diff --git a/dist/client/client.js b/dist/client/client.js
index 5c70e59..8362235 100644
--- a/dist/client/client.js
+++ b/dist/client/client.js
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ function generateClientId(prefix) {
 }
 /**
  * Implements exponential backoff sleep with optional randomization
+ * based on https://dthain.blogspot.com/2009/02/exponential-backoff-in-distributed.html
  * @param random - Whether to add randomization to the delay
  * @param attempt - The attempt number (used to calculate delay)
  * @returns Promise that resolves after the calculated delay
@@ -67,6 +68,8 @@ export class Client {
      * @returns Promise resolving to a SockConn connection
      */
     createConn(protocol, _hostname, _port, _caCerts, _cert, _key) {
+        // if you need to support alternative connection types just
+        // overload this method in your subclass
         throw `Unsupported protocol: ${protocol}`;
     }
     /**
@@ -85,6 +88,7 @@ export class Client {
             logger.debug(`${isReconnect ? "re" : ""}connecting`);
             try {
                 const conn = await this.createConn(this.url.protocol, this.url.hostname, Number(this.url.port) ?? undefined, this.caCerts, this.cert, this.key);
+                // if we get this far we have a connection
                 tryConnect =
                     (await this.ctx.handleConnection(conn, this.connectPacket)) &&
                         this.autoReconnect;
diff --git a/dist/server/handlers/handleConnect.js b/dist/server/handlers/handleConnect.js
index dbd43ef..7ce810d 100644
--- a/dist/server/handlers/handleConnect.js
+++ b/dist/server/handlers/handleConnect.js
@@ -1,38 +1,63 @@
 import { AuthenticationResult, logger, PacketType, Timer, } from "../deps.js";
+/**
+ * Checks if the client is authenticated based on the provided credentials
+ * @param ctx - The connection context
+ * @param packet - The MQTT CONNECT packet
+ * @returns Authentication result indicating if the client is authenticated
+ */
 function isAuthenticated(ctx, packet) {
     if (ctx.handlers.isAuthenticated) {
         return ctx.handlers.isAuthenticated(ctx, packet.clientId || "", packet.username || "", packet.password || new Uint8Array(0));
     }
     return AuthenticationResult.ok;
 }
+/**
+ * Validates the CONNECT packet
+ * @param ctx - The connection context
+ * @param packet - The MQTT CONNECT packet to validate
+ * @returns Authentication result indicating if the CONNECT packet is valid
+ */
 function validateConnect(ctx, packet) {
     if (packet.protocolLevel !== 4) {
         return AuthenticationResult.unacceptableProtocol;
     }
     return isAuthenticated(ctx, packet);
 }
+/**
+ * Processes the validated CONNECT packet
+ * @param packet - The MQTT CONNECT packet
+ * @param ctx - The connection context
+ * @param clientId - The client ID
+ */
+function processValidatedConnect(packet, ctx, clientId) {
+    if (packet.will) {
+        ctx.will = {
+            type: PacketType.publish,
+            qos: packet.will.qos,
+            retain: packet.will.retain,
+            topic: packet.will.topic,
+            payload: packet.will.payload,
+        };
+    }
+    ctx.connect(clientId, packet.clean || false);
+    const keepAlive = packet.keepAlive || 0;
+    if (keepAlive > 0) {
+        logger.debug(`Setting keepalive to ${keepAlive * 1500} ms`);
+        ctx.timer = new Timer(() => {
+            ctx.close();
+        }, Math.floor(keepAlive * 1500));
+    }
+}
+/**
+ * Handles the MQTT CONNECT packet
+ * @param ctx - The connection context
+ * @param packet - The MQTT CONNECT packet to handle
+ */
 export function handleConnect(ctx, packet) {
     const clientId = packet.clientId || `Opifex-${crypto.randomUUID()}`;
     const returnCode = validateConnect(ctx, packet);
-    // connect is ok
     if (returnCode === AuthenticationResult.ok) {
-        if (packet.will) {
-            ctx.will = {
-                type: PacketType.publish,
-                qos: packet.will.qos,
-                retain: packet.will.retain,
-                topic: packet.will.topic,
-                payload: packet.will.payload,
-            };
-        }
-        ctx.connect(clientId, packet.clean || false);
-        const keepAlive = packet.keepAlive || 0;
-        if (keepAlive > 0) {
-            logger.debug(`Setting keepalive to ${keepAlive * 1500} ms`);
-            ctx.timer = new Timer(() => {
-                ctx.close();
-            }, Math.floor(keepAlive * 1500));
-        }
+        processValidatedConnect(packet, ctx, clientId);
     }
     const sessionPresent = false;
     ctx.send({
diff --git a/dist/server/handlers/handleDisconnect.js b/dist/server/handlers/handleDisconnect.js
index d80de8d..b7f895e 100644
--- a/dist/server/handlers/handleDisconnect.js
+++ b/dist/server/handlers/handleDisconnect.js
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+/**
+ * Handles client disconnection by clearing the will message and closing the connection
+ * @param {Context} ctx - The connection context object
+ * @returns {void}
+ */
 export function handleDisconnect(ctx) {
     ctx.will = undefined;
     ctx.close();
diff --git a/dist/server/handlers/handlePacket.js b/dist/server/handlers/handlePacket.js
index 942687d..689400f 100644
--- a/dist/server/handlers/handlePacket.js
+++ b/dist/server/handlers/handlePacket.js
@@ -10,6 +10,13 @@ import { handleSubscribe } from "./handleSubscribe.js";
 import { handleUnsubscribe } from "./handleUnsubscribe.js";
 import { handleDisconnect } from "./handleDisconnect.js";
 import { logger } from "../deps.js";
+/**
+ * Handles incoming MQTT packets based on their type and connection state
+ * @param ctx - The connection context containing client state and configuration
+ * @param packet - The MQTT packet to handle
+ * @throws Error if receiving unexpected packet types or packets before connect
+ * @returns Promise that resolves when packet handling is complete
+ */
 export async function handlePacket(ctx, packet) {
     logger.debug("handling", PacketNameByType[packet.type]);
     logger.debug(JSON.stringify(packet, null, 2));
diff --git a/dist/server/handlers/handlePingreq.js b/dist/server/handlers/handlePingreq.js
index 083ef74..dd46789 100644
--- a/dist/server/handlers/handlePingreq.js
+++ b/dist/server/handlers/handlePingreq.js
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
 import { PacketType } from "../deps.js";
+/**
+ * Handles PINGREQ packet by responding with a PINGRESP packet
+ * @param ctx - The connection context containing send method
+ * @returns Promise that resolves when PINGRESP is sent
+ */
 export async function handlePingreq(ctx) {
     await ctx.send({
         type: PacketType.pingres,
diff --git a/dist/server/handlers/handlePuback.js b/dist/server/handlers/handlePuback.js
index 724bd7e..187a5a8 100644
--- a/dist/server/handlers/handlePuback.js
+++ b/dist/server/handlers/handlePuback.js
@@ -1,4 +1,12 @@
-// A PUBACK Packet is the response to a PUBLISH Packet with QoS level 1.
+/**
+ * Handles PUBACK (Publish Acknowledgment) packets in MQTT protocol
+ * @param ctx - The connection context containing the client's state and configuration
+ * @param packet - The PUBACK packet received from the client
+ * @description
+ * PUBACK packets are sent in response to PUBLISH packets with QoS level 1.
+ * This function removes the original PUBLISH packet from the pending outgoing messages store
+ * once acknowledgment is received.
+ */
 export function handlePuback(ctx, packet) {
     // qos 1 only
     const id = packet.id;
diff --git a/dist/server/handlers/handlePubcomp.js b/dist/server/handlers/handlePubcomp.js
index ac79b3a..009169e 100644
--- a/dist/server/handlers/handlePubcomp.js
+++ b/dist/server/handlers/handlePubcomp.js
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
-// The PUBCOMP Packet is the response to a PUBREL Packet.
-// It is the fourth and final packet of the QoS 2 protocol exchange.
+/**
+ * Handles PUBCOMP packets which are the response to PUBREL packets in QoS 2 flow
+ * @param ctx - The connection context containing the client state and configuration
+ * @param packet - The PUBCOMP packet received from the client
+ * @description
+ * This is the fourth and final packet of the QoS 2 protocol exchange.
+ * When received, it removes the message from the pendingAckOutgoing store.
+ */
 export function handlePubcomp(ctx, packet) {
     const id = packet.id;
     if (ctx.store?.pendingAckOutgoing.has(id)) {
diff --git a/dist/server/handlers/handlePublish.js b/dist/server/handlers/handlePublish.js
index a95df01..b5e9f81 100644
--- a/dist/server/handlers/handlePublish.js
+++ b/dist/server/handlers/handlePublish.js
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 import { SysPrefix } from "../context.js";
 import { PacketType } from "../deps.js";
+/**
+ * Checks if a client is authorized to publish to a given topic
+ * @param ctx - The connection context
+ * @param topic - The topic to check authorization for
+ * @returns boolean indicating if client is authorized to publish
+ */
 function authorizedToPublish(ctx, topic) {
     if (topic.startsWith(SysPrefix)) {
         return false;
@@ -9,6 +15,13 @@ function authorizedToPublish(ctx, topic) {
     }
     return true;
 }
+/**
+ * Handles MQTT PUBLISH packets
+ * @param ctx - The connection context
+ * @param packet - The PUBLISH packet to process
+ * @returns Promise that resolves when packet is processed
+ * @throws Error if packet processing fails
+ */
 export async function handlePublish(ctx, packet) {
     if (!authorizedToPublish(ctx, packet.topic)) {
         return;
diff --git a/dist/server/handlers/handlePubrec.js b/dist/server/handlers/handlePubrec.js
index 041473f..828f833 100644
--- a/dist/server/handlers/handlePubrec.js
+++ b/dist/server/handlers/handlePubrec.js
@@ -1,7 +1,15 @@
 import { PacketType } from "../deps.js";
-// qos 2
-// Discard message, Store PUBREC received <Packet Identifier>
-// send PUBREL <Packet Identifier>
+/**
+ * Handles PUBREC (QoS 2 Publish Received) packets
+ * @param ctx - The connection context
+ * @param packet - The PUBREC packet received from the client
+ * @returns Promise that resolves when handling is complete
+ * @description
+ * For QoS 2 message flow:
+ * 1. Discards the original publish message
+ * 2. Stores that PUBREC was received for the packet ID
+ * 3. Sends PUBREL packet in response
+ */
 export async function handlePubrec(ctx, packet) {
     const id = packet.id;
     if (ctx.store?.pendingOutgoing.has(id)) {
diff --git a/dist/server/handlers/handlePubrel.js b/dist/server/handlers/handlePubrel.js
index 9a4d4cb..bfcd268 100644
--- a/dist/server/handlers/handlePubrel.js
+++ b/dist/server/handlers/handlePubrel.js
@@ -1,7 +1,16 @@
 import { PacketType } from "../deps.js";
-// qos 2 only
-// Method A, Initiate onward delivery of the Application Message1  then discard message
-// Send PUBCOMP <Packet Identifier>
+/**
+ * Handles PUBREL (QoS 2 publish release) packets
+ *
+ * @param ctx - The connection context
+ * @param packet - The PUBREL packet received from the client
+ * @returns Promise that resolves when handling is complete
+ * @description
+ * For QoS 2 message delivery:
+ * 1. Initiates onward delivery of the Application Message
+ * 2. Discards the stored message
+ * 3. Sends PUBCOMP packet with the Packet Identifier
+ */
 export async function handlePubrel(ctx, packet) {
     const id = packet.id;
     if (ctx.store?.pendingIncoming.has(id)) {
diff --git a/dist/server/handlers/handleSubscribe.js b/dist/server/handlers/handleSubscribe.js
index a374faf..24e6fe5 100644
--- a/dist/server/handlers/handleSubscribe.js
+++ b/dist/server/handlers/handleSubscribe.js
@@ -1,14 +1,35 @@
 import { PacketType, } from "../deps.js";
+/**
+ * @constant {number} SubscriptionFailure
+ * @description Code indicating a failed subscription attempt
+ */
 const SubscriptionFailure = 0x80;
+/**
+ * Checks if a client is authorized to subscribe to a topic
+ * @param  ctx - The connection context
+ * @param  topicFilter - The topic filter to check authorization for
+ * @returns True if authorized, false otherwise
+ */
 function authorizedToSubscribe(ctx, topicFilter) {
     if (ctx.handlers.isAuthorizedToSubscribe) {
         return ctx.handlers.isAuthorizedToSubscribe(ctx, topicFilter);
     }
     return true;
 }
+/**
+ * @function handleSubscribe
+ * @description Processes an MQTT SUBSCRIBE packet
+ * @param {Context} ctx - The connection context
+ * @param {SubscribePacket} packet - The SUBSCRIBE packet received from the client
+ * @returns {Promise<void>}
+ * @throws {Error} If subscription processing fails
+ * @remarks The order of return codes in the SUBACK Packet MUST match the order of Topic Filters in the SUBSCRIBE Packet [MQTT-3.9.3-1]
+ */
 export async function handleSubscribe(ctx, packet) {
-    //  The order of return codes in the SUBACK Packet MUST match the order of
-    //  Topic Filters in the SUBSCRIBE Packet [MQTT-3.9.3-1].
+    /*
+     * The order of return codes in the SUBACK Packet MUST match the order of
+     * Topic Filters in the SUBSCRIBE Packet [MQTT-3.9.3-1].
+     */
     const validSubscriptions = [];
     const returnCodes = packet.subscriptions.map((sub) => {
         if (ctx.store) {
@@ -19,14 +40,16 @@ export async function handleSubscribe(ctx, packet) {
             validSubscriptions.push(sub);
             return sub.qos;
         }
-        return SubscriptionFailure; // failure
+        return SubscriptionFailure;
     });
     await ctx.send({
         type: PacketType.suback,
         id: packet.id,
         returnCodes: returnCodes,
     });
-    // send any retained messages that match these subscriptions
+    /*
+     * send any retained messages that match these subscriptions
+     */
     if (ctx.store) {
         ctx.persistence.handleRetained(ctx.store.clientId);
     }
diff --git a/dist/server/handlers/handleUnsubscribe.js b/dist/server/handlers/handleUnsubscribe.js
index afb4e27..0ab160f 100644
--- a/dist/server/handlers/handleUnsubscribe.js
+++ b/dist/server/handlers/handleUnsubscribe.js
@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
 import { PacketType } from "../deps.js";
+/**
+ * Handles MQTT unsubscribe packets by removing subscriptions and sending acknowledgement
+ * @param ctx - The connection context containing client information and methods
+ * @param packet - The MQTT unsubscribe packet containing topics to unsubscribe from
+ * @returns Promise that resolves when unsubscribe is complete and acknowledged
+ */
 export async function handleUnsubscribe(ctx, packet) {
     for (const topic of packet.topicFilters) {
         if (ctx.store) {
diff --git a/server/handlers/handleConnect.ts b/server/handlers/handleConnect.ts
index ad23974..f651058 100644
--- a/server/handlers/handleConnect.ts
+++ b/server/handlers/handleConnect.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,12 @@ import {
   Timer,
 } from "../deps.ts";
 
+/**
+ * Checks if the client is authenticated based on the provided credentials
+ * @param ctx - The connection context
+ * @param packet - The MQTT CONNECT packet
+ * @returns Authentication result indicating if the client is authenticated
+ */
 function isAuthenticated(
   ctx: Context,
   packet: ConnectPacket,
@@ -23,6 +29,12 @@ function isAuthenticated(
   return AuthenticationResult.ok;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Validates the CONNECT packet
+ * @param ctx - The connection context
+ * @param packet - The MQTT CONNECT packet to validate
+ * @returns Authentication result indicating if the CONNECT packet is valid
+ */
 function validateConnect(
   ctx: Context,
   packet: ConnectPacket,
@@ -33,34 +45,50 @@ function validateConnect(
   return isAuthenticated(ctx, packet);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Processes the validated CONNECT packet
+ * @param packet - The MQTT CONNECT packet
+ * @param ctx - The connection context
+ * @param clientId - The client ID
+ */
+function processValidatedConnect(
+  packet: ConnectPacket,
+  ctx: Context,
+  clientId: string,
+) {
+  if (packet.will) {
+    ctx.will = {
+      type: PacketType.publish,
+      qos: packet.will.qos,
+      retain: packet.will.retain,
+      topic: packet.will.topic,
+      payload: packet.will.payload,
+    };
+  }
+
+  ctx.connect(clientId, packet.clean || false);
+
+  const keepAlive = packet.keepAlive || 0;
+  if (keepAlive > 0) {
+    logger.debug(`Setting keepalive to ${keepAlive * 1500} ms`);
+    ctx.timer = new Timer(() => {
+      ctx.close();
+    }, Math.floor(keepAlive * 1500));
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Handles the MQTT CONNECT packet
+ * @param ctx - The connection context
+ * @param packet - The MQTT CONNECT packet to handle
+ */
 export function handleConnect(ctx: Context, packet: ConnectPacket): void {
   const clientId = packet.clientId || `Opifex-${crypto.randomUUID()}`;
   const returnCode = validateConnect(ctx, packet);
-  // connect is ok
   if (returnCode === AuthenticationResult.ok) {
-    if (packet.will) {
-      ctx.will = {
-        type: PacketType.publish,
-        qos: packet.will.qos,
-        retain: packet.will.retain,
-        topic: packet.will.topic,
-        payload: packet.will.payload,
-      };
-    }
-
-    ctx.connect(clientId, packet.clean || false);
-
-    const keepAlive = packet.keepAlive || 0;
-    if (keepAlive > 0) {
-      logger.debug(`Setting keepalive to ${keepAlive * 1500} ms`);
-      ctx.timer = new Timer(() => {
-        ctx.close();
-      }, Math.floor(keepAlive * 1500));
-    }
+    processValidatedConnect(packet, ctx, clientId);
   }
-
   const sessionPresent = false;
-
   ctx.send({
     type: PacketType.connack,
     sessionPresent,
diff --git a/server/handlers/handleDisconnect.ts b/server/handlers/handleDisconnect.ts
index 333ac8d..8811958 100644
--- a/server/handlers/handleDisconnect.ts
+++ b/server/handlers/handleDisconnect.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 import type { Context } from "../context.ts";
 
+/**
+ * Handles client disconnection by clearing the will message and closing the connection
+ * @param {Context} ctx - The connection context object
+ * @returns {void}
+ */
 export function handleDisconnect(ctx: Context): void {
   ctx.will = undefined;
   ctx.close();
diff --git a/server/handlers/handlePacket.ts b/server/handlers/handlePacket.ts
index 103b01d..eaf00a8 100644
--- a/server/handlers/handlePacket.ts
+++ b/server/handlers/handlePacket.ts
@@ -23,6 +23,13 @@ import { handleUnsubscribe } from "./handleUnsubscribe.ts";
 import { handleDisconnect } from "./handleDisconnect.ts";
 import { logger } from "../deps.ts";
 
+/**
+ * Handles incoming MQTT packets based on their type and connection state
+ * @param ctx - The connection context containing client state and configuration
+ * @param packet - The MQTT packet to handle
+ * @throws Error if receiving unexpected packet types or packets before connect
+ * @returns Promise that resolves when packet handling is complete
+ */
 export async function handlePacket(
   ctx: Context,
   packet: AnyPacket,
diff --git a/server/handlers/handlePingreq.ts b/server/handlers/handlePingreq.ts
index 55c333c..d2ab92e 100644
--- a/server/handlers/handlePingreq.ts
+++ b/server/handlers/handlePingreq.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 import type { Context } from "../context.ts";
 import { PacketType } from "../deps.ts";
 
+/**
+ * Handles PINGREQ packet by responding with a PINGRESP packet
+ * @param ctx - The connection context containing send method
+ * @returns Promise that resolves when PINGRESP is sent
+ */
+
 export async function handlePingreq(ctx: Context): Promise<void> {
   await ctx.send({
     type: PacketType.pingres,
diff --git a/server/handlers/handlePuback.ts b/server/handlers/handlePuback.ts
index 6a627b7..571094c 100644
--- a/server/handlers/handlePuback.ts
+++ b/server/handlers/handlePuback.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,15 @@
 import type { Context } from "../context.ts";
 import type { PubackPacket } from "../deps.ts";
 
-// A PUBACK Packet is the response to a PUBLISH Packet with QoS level 1.
-
+/**
+ * Handles PUBACK (Publish Acknowledgment) packets in MQTT protocol
+ * @param ctx - The connection context containing the client's state and configuration
+ * @param packet - The PUBACK packet received from the client
+ * @description
+ * PUBACK packets are sent in response to PUBLISH packets with QoS level 1.
+ * This function removes the original PUBLISH packet from the pending outgoing messages store
+ * once acknowledgment is received.
+ */
 export function handlePuback(ctx: Context, packet: PubackPacket) {
   // qos 1 only
   const id = packet.id;
diff --git a/server/handlers/handlePubcomp.ts b/server/handlers/handlePubcomp.ts
index 1e3efea..3974391 100644
--- a/server/handlers/handlePubcomp.ts
+++ b/server/handlers/handlePubcomp.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
 import type { Context } from "../context.ts";
 import type { PubcompPacket } from "../deps.ts";
 
-// The PUBCOMP Packet is the response to a PUBREL Packet.
-// It is the fourth and final packet of the QoS 2 protocol exchange.
-
+/**
+ * Handles PUBCOMP packets which are the response to PUBREL packets in QoS 2 flow
+ * @param ctx - The connection context containing the client state and configuration
+ * @param packet - The PUBCOMP packet received from the client
+ * @description
+ * This is the fourth and final packet of the QoS 2 protocol exchange.
+ * When received, it removes the message from the pendingAckOutgoing store.
+ */
 export function handlePubcomp(ctx: Context, packet: PubcompPacket): void {
   const id = packet.id;
   if (ctx.store?.pendingAckOutgoing.has(id)) {
diff --git a/server/handlers/handlePublish.ts b/server/handlers/handlePublish.ts
index 3e80d40..8d459b8 100644
--- a/server/handlers/handlePublish.ts
+++ b/server/handlers/handlePublish.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 import { type Context, SysPrefix } from "../context.ts";
 import { PacketType, type PublishPacket, type Topic } from "../deps.ts";
 
+/**
+ * Checks if a client is authorized to publish to a given topic
+ * @param ctx - The connection context
+ * @param topic - The topic to check authorization for
+ * @returns boolean indicating if client is authorized to publish
+ */
 function authorizedToPublish(ctx: Context, topic: Topic) {
   if (topic.startsWith(SysPrefix)) {
     return false;
@@ -11,6 +17,13 @@ function authorizedToPublish(ctx: Context, topic: Topic) {
   return true;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Handles MQTT PUBLISH packets
+ * @param ctx - The connection context
+ * @param packet - The PUBLISH packet to process
+ * @returns Promise that resolves when packet is processed
+ * @throws Error if packet processing fails
+ */
 export async function handlePublish(
   ctx: Context,
   packet: PublishPacket,
diff --git a/server/handlers/handlePubrec.ts b/server/handlers/handlePubrec.ts
index 080e295..5ff8398 100644
--- a/server/handlers/handlePubrec.ts
+++ b/server/handlers/handlePubrec.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,17 @@
 import type { Context } from "../context.ts";
 import { PacketType, type PubrecPacket } from "../deps.ts";
 
-// qos 2
-// Discard message, Store PUBREC received <Packet Identifier>
-// send PUBREL <Packet Identifier>
+/**
+ * Handles PUBREC (QoS 2 Publish Received) packets
+ * @param ctx - The connection context
+ * @param packet - The PUBREC packet received from the client
+ * @returns Promise that resolves when handling is complete
+ * @description
+ * For QoS 2 message flow:
+ * 1. Discards the original publish message
+ * 2. Stores that PUBREC was received for the packet ID
+ * 3. Sends PUBREL packet in response
+ */
 export async function handlePubrec(
   ctx: Context,
   packet: PubrecPacket,
diff --git a/server/handlers/handlePubrel.ts b/server/handlers/handlePubrel.ts
index 3a9b178..40ca3c8 100644
--- a/server/handlers/handlePubrel.ts
+++ b/server/handlers/handlePubrel.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,18 @@
 import type { Context } from "../context.ts";
 import { PacketType, type PubrelPacket } from "../deps.ts";
 
-// qos 2 only
-// Method A, Initiate onward delivery of the Application Message1  then discard message
-// Send PUBCOMP <Packet Identifier>
-
+/**
+ * Handles PUBREL (QoS 2 publish release) packets
+ *
+ * @param ctx - The connection context
+ * @param packet - The PUBREL packet received from the client
+ * @returns Promise that resolves when handling is complete
+ * @description
+ * For QoS 2 message delivery:
+ * 1. Initiates onward delivery of the Application Message
+ * 2. Discards the stored message
+ * 3. Sends PUBCOMP packet with the Packet Identifier
+ */
 export async function handlePubrel(
   ctx: Context,
   packet: PubrelPacket,
diff --git a/server/handlers/handleSubscribe.ts b/server/handlers/handleSubscribe.ts
index 0ab1e80..d4e0a25 100644
--- a/server/handlers/handleSubscribe.ts
+++ b/server/handlers/handleSubscribe.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,18 @@ import {
   type Topic,
 } from "../deps.ts";
 
+/**
+ * @constant {number} SubscriptionFailure
+ * @description Code indicating a failed subscription attempt
+ */
 const SubscriptionFailure = 0x80;
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a client is authorized to subscribe to a topic
+ * @param  ctx - The connection context
+ * @param  topicFilter - The topic filter to check authorization for
+ * @returns True if authorized, false otherwise
+ */
 function authorizedToSubscribe(ctx: Context, topicFilter: Topic) {
   if (ctx.handlers.isAuthorizedToSubscribe) {
     return ctx.handlers.isAuthorizedToSubscribe(ctx, topicFilter);
@@ -14,13 +25,23 @@ function authorizedToSubscribe(ctx: Context, topicFilter: Topic) {
   return true;
 }
 
+/**
+ * @function handleSubscribe
+ * @description Processes an MQTT SUBSCRIBE packet
+ * @param {Context} ctx - The connection context
+ * @param {SubscribePacket} packet - The SUBSCRIBE packet received from the client
+ * @returns {Promise<void>}
+ * @throws {Error} If subscription processing fails
+ * @remarks The order of return codes in the SUBACK Packet MUST match the order of Topic Filters in the SUBSCRIBE Packet [MQTT-3.9.3-1]
+ */
 export async function handleSubscribe(
   ctx: Context,
   packet: SubscribePacket,
 ): Promise<void> {
-  //  The order of return codes in the SUBACK Packet MUST match the order of
-  //  Topic Filters in the SUBSCRIBE Packet [MQTT-3.9.3-1].
-
+  /*
+   * The order of return codes in the SUBACK Packet MUST match the order of
+   * Topic Filters in the SUBSCRIBE Packet [MQTT-3.9.3-1].
+   */
   const validSubscriptions: Subscription[] = [];
   const returnCodes = packet.subscriptions.map((sub) => {
     if (ctx.store) {
@@ -31,7 +52,7 @@ export async function handleSubscribe(
       validSubscriptions.push(sub);
       return sub.qos;
     }
-    return SubscriptionFailure; // failure
+    return SubscriptionFailure;
   });
 
   await ctx.send({
@@ -40,7 +61,9 @@ export async function handleSubscribe(
     returnCodes: returnCodes,
   });
 
-  // send any retained messages that match these subscriptions
+  /*
+   * send any retained messages that match these subscriptions
+   */
   if (ctx.store) {
     ctx.persistence.handleRetained(ctx.store.clientId);
   }
diff --git a/server/handlers/handleUnsubscribe.ts b/server/handlers/handleUnsubscribe.ts
index 1b3b8a8..6c32475 100644
--- a/server/handlers/handleUnsubscribe.ts
+++ b/server/handlers/handleUnsubscribe.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 import type { Context } from "../context.ts";
 import { PacketType, type UnsubscribePacket } from "../deps.ts";
 
+/**
+ * Handles MQTT unsubscribe packets by removing subscriptions and sending acknowledgement
+ * @param ctx - The connection context containing client information and methods
+ * @param packet - The MQTT unsubscribe packet containing topics to unsubscribe from
+ * @returns Promise that resolves when unsubscribe is complete and acknowledged
+ */
 export async function handleUnsubscribe(
   ctx: Context,
   packet: UnsubscribePacket,