidden;
display: inline-block;
clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);
padding: 0.5em;
background: black;
color: white;
text-decoration: none;
}
.skip-links a:focus {
position: static;
overflow: visible;
clip: auto;
}
.site-header {
position: relative;
margin-bottom: 2em;
padding: 0 1em;
text-align: center;
color: #fff;
z-index: 0;
}
.site-header-top {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: space-between;
align-items: center;
padding: 0.5em 1em;
width: 100%;
background: transparent;
}
@media only screen and (min-width:56.313em) {
.site-header-top {
flex-direction: row;
}
}
.site-header-hero {
padding: 0;
background-size: cover;
background-position: center center;
background: #495057;
background-image: linear-gradient(to top, #495057 0%, #212529 100%);
}
.site-header-hero .wrapper {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
min-height: 40vmin;
}
.site-header-hero a {
text-decoration: none;
color: currentColor;
}
.site-header-hero a:visited {
color: currentColor;
}
.site-header-hero::after {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
bottom: 0;
content: "";
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
z-index: -1;
opacity: 1;
transition: opacity 1500ms ease-in-out;
}
.site-header.b-lazy::after {
opacity: 1;
}
.site-header-background {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
object-fit: cover;
z-index: -1;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
transition: opacity 200ms ease-in-out;
}
.site-title {
display: block;
margin: 0;
font-size: 1.728em;
line-height: 1;
color: currentColor;
text-decoration: none;
}
.site-title-hero {
display: inline-block;
padding: 0.5em;
font-size: 2.0736em;
font-weight: 300;
}
.site-title-link {
color: currentColor;
text-decoration: none;
}
.site-title-link, .site-title-link:visited {
color: currentColor;
}
.site-information {
margin: 0;
}
.site-slogan {
text-align: center;
color: #fff;
}
.exergue {
margin-top: -2em;
padding: 1em;
width: 100%;
text-align: center;
color: #fff;
background: #212529;
}
.exergue small {
display: block;
clear: both;
width: 100%;
}
.exergue a {
color: #fff;
}
.exergue a:hover {
text-decoration: none;
}
nav ul {
list-style: none;
}
@media only screen and (max-width:37.437em) {
.nav-main {
overflow-y: hidden !important;
height: 40px !important;
border-top: 1px solid;
border-bottom: 1px solid;
}
}
.nav-main ul {
margin: 0;
padding: 0.3em 0;
min-width: 100%;
list-style: none;
text-align: center;
}
@media only screen and (max-width:37.437em) {
.nav-main ul {
display: block;
white-space: nowrap;
padding-bottom: 100px !important;
overflow-y: hidden;
overflow-x: auto;
}
}
@media only screen and (min-width:56.313em) {
.wrapper--flex .nav-main ul {
text-align: right;
}
}
.nav-main li {
display: inline-block;
text-align: center;
margin: 0;
padding: 0rem 0.5rem 0;
}
.nav-main a {
font-weight: bold;
}
.nav-main a + .nav-main a {
margin-left: 1em;
}
</style>
<script>
/*
loadCSS: load a CSS file asynchronously.
[c]2015 @scottjehl, Filament Group, Inc.
Licensed MIT
*/
(function(w){
"use strict";
/* exported loadCSS */
w.loadCSS = function( href, before, media ){
// Arguments explained:
// `href` [REQUIRED] is the URL for your CSS file.