| title | authors | authorLinks | affiliations | translators | translatorLinks | date | dataset | abstract | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genomic analysis of COVID-19 spread. Situation report 2020-03-20. |
|
Fred Hutch, Seattle, USA; Biozentrum, Basel, Switzerland; CZI, CA, USA |
2020 March 20 |
This report uses publicly shared genomic data to track the spread of COVID-19. These reports are updated weekly. |
- Background resources.
- A note about sampling.
- Sequence data & travel histories.
- Introduction of COVID-19 to almost all countries.
- How outbreaks grow and spread.
- How the Washington outbreak has grown.
- How the Washington outbreak has spread.
- How case counts change with social distancing.
- What you can do.
- Scientific Credit.
# Executive summary
Here, we analyzed 723 publicly shared COVID-19 genomes. By comparing these viral genomes to each other, we can characterize how COVID-19 is moving around the world.
In this report, we highlight that the virus has been introduced and is circulating in many parts of the globe.
Knowing if and to what degree COVID-19 circulates locally and how mitigation measures can slow this spread requires a good knowledge of the local outbreak dynamics. This, in turn, requires widespread testing.
This emphasizes the importance of rapid testing with a strong focus on slowing local transmissions.
In this week's updates, we report:
* Evidence for travel-related introductions to many parts of the world.
* Many places with recent introductions can expect to see cases expand in 4-8 week timeframe. They should prepare now.
* Many places that have recently implemented social distancing measures can expect to see cases continue to accumulate in the short-term, but new cases will likely plateau and decline in the medium- to long-term.
* Testing for both active infections and recovered individuals will be vital for coping with this epidemic.
We've prepared some resources that are worth reading to familiarize yourself with COVID-19 and the virus that causes it, SARS-CoV-2. This information will make interpreting the data we present in this narrative easier; if you aren't familiar with phylogenetic trees, we encourage you to check out the 'How to Read Phylogenies' narrative and come back when you're ready.
## Background
<div>
<a href="https://nextstrain.org/help/coronavirus/human-CoV"><img alt="microscopy image of coronaviruses" width="100" src="https://nextstrain.org/static/ncov_narrative-76cfd610d11ef708d213a3170de9519f.png"/> Background on Coronaviruses </a>
<a href="https://nextstrain.org/help/coronavirus/SARS-CoV-2"><img alt="illustration of a coronavirus" width="100" src="http://data.nextstrain.org/img_nCoV-CDC.jpg"/> Recent COVID-19 Outbreak Background </a>
<a href="https://nextstrain.org/narratives/trees-background/"><img alt="cartoon of a phylogenetic tree" width="100" src="http://data.nextstrain.org/img_toy_alignment_mini.png"/> How to Read Phylogenies</a>
</div>
## Further Reading
* Summary of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Wuhan_coronavirus_outbreak).
* All case counts cited within this report are drawn from the [WHO](https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200318-sitrep-58-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=20876712_2) as of 2020-03-20.
We currently have sequences from samples taken in 36 countries across 6 continents. This is an incredible achievement -- sequencing an unknown, large RNA virus in the midst of a pandemic is difficult, and is only possible through the incredible work and timely sharing of data by scientists and physicians around the world.
While this data enables us to infer many useful characteristics of the outbreak and track its spread in real time, it's important to emphasize that our conclusions are limited by the availability of data.
Of the total number of cases, only a subset of patients are tested. Of those tested, only a subset of samples are also sequenced.
Which subset of cases is tested and sequenced can greatly vary across geographic regions and time.
Additionally, phylogenetic reconstructions of outbreaks are always associated with a degree of uncertainty.
Let's look at a few examples.
The map shows very few sequences from the global south. For example, we only have sequences from 4 of the 25 countries in Latin America where the WHO reports cases of COVID-19. This is not because COVID-19 isn't circulating in these areas, or that these cases are not as crucial to understand; rather, we just don't have much data available from these areas.
In other areas, such as the Netherlands, there is a vast amount of sequence data available, relative to the total number of cases.
So, when reading this narrative, keep in mind that the size of each circle on the map indicates how much data is currently available from that area, rather than the true size of the outbreak. You can read here about how this can effect our inferences of transmission.
Identifying where a given case was infected is important for understanding which areas are experiencing local transmission versus primarily travel-associated cases. Sequence data can help us differentiate between these scenarios.
Here, the tree is colored by the travel history of a case (when known). Looking at the Canadian sequence (Canada/BC_78548/2020) in the middle, we see that they have a reported travel history to Europe. This infection groups with other European sequences, showing that this case almost certainly is a travel-related infection.
Zooming out, we can see that this isn't always so consistent.
Here, we can see that nearly all of the cases reporting recent travel to Iran cluster together in the middle of the tree.
Towards the top of the tree, we also see a Canadian case with travel history to Iran; however, this sequence doesn't group anywhere near the rest of the cases with Iranian travel history.
It's certainly possible that this person was infected by a second ongoing transmission chain in Iran, but until we get more data, we can't confirm that this infection was travel-acquired.
On the tree, we see lots of this kind of intermingling of samples from different countries.
This indicates that this kind of inevitable human movement has already introduced the virus to many parts of the globe.
In fact, the WHO reports confirmed cases in 159 out of 195 total countries in the world.
However, not all introductions result in outbreaks.
It may seem as though COVID-19 has suddenly exploded.
For many people, this outbreak may have gone from an abstract concern in other parts of the world to something that severely impacts their daily lives, seemingly overnight.
But, keep in mind that this has been brewing for awhile. It's not necessarily that the virus is being introduced to new places more often.
Most likely, many places are starting to become aware of localized outbreaks that were started by introductions several weeks ago.
Areas that aren't yet aware of local outbreaks should prepare now and start surveillance testing.
# How do introductions become outbreaks?
Sometimes these introductions don't result in secondary cases or localized outbreaks -- especially if the index case is detected and isolated quickly.
Many times, however, the virus spreads undetected through the local population until the outbreak reaches a significant size.
Below is a thought experiment showing how this played out in Wuhan. On the y axis we have space; on the x axis, we have time. Shaded area represents the number of cases.
"COVID-19 in Wuhan went from an index case in ~Nov 2019 to several thousand cases by mid-Jan 2020, thus going from initial seeding event to widespread local transmission in the span of ~10 weeks. We believe that international seeding events started to occur in mid-Jan. Thus we have a critical ~10 weeks from then to late-March to contain these nascent outbreaks before they become sizable." [- Trevor Bedford](https://twitter.com/trvrb/status/1226241284207038464), Feb 2020
These new outbreaks may, in turn, seed further introductions to other locations.
<img src="https://github.com/nextstrain/ncov/raw/master/figures/local-spark-expansion.jpeg" width="70%">
We can see a clear example of this in the data from Washington state.
Mousing over root of the main clade shows that the virus was likely introduced to this area between the end of January and the middle of February 2020 (methods).
Now, in mid-March (~6 weeks later), we see that a local outbreak is in full swing in this area. From the sequence data alone, we estimate a doubling rate of 3-6 days, assuming an exponentially growing population.
We can also see an example of how initially localized outbreaks seed introductions to other locations.
The samples from Utah near the top of the tree (orange) nest within the main clade from the Washington outbreak.
This is consistent with an introduction from Washington to Utah, although it's also possible that there were intermediary step(s) in the transmission chain.
We don't know for sure whether this introduction will result in a local outbreak in Utah.
But, if the virus does continue to spread following these introductions, we would expect to see this unfold over the next 4 weeks.
This is just one example.
There may have been other introductions into Utah (or other areas) that we cannot see on the tree because they were not sequenced.
Most importantly, areas that aren't yet aware of local outbreaks should prepare now and start surveillance testing.
Following this same logic, there are likely many local transmission chains that we don't yet know about.
This means that even for areas that just implemented social distancing measures, we should still expect case counts to grow over the next few weeks.
These increases do NOT indicate that these measures aren't working. It just takes time for already-infected individuals (and possibly their household members) to manifest symptoms, be treated, and recover. We also expect to see a bump in the number of reported cases as testing becomes more widely available.
It is critical that social distance is maintained during this time. As shown on the right, case counts continue to increase after the intervention is put in place. But, over time, the cumulative number of cases is greatly decreased.
## Social distancing doesn't stop all new cases overnight, but it greatly decreases case counts and fatalities over time
Social distancing -- that is, decreasing the number of people you encounter each day -- can be challenging, but is hugely beneficial to the public good.
If everyone decreased their daily contacts by 25%, we would expect to see a 50% decrease in the cumulative number of cases over the next month ([Klein et al., 2020-03-13](https://institutefordiseasemodeling.github.io/COVID-public/reports/Working%20paper%20%E2%80%93%20model-based%20estimates%20of%20COVID-19%20burden%20in%20King%20and%20Snohomish%20counties%20through%20April%207.pdf)).
<div>
<img src="https://github.com/nextstrain/ncov/raw/master/figures/social-distancing-efficacy.png" width="70%">
</div>
- The virus has been introduced to many parts of the globe multiple times.
- We see evidence of local transmission in many areas; beyond this, we expect that previous introductions have already seeded many local outbreaks that will become evident in the coming weeks.
- Controlling local outbreaks through social distancing is crucial to: - #FlattenTheCurve to prevent healthcare systems from being overwhelmed by many simultaneous cases - Reduce the total number of cases and fatalities - Allow time for the development of therapeutics and vaccines
# What you can do
## ...as an individual
* Dramatically reduce the number of people you are in contact with each day, especially if you are in a vulnerable group (e.g., seniors and those with pre-existing conditions).
* Remember that even if you are not super vulnerable, many people around you are; follow these practices to protect others.
* Wash your hands "like you just chopped a jalapeno and have to change a contact lens."
* Stay home as much as possible -- especially if you are sick; be prepared with extra supplies in case you need to self-quarantine.
* If you are an employer, encourage your employees to work from home wherever possible
## ...as an official
* Make testing free and broadly available.
* Put strong social distancing measures in place.
* Fund and implement extensive contact tracing efforts.
* Financially support those impacted by social distancing measures (e.g., hourly workers, those with elder or childcare responsibilities, small businesses, etc.).
We would like to acknowledge the amazing and timely work done by all scientists involved in this outbreak, and particularly those working in China. Only through the rapid sharing of genomic data and metadata are analyses such as these possible.
We also gratefully acknowledge GISAID for providing the platform through which these data can be uploaded and shared.
We are grateful for the data gathered by these originating labs:
* Arizona Department of Health Services
* Auckland Hospital
* BCCDC Public Health Laboratory
* Bamrasnaradura Hospital
* Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology
* Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology
* CNR Virus des Infections Respiratoires - France SUD
* CR&WISCO GENERAL HOSPITAL
* California Department of Health
* California Department of Public Health
* Center of Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hospital Hygiene
* Center of Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hospital Hygiene, University of Duesseldorf
* Centers for Disease Control, R.O.C. (Taiwan)
* Centre for Human and Zoonotic Virology (CHAZVY), College of Medicine University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), part of the Laboratory Network of the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC)
* Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology - Public Health
* Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services
* Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology- Public Health
* Centro Hospital do Porto, E.P.E. - H. Geral de Santo Antonio
* Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Sao Joao, Porto
* Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Virology; Institut fur Mikrobiologie der Bundeswehr, Munich
* Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Roma , Italy
* Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
* Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris
* Department of Internal Medicine, Triemli Hospital
* Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
* Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University
* Department of Pathology, Toshima Hospital
* Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
* Department of Virology and Immunology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Huslab Finland
* Department of microbiology laboratory,Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Dept. of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
* Dept. of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
* Dienst Gezondheid & Jeugd Zuid-Holland Zuid
* Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine
* Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Zurich
* Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention
* Dutch COVID-19 response team
* ErasmusMC
* Foundation Elisabeth-Tweesteden Ziekenhuis
* Foundation Pamm
* Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* General Hospital of Central Theater Command of People's Liberation Army of China
* Guangdong Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention; Guangdong Provincial Public Health
* Guangdong Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention; Guangdong Provinical Public Health
* Guangdong Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention;Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health
* Guangdong Provincial Institution of Public Health, Guangdong Provinical Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* HUS Diagnostiikkakeskus, Hallinto
* Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Hangzhou Center for Disease and Control Microbiology Lab
* Harborview Medical Center
* Hong Kong Department of Health
* Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein
* Hospital Sao Joaquim Beneficencia Portuguesa
* IL Department of Public Health Chicago Laboratory
* INMI Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS
* Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Virology
* Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology
* Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
* Institute of Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC
* Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias
* Jingzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* KU Leuven, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology
* Klinik Hirslanden Zurich
* Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (KCDC) Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases Division of Viral Diseases
* Laboratoire National de Sante
* Laboratoire de Virologie, HUG
* Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Universita Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano
* Laboratory Medicine
* Lapland Central Hospital
* MHC Brabant Zuidoost
* MHC Drente
* MHC Flevoland
* MHC Gooi & Vechtstreek
* MHC Haaglanden
* MHC Hart voor Brabant
* MHC Kennemerland
* MHC Rotterdam-Rijnmond
* MHC Utrecht
* MHC West-Brabant
* MSHS Clinical Microbiology Laboratories
* Massachusetts Department of Public Health
* Monash Medical Centre
* NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology
* National Centre for Infectious Diseases
* National Influenza Center - National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE)
* National Influenza Centre, National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu, Nepal
* National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC
* National Public Health Laboratory
* National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases
* Pathology Queensland
* Providence Regional Medical Center
* Public Health Ontario Laboratory
* RIVM
* Respiratory Virus Unit, Microbiology Services Colindale, Public Health England
* Seattle Flu Study
* Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University
* Serology, Virology and OTDS Laboratories (SAViD), NSW Health Pathology Randwick
* Servicio Microbiologia. Hospital Clinico Universitario. Valencia.
* Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital
* Shenzhen Third People's Hospital
* Singapore General Hospital
* Singapore General Hospital, Molecular Laboratory, Division of Pathology
* Sorbonne Universite, Inserm et Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (Pitie Salpetriere)
* South China Agricultural University
* State Health Office Baden-Wuerttemberg
* Taiwan Centers for Disease Control
* Texas Department of State Health Services
* The Central Hospital Of Wuhan
* The National Institute of Public Health Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology
* The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital
* Tianmen Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* UCD National Virus Reference Laboratory
* UW Virology Lab
* Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
* Unknown
* Valley Medical Center
* Virology Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
* Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge.
* WA State Department of Health
* Wales Specialist Virology Centre
* Washington State Department of Health
* Washington State Public Health Lab
* Weifang Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* West of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre, NHSGGC
* Wisconsin Department of Health Services
* Wuhan Fourth Hospital
* Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
* Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital
* Wuhan Lung Hospital
* Yongchuan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Zhongxian Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Andersen Lab, The Scripps Research Institute
* Arizona Department of Health Services
* Auckland Hospital
* BCCDC Public Health Laboratory
* Bamrasnaradura Hospital
* Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology
* Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology
* CNR Virus des Infections Respiratoires - France SUD
* CR&WISCO GENERAL HOSPITAL
* California Department of Health
* California Department of Public Health
* Center of Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hospital Hygiene, University of Duesseldorf
* Centers for Disease Control, R.O.C. (Taiwan)
* Centre Hositalier Universitaire de Rouen Laboratoire de Virologie
* Centre Hospitalier Compiegne Laboratoire de Biologie
* Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Nantes Laboratoire de Virologie
* Centre Hospitalier Rene Dubois Laboratoire de Microbiologie - Bat A
* Centre for Human and Zoonotic Virology (CHAZVY), College of Medicine University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), part of the Laboratory Network of the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC)
* Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology - Public Health
* Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services
* Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology- Public Health
* Centro Hospital do Porto, E.P.E. - H. Geral de Santo Antonio
* Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Sao Joao, Porto
* Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Virology; Institut fur Mikrobiologie der Bundeswehr, Munich
* Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Chile
* Clinica Santa Maria, Santiago, Chile
* Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Roma , Italy
* Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
* Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris
* Department of Internal Medicine, Triemli Hospital
* Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
* Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University
* Department of Pathology, Toshima Hospital
* Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
* Department of Virology and Immunology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Huslab Finland
* Department of Virus and Microbiological Special diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
* Department of microbiology laboratory,Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Dept. of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
* Dept. of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
* Dienst Gezondheid & Jeugd Zuid-Holland Zuid
* Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine
* Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Zurich
* Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention
* Dutch COVID-19 response team
* ErasmusMC
* Foundation Elisabeth-Tweesteden Ziekenhuis
* Foundation Pamm
* Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* General Hospital of Central Theater Command of People's Liberation Army of China
* Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies
* Guangdong Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention; Guangdong Provincial Public Health
* Guangdong Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention; Guangdong Provinical Public Health
* Guangdong Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention;Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health
* Guangdong Provincial Institution of Public Health, Guangdong Provinical Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* HUS Diagnostiikkakeskus, Hallinto
* Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Hangzhou Center for Disease and Control Microbiology Lab
* Harborview Medical Center
* Hong Kong Department of Health
* Hopital Instruction des Armees - BEGIN
* Hopital Robert Debre Laboratoire de Virologie
* Hopitaux universitaires de Geneve Laboratoire de Virologie
* Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein
* Hospital Sao Joaquim Beneficencia Portuguesa
* Hospital de Talca, Chile
* IL Department of Public Health Chicago Laboratory
* INMI Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS
* Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Virology
* Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology
* Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
* Institute of Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC
* Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias
* Jingzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* KU Leuven, Clincal and Epidemiological Virology
* KU Leuven, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology
* Klinik Hirslanden Zurich
* Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (KCDC) Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases Division of Viral Diseases
* LACEN RJ - Laboratorio Central de Saude Publica Noel Nutels
* LACEN/ES - Laboratorio Central de Saude Publica do Espirito Santo
* Laboratoire National de Sante
* Laboratoire de Virologie Institut de Virologie - INSERM U 1109 Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg
* Laboratoire de Virologie, HUG
* Laboratorio Central de Saude Publica Professor Goncalo Moniz LACEN/BA
* Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Universita Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano
* Laboratory Medicine
* Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
* Lapland Central Hospital
* MHC Brabant Zuidoost
* MHC Drente
* MHC Flevoland
* MHC Gooi & Vechtstreek
* MHC Haaglanden
* MHC Hart voor Brabant
* MHC Kennemerland
* MHC Rotterdam-Rijnmond
* MHC Utrecht
* MHC West-Brabant
* MSHS Clinical Microbiology Laboratories
* Massachusetts Department of Public Health
* Minnesota Department of Health, Public Health Laboratory
* Monash Medical Centre
* NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology
* NYU Langone Health
* National Centre for Infectious Diseases
* National Influenza Center - National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE)
* National Influenza Centre, National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu, Nepal
* National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC
* National Public Health Laboratory
* National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases
* Pathology Queensland
* Providence Regional Medical Center
* Public Health Ontario Laboratory
* R. G. Lugar Center for Public Health Research, National Center for Disease Control and Public Health (NCDC) of Georgia.
* RIVM
* Regional Virus Laboratory, Belfast
* Respiratory Virus Unit, Microbiology Services Colindale, Public Health England
* Seattle Flu Study
* Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University
* Serology, Virology and OTDS Laboratories (SAViD), NSW Health Pathology Randwick
* Servicio Microbiologia, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia
* Servicio Microbiologia. Hospital Clinico Universitario. Valencia.
* Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital
* Shenzhen Third People's Hospital
* Singapore General Hospital
* Singapore General Hospital, Molecular Laboratory, Division of Pathology
* Sorbonne Universite, Inserm et Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (Pitie Salpetriere)
* South China Agricultural University
* State Health Office Baden-Wuerttemberg
* State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. 310003
* State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
* Tai Lung Veterinary Laboratory, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department
* Taiwan Centers for Disease Control
* Texas Department of State Health Services
* The Central Hospital Of Wuhan
* The National Institute of Public Health Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology
* The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital
* Tianmen Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* UCD National Virus Reference Laboratory
* UW Virology Lab
* Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
* Unknown
* Utah Public Health Laboratory
* Valley Medical Center
* Viral Respiratory Lab, National Institute for Biomedical Research (INRB)
* Virology Department, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian
* Virology Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
* Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge.
* WA State Department of Health
* WHO National Influenza Centre Russian Federation
* Wales Specialist Virology Centre
* Washington State Department of Health
* Washington State Public Health Lab
* Weifang Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* West of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre, NHSGGC
* Wisconsin Department of Health Services
* Wuhan Fourth Hospital
* Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
* Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital
* Wuhan Lung Hospital
* Yongchuan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Zhongxian Center for Disease Control and Prevention
These data were shared via GISAID. We gratefully acknowledge their contributions.
To the right we give specific sequences shared by each lab.
The SARS-CoV-2 genomes were generously shared by scientists at these submitting labs:
* Arizona Department of Health Services
* USA/AZ1/2020
* Auckland Hospital
* NewZealand/01/2020
* BCCDC Public Health Laboratory
* Canada/BC_37_0-2/2020
* Bamrasnaradura Hospital
* Nonthaburi/61/2020
* Nonthaburi/74/2020
* Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology
* pangolin/Guangdong/P2S/2019
* pangolin/Guangxi/P1E/2017
* pangolin/Guangxi/P2V/2017
* pangolin/Guangxi/P3B/2017
* pangolin/Guangxi/P4L/2017
* pangolin/Guangxi/P5E/2017
* pangolin/Guangxi/P5L/2017
* Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology
* Germany/BavPat2/2020
* Germany/BavPat3/2020
* CNR Virus des Infections Respiratoires - France SUD
* France/RA739/2020
* CR&WISCO GENERAL HOSPITAL
* Wuhan/HBCDC-HB-05/2020
* California Department of Health
* USA/CA3/2020
* USA/CA4/2020
* USA/CA5/2020
* California Department of Public Health
* USA/CA-CDPH-UC1/2020
* USA/CA-CDPH-UC2/2020
* USA/CA-CDPH-UC3/2020
* USA/CA-CDPH-UC4/2020
* USA/CA-CDPH-UC5/2020
* USA/CA-CDPH-UC6/2020
* USA/CA-CDPH-UC7/2020
* USA/CA-CDPH-UC8/2020
* USA/CA-CDPH-UC9/2020
* USA/CA1/2020
* USA/CA2/2020
* USA/CA6/2020
* USA/CA7/2020
* USA/CA8/2020
* USA/CA9/2020
* USA/UC-CDPH-UC11/2020
* Center of Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hospital Hygiene
* Germany/NRW-01/2020
* Germany/NRW-02-1/2020
* Germany/NRW-03/2020
* Germany/NRW-04/2020
* Center of Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hospital Hygiene, University of Duesseldorf
* Germany/NRW-011/2020
* Germany/NRW-05/2020
* Germany/NRW-06/2020
* Germany/NRW-07/2020
* Germany/NRW-08/2020
* Germany/NRW-09/2020
* Germany/NRW-10/2020
* Centers for Disease Control, R.O.C. (Taiwan)
* Taiwan/2/2020
* Centre for Human and Zoonotic Virology (CHAZVY), College of Medicine University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), part of the Laboratory Network of the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC)
* Nigeria/Lagos01/2020
* Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology - Public Health
* Australia/NSW10/2020
* Australia/NSW12/2020
* Australia/NSW13/2020
* Australia/NSW14/2020
* Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services
* Australia/NSW01/2020
* Australia/NSW05/2020
* Australia/NSW06/2020
* Australia/NSW07/2020
* Australia/NSW08/2020
* Australia/NSW09/2020
* Sydney/2/2020
* Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology- Public Health
* Australia/NSW11/2020
* Centro Hospital do Porto, E.P.E. - H. Geral de Santo Antonio
* Portugal/CV62/2020
* Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Sao Joao, Porto
* Portugal/CV63/2020
* Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Virology; Institut fur Mikrobiologie der Bundeswehr, Munich
* Germany/BavPat1/2020
* Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Roma , Italy
* Italy/CDG1/2020
* Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
* Italy/SPL1/2020
* Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris
* France/IDF0372-isl/2020
* France/IDF0372/2020
* France/IDF0373/2020
* France/IDF0386-islP1/2020
* France/IDF0386-islP3/2020
* France/IDF0515-isl/2020
* France/IDF0515/2020
* France/IDF0571/2020
* Department of Internal Medicine, Triemli Hospital
* Switzerland/1000477102/2020
* Switzerland/1000477377/2020
* Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
* Taiwan/NTU01/2020
* Taiwan/NTU02/2020
* Taiwan/NTU03/2020
* Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University
* SouthKorea/KUMC01/2020
* SouthKorea/KUMC02/2020
* SouthKorea/KUMC04/2020
* SouthKorea/KUMC06/2020
* Department of Pathology, Toshima Hospital
* Japan/TK/20-31-3/2020
* Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
* Japan/AI/I-004/2020
* Department of Virology and Immunology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Huslab Finland
* Finland/FIN01032020/2020
* Finland/FIN03032020A/2020
* Finland/FIN03032020B/2020
* Finland/FIN03032020C/2020
* Department of microbiology laboratory,Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Anhui/SZ005/2020
* Dept. of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
* Japan/NA-20-05-1/2020
* Japan/OS-20-07-1/2020
* Dept. of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
* Japan/KY-V-029/2020
* Japan/TY-WK-012/2020
* Japan/TY-WK-501/2020
* Japan/TY-WK-521/2020
* Dienst Gezondheid & Jeugd Zuid-Holland Zuid
* Netherlands/Hardinxveld_Giessendam_1364806/2020
* Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine
* SouthKorea/KUMC03/2020
* SouthKorea/KUMC05/2020
* Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Zurich
* Switzerland/1000477796/2020
* Switzerland/1000477797/2020
* Switzerland/1000477806/2020
* Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention
* SouthKorea/KCDC05/2020
* SouthKorea/KCDC06/2020
* SouthKorea/KCDC07/2020
* SouthKorea/KCDC12/2020
* SouthKorea/KCDC24/2020
* Dutch COVID-19 response team
* Netherlands/Gelderland_1/2020
* Netherlands/Limburg_2/2020
* Netherlands/Limburg_3/2020
* Netherlands/Limburg_4/2020
* Netherlands/Limburg_5/2020
* Netherlands/Limburg_6/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_1/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_10/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_11/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_12/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_13/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_14/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_15/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_16/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_17/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_18/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_19/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_2/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_20/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_21/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_22/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_23/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_24/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_25/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_26/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_27/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_28/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_29/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_3/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_30/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_31/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_32/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_33/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_34/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_35/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_36/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_37/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_38/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_39/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_4/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_5/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_6/2020
* Netherlands/NoordHolland_1/2020
* Netherlands/NoordHolland_2/2020
* Netherlands/Overijssel_1/2020
* Netherlands/Overijssel_2/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_1/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_10/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_11/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_12/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_13/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_14/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_15/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_16/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_2/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_3/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_4/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_5/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_6/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_7/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_8/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_1/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_10/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_11/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_13/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_14/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_15/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_16/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_17/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_18/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_19/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_2/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_20/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_21/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_22/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_23/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_24/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_5/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_6/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_7/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_8/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_9/2020
* ErasmusMC
* Netherlands/Nieuwendijk_1363582/2020
* Netherlands/Rotterdam_1363790/2020
* Foundation Elisabeth-Tweesteden Ziekenhuis
* Netherlands/Tilburg_1363354/2020
* Netherlands/Tilburg_1364286/2020
* Foundation Pamm
* Netherlands/Berlicum_1363564/2020
* Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Fujian/13/2020
* Fujian/8/2020
* General Hospital of Central Theater Command of People's Liberation Army of China
* Wuhan/WH01/2019
* Wuhan/WH02/2019
* Wuhan/WH03/2020
* Wuhan/WH04/2020
* Guangdong Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention; Guangdong Provincial Public Health
* Foshan/20SF207/2020
* Foshan/20SF210/2020
* Foshan/20SF211/2020
* Guangdong/20SF012/2020
* Guangdong/20SF013/2020
* Guangdong/20SF014/2020
* Guangdong/20SF025/2020
* Guangdong/20SF028/2020
* Guangdong/20SF040/2020
* Guangdong Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention; Guangdong Provinical Public Health
* Guangdong/20SF174/2020
* Guangzhou/20SF206/2020
* Guangdong Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention;Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health
* Guangdong/20SF201/2020
* Guangdong Provincial Institution of Public Health, Guangdong Provinical Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Guangdong/2020XN4239-P0034/2020
* Guangdong/2020XN4243-P0035/2020
* Guangdong/2020XN4273-P0036/2020
* Guangdong/2020XN4276-P0037/2020
* Guangdong/2020XN4291-P0038/2020
* Guangdong/2020XN4373-P0039/2020
* Guangdong/2020XN4433-P0040/2020
* Guangdong/2020XN4448-P0002/2020
* Guangdong/2020XN4459-P0041/2020
* Guangdong/2020XN4475-P0042/2020
* Guangdong/DG-S2-P0054/2020
* Guangdong/DG-S41-P0056/2020
* Guangdong/DG-S6-P0055/2020
* Guangdong/DG-S9-P0045/2020
* Guangdong/FS-S29-P0051/2020
* Guangdong/FS-S30-P0052/2020
* Guangdong/FS-S34-P0015/2020
* Guangdong/FS-S42-P0046/2020
* Guangdong/FS-S48-P0047/2020
* Guangdong/FS-S50-P0053/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020012-P0022/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020016-P0011/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020080-P0010/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020085-P0043/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020086-P0021/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020087-P0008/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020115-P0009/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020134-P0031/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020139-P0007/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020227-P0029/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020233-P0027/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020234-P0023/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020241-P0013/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020246-P0028/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020258-P0018/2020
* Guangdong/GDFS2020052-P0025/2020
* Guangdong/GDFS2020054-P0005/2020
* Guangdong/GDFS2020056-P0044/2020
* Guangdong/GDFS2020127-P0026/2020
* Guangdong/GDSZ202004-P0004/2020
* Guangdong/GDSZ202008-P0020/2020
* Guangdong/GDSZ202009-P0032/2020
* Guangdong/GDSZ202013-P0014/2020
* Guangdong/GDSZ202015-P0019/2020
* Guangdong/GZ-S6-P0050/2020
* Guangdong/JM-S1-P0062/2020
* Guangdong/MM-S1-P0048/2020
* Guangdong/SZ-N128-P0057/2020
* Guangdong/SZ-N59-P0049/2020
* Guangdong/ZH-N22-P0059/2020
* Guangdong/ZH-S33-P0058/2020
* Guangdong/ZQ-S2-P0061/2020
* Guangdong/ZS-S6-P0060/2020
* HUS Diagnostiikkakeskus, Hallinto
* Finland/FIN-25/2020
* Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Hangzhou/HZCDC0001/2020
* Hangzhou Center for Disease and Control Microbiology Lab
* Hangzhou/HZ-1/2020
* Harborview Medical Center
* USA/WA3-UW1/2020
* USA/WA9-UW6/2020
* Hong Kong Department of Health
* HongKong/VB20024950/2020
* HongKong/VB20026565/2020
* HongKong/VM20001061/2020
* HongKong/case42_VM20002493/2020
* HongKong/case48_VM20002507/2020
* HongKong/case52_VM20002582/2020
* HongKong/case78_VM20002849/2020
* HongKong/case85_VM20002868/2020
* HongKong/case90_VM20002907/2020
* canine/HongKong/20-02756/2020
* Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein
* Brazil/SPBR-01/2020
* Brazil/SPBR-02/2020
* Brazil/SPBR-03/2020
* Hospital Sao Joaquim Beneficencia Portuguesa
* Brazil/SPBR-04/2020
* Brazil/SPBR-05/2020
* Brazil/SPBR-06/2020
* IL Department of Public Health Chicago Laboratory
* USA/IL1/2020
* USA/IL2/2020
* INMI Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS
* Italy/INMI1-cs/2020
* Italy/INMI1-isl/2020
* Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Virology
* India/1-27/2020
* Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology
* India/1-31/2020
* Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
* Wuhan/IPBCAMS-WH-01/2019
* Wuhan/IPBCAMS-WH-02/2019
* Wuhan/IPBCAMS-WH-03/2019
* Wuhan/IPBCAMS-WH-04/2019
* Wuhan/IPBCAMS-WH-05/2020
* Institute of Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC
* Wuhan/IVDC-HB-envF13-20/2020
* Wuhan/IVDC-HB-envF13-21/2020
* Wuhan/IVDC-HB-envF13/2020
* Wuhan/IVDC-HB-envF54/2020
* Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias
* Mexico/CDMX/InDRE_01/2020
* Jingzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Jingzhou/HBCDC-HB-01/2020
* KU Leuven, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology
* Belgium/GHB-03021/2020
* Klinik Hirslanden Zurich
* Switzerland/1000477757/2020
* Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (KCDC) Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases Division of Viral Diseases
* SouthKorea/KCDC03/2020
* Laboratoire National de Sante
* Luxembourg/Lux1/2020
* Laboratoire de Virologie, HUG
* Switzerland/AG0361/2020
* Switzerland/BL0902/2020
* Switzerland/GE3121/2020
* Switzerland/GE3895/2020
* Switzerland/GE5373/2020
* Switzerland/GE9586/2020
* Switzerland/TI9486/2020
* Switzerland/VD5615/2020
* Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Universita Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano
* Italy/UniSR1/2020
* Laboratory Medicine
* Taiwan/CGMH-CGU-01/2020
* Lapland Central Hospital
* Finland/1/2020
* MHC Brabant Zuidoost
* Netherlands/Eindhoven_1363782/2020
* MHC Drente
* Netherlands/Dalen_1363624/2020
* MHC Flevoland
* Netherlands/Zeewolde_1365080/2020
* MHC Gooi & Vechtstreek
* Netherlands/Blaricum_1364780/2020
* Netherlands/Naarden_1364774/2020
* MHC Haaglanden
* Netherlands/Nootdorp_1364222/2020
* MHC Hart voor Brabant
* Netherlands/Oisterwijk_1364072/2020
* MHC Kennemerland
* Netherlands/Haarlem_1363688/2020
* MHC Rotterdam-Rijnmond
* Netherlands/Rotterdam_1364040/2020
* MHC Utrecht
* Netherlands/Utrecht_1363564/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_1363628/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_1364066/2020
* MHC West-Brabant
* Netherlands/Andel_1365066/2020
* Netherlands/Helmond_1363548/2020
* MSHS Clinical Microbiology Laboratories
* USA/NY1-PV08001/2020
* Massachusetts Department of Public Health
* USA/MA1/2020
* Monash Medical Centre
* Australia/VIC01/2020
* NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology
* Jiangsu/JS01/2020
* Jiangsu/JS02/2020
* Jiangsu/JS03/2020
* National Centre for Infectious Diseases
* Singapore/12/2020
* Singapore/13/2020
* Singapore/14/2020
* Singapore/3/2020
* Singapore/4/2020
* National Influenza Center - National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE)
* Vietnam/VR03-38142/2020
* National Influenza Centre, National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu, Nepal
* Nepal/61/2020
* National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC
* Beijing/IVDC-BJ-005/2020
* Chongqing/IVDC-CQ-001/2020
* Henan/IVDC-HeN-002/2020
* Jiangsu/IVDC-JS-001/2020
* Jiangxi/IVDC-JX-002/2020
* Shandong/IVDC-SD-001/2020
* Shanghai/IVDC-SH-001/2020
* Sichuan/IVDC-SC-001/2020
* Wuhan/IVDC-HB-01/2019
* Wuhan/IVDC-HB-04/2020
* Wuhan/IVDC-HB-05/2019
* Yunnan/IVDC-YN-003/2020
* National Public Health Laboratory
* Singapore/11/2020
* National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases
* Singapore/10/2020
* Singapore/7/2020
* Singapore/8/2020
* Singapore/9/2020
* Pathology Queensland
* Australia/QLD01/2020
* Australia/QLD02/2020
* Australia/QLD03/2020
* Australia/QLD04/2020
* Australia/QLD09/2020
* Providence Regional Medical Center
* USA/WA1/2020
* Public Health Ontario Laboratory
* Canada/ON-PHL2445/2020
* Canada/ON-VIDO-01/2020
* RIVM
* Netherlands/Delft_1363424/2020
* Netherlands/Diemen_1363454/2020
* Netherlands/Loon_op_zand_1363512/2020
* Netherlands/Oss_1363500/2020
* NetherlandsL/Houten_1363498/2020
* Respiratory Virus Unit, Microbiology Services Colindale, Public Health England
* England/01/2020
* England/02/2020
* England/09c/2020
* England/200641094/2020
* England/200690245/2020
* England/200690300/2020
* England/200690306/2020
* England/200690756/2020
* England/200940527/2020
* England/200960041/2020
* England/200960515/2020
* England/200981386/2020
* England/200990002/2020
* England/200990006/2020
* England/200990660/2020
* England/200990723/2020
* England/200990724/2020
* England/200990725/2020
* England/200991076/2020
* England/201000003/2020
* England/201040081/2020
* England/201040141/2020
* Seattle Flu Study
* USA/WA-S2/2020
* USA/WA-S3/2020
* Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University
* Hefei/2/2020
* Serology, Virology and OTDS Laboratories (SAViD), NSW Health Pathology Randwick
* Sydney/3/2020
* Servicio Microbiologia. Hospital Clinico Universitario. Valencia.
* Spain/Valencia1/2020
* Spain/Valencia2/2020
* Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital
* Shenzhen/SZTH-002/2020
* Shenzhen/SZTH-003/2020
* Shenzhen/SZTH-004/2020
* Shenzhen Third People's Hospital
* Shenzhen/SZTH-001/2020
* Singapore General Hospital
* Singapore/1/2020
* Singapore/2/2020
* Singapore General Hospital, Molecular Laboratory, Division of Pathology
* Singapore/5/2020
* Singapore/6/2020
* Sorbonne Universite, Inserm et Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (Pitie Salpetriere)
* France/IDF0626/2020
* South China Agricultural University
* pangolin/Guandong/1/2019
* State Health Office Baden-Wuerttemberg
* Germany/Baden-Wuerttemberg-1/2020
* Taiwan Centers for Disease Control
* Taiwan/3/2020
* Taiwan/4/2020
* Texas Department of State Health Services
* USA/TX1/2020
* The Central Hospital Of Wuhan
* Wuhan/HBCDC-HB-02/2020
* The National Institute of Public Health Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology
* CzechRepublic/951/2020
* The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital
* Shenzhen/HKU-SZ-002/2020
* Shenzhen/HKU-SZ-005/2020
* Tianmen Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Tianmen/HBCDC-HB-07/2020
* UCD National Virus Reference Laboratory
* Ireland/COR-20134/2020
* UW Virology Lab
* USA/WA-UW15/2020
* USA/WA-UW16/2020
* USA/WA-UW17/2020
* USA/WA-UW18/2020
* USA/WA-UW19/2020
* USA/WA-UW20/2020
* USA/WA-UW21/2020
* USA/WA11-UW7/2020
* USA/WA12-UW8/2020
* USA/WA13-UW9/2020
* USA/WA14-UW10/2020
* USA/WA15-UW11/2020
* USA/WA16-UW12/2020
* USA/WA17-UW13/2020
* USA/WA18-UW14/2020
* Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
* Wuhan/HBCDC-HB-03/2020
* Wuhan/HBCDC-HB-04/2020
* Unknown
* Netherlands/Coevorden_1363618/2020
* Valley Medical Center
* USA/WA8-UW5/2020
* Virology Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
* England/Sheff01/2020
* England/Sheff02/2020
* Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge.
* Cambodia/0012/2020
* WA State Department of Health
* USA/WA1-A12/2020
* Wales Specialist Virology Centre
* Wales/PHW03/2020
* Wales/PHW05/2020
* Wales/PHW1/2020
* Wales/PHW2/2020
* Washington State Department of Health
* USA/WA1-F6/2020
* USA/WA2/2020
* Washington State Public Health Lab
* USA/WA4-UW2/2020
* USA/WA6-UW3/2020
* USA/WA7-UW4/2020
* Weifang Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* China/WF0001/2020
* China/WF0002/2020
* China/WF0003/2020
* China/WF0004/2020
* China/WF0006/2020
* China/WF0009/2020
* China/WF0012/2020
* China/WF0014/2020
* China/WF0015/2020
* China/WF0016/2020
* China/WF0017/2020
* China/WF0018/2020
* China/WF0019/2020
* China/WF0020/2020
* China/WF0021/2020
* China/WF0023/2020
* China/WF0024/2020
* China/WF0026/2020
* China/WF0028/2020
* China/WF0029/2020
* West of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre, NHSGGC
* Scotland/CVR01/2020
* Scotland/CVR02/2020
* Scotland/CVR03/2020
* Scotland/CVR04/2020
* Scotland/CVR05/2020
* Wisconsin Department of Health Services
* USA/WI1/2020
* Wuhan Fourth Hospital
* Wuhan/WH05/2020
* Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
* bat/Yunnan/RaTG13/2013
* Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital
* Wuhan/HBCDC-HB-01/2019
* Wuhan/HBCDC-HB-02/2019
* Wuhan/HBCDC-HB-03/2019
* Wuhan/HBCDC-HB-04/2019
* Wuhan/WIV02/2019
* Wuhan/WIV04/2019
* Wuhan/WIV05/2019
* Wuhan/WIV06/2019
* Wuhan/WIV07/2019
* Wuhan Lung Hospital
* Wuhan/HBCDC-HB-06/2020
* Yongchuan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Chongqing/YC01/2020
* Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Zhejiang/WZ-01/2020
* Zhejiang/WZ-02/2020
* Zhongxian Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Chongqing/ZX01/2020
* Andersen Lab, The Scripps Research Institute
* USA/CA-PC101P/2020
* Arizona Department of Health Services
* USA/AZ1/2020
* Auckland Hospital
* NewZealand/01/2020
* BCCDC Public Health Laboratory
* Canada/BC_02421/2020
* Canada/BC_13297/2020
* Canada/BC_17397/2020
* Canada/BC_25211/2020
* Canada/BC_35720/2020
* Canada/BC_37_0-2/2020
* Canada/BC_40860/2020
* Canada/BC_41851/2020
* Canada/BC_64686/2020
* Canada/BC_65034/2020
* Canada/BC_66353/2020
* Canada/BC_69243/2020
* Canada/BC_78548/2020
* Canada/BC_83109/2020
* Canada/BC_83163/2020
* Bamrasnaradura Hospital
* Nonthaburi/61/2020
* Nonthaburi/74/2020
* Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology
* pangolin/Guangdong/P2S/2019
* pangolin/Guangxi/P1E/2017
* pangolin/Guangxi/P2V/2017
* pangolin/Guangxi/P3B/2017
* pangolin/Guangxi/P4L/2017
* pangolin/Guangxi/P5E/2017
* pangolin/Guangxi/P5L/2017
* Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology
* Germany/BavPat2/2020
* Germany/BavPat3/2020
* CNR Virus des Infections Respiratoires - France SUD
* France/RA739/2020
* CR&WISCO GENERAL HOSPITAL
* Wuhan/HBCDC-HB-05/2020
* California Department of Health
* USA/CA3/2020
* USA/CA4/2020
* USA/CA5/2020
* California Department of Public Health
* USA/CA-CDPH-UC1/2020
* USA/CA-CDPH-UC2/2020
* USA/CA-CDPH-UC3/2020
* USA/CA-CDPH-UC4/2020
* USA/CA-CDPH-UC5/2020
* USA/CA-CDPH-UC6/2020
* USA/CA-CDPH-UC7/2020
* USA/CA-CDPH-UC8/2020
* USA/CA-CDPH-UC9/2020
* USA/CA1/2020
* USA/CA2/2020
* USA/CA6/2020
* USA/CA7/2020
* USA/CA8/2020
* USA/CA9/2020
* USA/UC-CDPH-UC11/2020
* Center of Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hospital Hygiene, University of Duesseldorf
* Germany/NRW-01/2020
* Germany/NRW-011/2020
* Germany/NRW-02-1/2020
* Germany/NRW-03/2020
* Germany/NRW-04/2020
* Germany/NRW-05/2020
* Germany/NRW-06/2020
* Germany/NRW-07/2020
* Germany/NRW-08/2020
* Germany/NRW-09/2020
* Germany/NRW-10/2020
* Centers for Disease Control, R.O.C. (Taiwan)
* Taiwan/2/2020
* Centre Hositalier Universitaire de Rouen Laboratoire de Virologie
* France/N1620/2020
* Centre Hospitalier Compiegne Laboratoire de Biologie
* France/HF1795/2020
* France/HF1805/2020
* France/HF1870/2020
* France/HF1871/2020
* France/HF1986/2020
* France/HF1988/2020
* France/HF1989/2020
* France/HF1993/2020
* France/HF1995/2020
* France/HF2151/2020
* France/HF2174/2020
* Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Nantes Laboratoire de Virologie
* France/PL1643/2020
* Centre Hospitalier Rene Dubois Laboratoire de Microbiologie - Bat A
* France/IDF1980/2020
* Centre for Human and Zoonotic Virology (CHAZVY), College of Medicine University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), part of the Laboratory Network of the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC)
* Nigeria/Lagos01/2020
* Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology - Public Health
* Australia/NSW10/2020
* Australia/NSW12/2020
* Australia/NSW13/2020
* Australia/NSW14/2020
* Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services
* Australia/NSW01/2020
* Australia/NSW02/2020
* Australia/NSW05/2020
* Australia/NSW06/2020
* Australia/NSW07/2020
* Australia/NSW08/2020
* Australia/NSW09/2020
* Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology- Public Health
* Australia/NSW11/2020
* Centro Hospital do Porto, E.P.E. - H. Geral de Santo Antonio
* Portugal/CV62/2020
* Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Sao Joao, Porto
* Portugal/CV63/2020
* Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Virology; Institut fur Mikrobiologie der Bundeswehr, Munich
* Germany/BavPat1/2020
* Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Chile
* Chile/Santiago-1/2020
* Clinica Santa Maria, Santiago, Chile
* Chile/Santiago-2/2020
* Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Roma , Italy
* Italy/CDG1/2020
* Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
* Italy/SPL1/2020
* Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris
* France/IDF0372-isl/2020
* France/IDF0372/2020
* France/IDF0373/2020
* France/IDF0386-islP1/2020
* France/IDF0386-islP3/2020
* France/IDF0515-isl/2020
* France/IDF0515/2020
* France/IDF0571/2020
* Department of Internal Medicine, Triemli Hospital
* Switzerland/1000477102/2020
* Switzerland/1000477377/2020
* Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
* Taiwan/NTU01/2020
* Taiwan/NTU02/2020
* Taiwan/NTU03/2020
* Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University
* SouthKorea/KUMC01/2020
* SouthKorea/KUMC02/2020
* SouthKorea/KUMC04/2020
* SouthKorea/KUMC06/2020
* Department of Pathology, Toshima Hospital
* Japan/TK/20-31-3/2020
* Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
* Japan/AI/I-004/2020
* Department of Virology and Immunology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Huslab Finland
* Finland/FIN-114/2020
* Finland/FIN-266/2020
* Finland/FIN-274/2020
* Finland/FIN-313/2020
* Finland/FIN-318/2020
* Finland/FIN-455/2020
* Finland/FIN-508/2020
* Finland/FIN01032020/2020
* Finland/FIN03032020A/2020
* Finland/FIN03032020B/2020
* Finland/FIN03032020C/2020
* Department of Virus and Microbiological Special diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
* Denmark/SSI-101/2020
* Denmark/SSI-104/2020
* Department of microbiology laboratory,Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Anhui/SZ005/2020
* Dept. of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
* Japan/NA-20-05-1/2020
* Japan/OS-20-07-1/2020
* Dept. of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
* Japan/KY-V-029/2020
* Japan/TY-WK-012/2020
* Japan/TY-WK-501/2020
* Japan/TY-WK-521/2020
* Dienst Gezondheid & Jeugd Zuid-Holland Zuid
* Netherlands/Hardinxveld_Giessendam_1364806/2020
* Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine
* SouthKorea/KUMC03/2020
* SouthKorea/KUMC05/2020
* Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Zurich
* Switzerland/1000477796/2020
* Switzerland/1000477797/2020
* Switzerland/1000477806/2020
* Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention
* SouthKorea/KCDC05/2020
* SouthKorea/KCDC06/2020
* SouthKorea/KCDC07/2020
* SouthKorea/KCDC12/2020
* SouthKorea/KCDC24/2020
* Dutch COVID-19 response team
* Netherlands/Flevoland/1/2020
* Netherlands/Gelderland/1/2020
* Netherlands/Gelderland/2/2020
* Netherlands/Gelderland/3/2020
* Netherlands/Gelderland_1/2020
* Netherlands/Limburg/7/2020
* Netherlands/Limburg_2/2020
* Netherlands/Limburg_3/2020
* Netherlands/Limburg_4/2020
* Netherlands/Limburg_5/2020
* Netherlands/Limburg_6/2020
* Netherlands/NA/1/2020
* Netherlands/NA/10/2020
* Netherlands/NA/11/2020
* Netherlands/NA/12/2020
* Netherlands/NA/13/2020
* Netherlands/NA/14/2020
* Netherlands/NA/15/2020
* Netherlands/NA/16/2020
* Netherlands/NA/17/2020
* Netherlands/NA/18/2020
* Netherlands/NA/19/2020
* Netherlands/NA/2/2020
* Netherlands/NA/20/2020
* Netherlands/NA/21/2020
* Netherlands/NA/22/2020
* Netherlands/NA/23/2020
* Netherlands/NA/24/2020
* Netherlands/NA/25/2020
* Netherlands/NA/26/2020
* Netherlands/NA/27/2020
* Netherlands/NA/28/2020
* Netherlands/NA/29/2020
* Netherlands/NA/30/2020
* Netherlands/NA/31/2020
* Netherlands/NA/32/2020
* Netherlands/NA/33/2020
* Netherlands/NA/34/2020
* Netherlands/NA/35/2020
* Netherlands/NA/4/2020
* Netherlands/NA/5/2020
* Netherlands/NA/6/2020
* Netherlands/NA/7/2020
* Netherlands/NA/8/2020
* Netherlands/NA/9/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant/41/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant/42/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant/44/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant/45/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant/46/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant/47/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant/48/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant/49/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant/51/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant/52/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant/53/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant/54/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant/55/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant/56/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant/57/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant/58/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant/59/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant/60/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant/61/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant/62/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant/63/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant/64/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant/65/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant/66/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant/67/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant/68/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_1/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_10/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_11/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_12/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_13/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_14/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_15/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_16/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_17/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_18/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_19/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_2/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_20/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_21/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_22/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_23/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_24/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_25/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_26/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_27/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_28/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_29/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_3/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_30/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_31/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_32/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_33/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_34/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_35/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_36/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_37/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_38/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_39/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_4/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_5/2020
* Netherlands/NoordBrabant_6/2020
* Netherlands/NoordHolland/3/2020
* Netherlands/NoordHolland_1/2020
* Netherlands/NoordHolland_2/2020
* Netherlands/Overijssel_1/2020
* Netherlands/Overijssel_2/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht/17/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht/18/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht/19/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_1/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_10/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_11/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_12/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_13/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_14/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_15/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_16/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_2/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_3/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_4/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_5/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_6/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_7/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_8/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland/25/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland/26/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland/27/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland/28/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland/29/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland/30/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland/31/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_1/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_10/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_11/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_13/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_14/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_15/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_16/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_17/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_18/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_19/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_2/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_20/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_21/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_22/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_23/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_24/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_5/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_6/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_7/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_8/2020
* Netherlands/ZuidHolland_9/2020
* ErasmusMC
* Netherlands/Nieuwendijk_1363582/2020
* Netherlands/Rotterdam_1363790/2020
* Foundation Elisabeth-Tweesteden Ziekenhuis
* Netherlands/Tilburg_1363354/2020
* Netherlands/Tilburg_1364286/2020
* Foundation Pamm
* Netherlands/Berlicum_1363564/2020
* Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Fujian/13/2020
* Fujian/8/2020
* General Hospital of Central Theater Command of People's Liberation Army of China
* Wuhan/WH01/2019
* Wuhan/WH02/2019
* Wuhan/WH03/2020
* Wuhan/WH04/2020
* Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies
* Panama/328677/2020
* Guangdong Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention; Guangdong Provincial Public Health
* Foshan/20SF207/2020
* Foshan/20SF210/2020
* Foshan/20SF211/2020
* Guangdong/20SF012/2020
* Guangdong/20SF013/2020
* Guangdong/20SF014/2020
* Guangdong/20SF025/2020
* Guangdong/20SF028/2020
* Guangdong/20SF040/2020
* Guangdong Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention; Guangdong Provinical Public Health
* Guangdong/20SF174/2020
* Guangzhou/20SF206/2020
* Guangdong Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention;Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health
* Guangdong/20SF201/2020
* Guangdong Provincial Institution of Public Health, Guangdong Provinical Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Guangdong/2020XN4239-P0034/2020
* Guangdong/2020XN4243-P0035/2020
* Guangdong/2020XN4273-P0036/2020
* Guangdong/2020XN4276-P0037/2020
* Guangdong/2020XN4291-P0038/2020
* Guangdong/2020XN4373-P0039/2020
* Guangdong/2020XN4433-P0040/2020
* Guangdong/2020XN4448-P0002/2020
* Guangdong/2020XN4459-P0041/2020
* Guangdong/2020XN4475-P0042/2020
* Guangdong/DG-S2-P0054/2020
* Guangdong/DG-S41-P0056/2020
* Guangdong/DG-S6-P0055/2020
* Guangdong/DG-S9-P0045/2020
* Guangdong/FS-S29-P0051/2020
* Guangdong/FS-S30-P0052/2020
* Guangdong/FS-S34-P0015/2020
* Guangdong/FS-S42-P0046/2020
* Guangdong/FS-S48-P0047/2020
* Guangdong/FS-S50-P0053/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020012-P0022/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020016-P0011/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020080-P0010/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020085-P0043/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020086-P0021/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020087-P0008/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020115-P0009/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020134-P0031/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020139-P0007/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020227-P0029/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020233-P0027/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020234-P0023/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020241-P0013/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020246-P0028/2020
* Guangdong/GD2020258-P0018/2020
* Guangdong/GDFS2020052-P0025/2020
* Guangdong/GDFS2020054-P0005/2020
* Guangdong/GDFS2020056-P0044/2020
* Guangdong/GDFS2020127-P0026/2020
* Guangdong/GDSZ202004-P0004/2020
* Guangdong/GDSZ202008-P0020/2020
* Guangdong/GDSZ202009-P0032/2020
* Guangdong/GDSZ202013-P0014/2020
* Guangdong/GDSZ202015-P0019/2020
* Guangdong/GZ-S6-P0050/2020
* Guangdong/JM-S1-P0062/2020
* Guangdong/MM-S1-P0048/2020
* Guangdong/SZ-N128-P0057/2020
* Guangdong/SZ-N59-P0049/2020
* Guangdong/ZH-N22-P0059/2020
* Guangdong/ZH-S33-P0058/2020
* Guangdong/ZQ-S2-P0061/2020
* Guangdong/ZS-S6-P0060/2020
* HUS Diagnostiikkakeskus, Hallinto
* Finland/FIN-25/2020
* Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Hangzhou/HZCDC0001/2020
* Hangzhou Center for Disease and Control Microbiology Lab
* Hangzhou/HZ-1/2020
* Harborview Medical Center
* USA/WA3-UW1/2020
* USA/WA9-UW6/2020
* Hong Kong Department of Health
* HongKong/VB20024950/2020
* HongKong/VB20026565/2020
* HongKong/VM20001061/2020
* HongKong/case42_VM20002493/2020
* HongKong/case48_VM20002507/2020
* HongKong/case49_VM20002508/2020
* HongKong/case52_VM20002582/2020
* HongKong/case78_VM20002849/2020
* HongKong/case85_VM20002868/2020
* HongKong/case90_VM20002907/2020
* Hopital Instruction des Armees - BEGIN
* France/IDF2075/2020
* Hopital Robert Debre Laboratoire de Virologie
* France/GE1973/2020
* France/GE1977/2020
* Hopitaux universitaires de Geneve Laboratoire de Virologie
* Switzerland/AG7120/2020
* Switzerland/BE2536/2020
* Switzerland/BE6651/2020
* Switzerland/BS0914/2020
* Switzerland/GE0199/2020
* Switzerland/GE062072020
* Switzerland/GE1402/2020
* Switzerland/GE1422/2020
* Switzerland/GE4135/2020
* Switzerland/GE4984/2020
* Switzerland/GE6679/2020
* Switzerland/GE8102/2020
* Switzerland/GR2988/2020
* Switzerland/GR3043/2020
* Switzerland/SZ1417/2020
* Switzerland/TI2045/2020
* Switzerland/VD0503/2020
* Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein
* Brazil/SPBR-01/2020
* Brazil/SPBR-02/2020
* Brazil/SPBR-03/2020
* Hospital Sao Joaquim Beneficencia Portuguesa
* Brazil/SPBR-04/2020
* Brazil/SPBR-05/2020
* Brazil/SPBR-06/2020
* Hospital de Talca, Chile
* Chile/Talca-1/2020
* Chile/Talca-2/2020
* IL Department of Public Health Chicago Laboratory
* USA/IL1/2020
* USA/IL2/2020
* INMI Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS
* Italy/INMI1-cs/2020
* Italy/INMI1-isl/2020
* Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Virology
* India/1-27/2020
* Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology
* India/1-31/2020
* Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
* Wuhan/IPBCAMS-WH-01/2019
* Wuhan/IPBCAMS-WH-02/2019
* Wuhan/IPBCAMS-WH-03/2019
* Wuhan/IPBCAMS-WH-04/2019
* Wuhan/IPBCAMS-WH-05/2020
* Institute of Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC
* Wuhan/IVDC-HB-envF13-20/2020
* Wuhan/IVDC-HB-envF13-21/2020
* Wuhan/IVDC-HB-envF13/2020
* Wuhan/IVDC-HB-envF54/2020
* Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias
* Mexico/CDMX-InDRE_01/2020
* Jingzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Jingzhou/HBCDC-HB-01/2020
* KU Leuven, Clincal and Epidemiological Virology
* Belgium/BM-03012/2020
* KU Leuven, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology
* Belgium/BA-02291/2020
* Belgium/BC-03016/2020
* Belgium/GHB-03021/2020
* Belgium/QKJ-03015/2020
* Belgium/SH-03014/2020
* Belgium/VAG-03013/2020
* Belgium/VLM-03011/2020
* Klinik Hirslanden Zurich
* Switzerland/1000477757/2020
* Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (KCDC) Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases Division of Viral Diseases
* SouthKorea/KCDC03/2020
* LACEN RJ - Laboratorio Central de Saude Publica Noel Nutels
* Brazil-RJ/314/2020
* LACEN/ES - Laboratorio Central de Saude Publica do Espirito Santo
* Brazil/ES-225/2020
* Laboratoire National de Sante
* Luxembourg/Lux1/2020
* Laboratoire de Virologie Institut de Virologie - INSERM U 1109 Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg
* France/GE1583/2020
* Laboratoire de Virologie, HUG
* Switzerland/AG0361/2020
* Switzerland/BL0902/2020
* Switzerland/GE3121/2020
* Switzerland/GE3895/2020
* Switzerland/GE5373/2020
* Switzerland/GE9586/2020
* Switzerland/TI9486/2020
* Switzerland/VD5615/2020
* Laboratorio Central de Saude Publica Professor Goncalo Moniz LACEN/BA
* Brazil/BA-312/2020
* Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Universita Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano
* Italy/UniSR1/2020
* Laboratory Medicine
* Taiwan/CGMH-CGU-01/2020
* Taiwan/CGMH-CGU-03/2020
* Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
* Chile/Santiago_op2d1/2020
* Chile/Santiago_op3d1/2020
* Chile/Santiago_op4d1/2020
* Lapland Central Hospital
* Finland/1/2020
* MHC Brabant Zuidoost
* Netherlands/Eindhoven_1363782/2020
* MHC Drente
* Netherlands/Dalen_1363624/2020
* MHC Flevoland
* Netherlands/Zeewolde_1365080/2020
* MHC Gooi & Vechtstreek
* Netherlands/Blaricum_1364780/2020
* Netherlands/Naarden_1364774/2020
* MHC Haaglanden
* Netherlands/Nootdorp_1364222/2020
* MHC Hart voor Brabant
* Netherlands/Oisterwijk_1364072/2020
* MHC Kennemerland
* Netherlands/Haarlem_1363688/2020
* MHC Rotterdam-Rijnmond
* Netherlands/Rotterdam_1364040/2020
* MHC Utrecht
* Netherlands/Utrecht_1363564/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_1363628/2020
* Netherlands/Utrecht_1364066/2020
* MHC West-Brabant
* Netherlands/Andel_1365066/2020
* Netherlands/Helmond_1363548/2020
* MSHS Clinical Microbiology Laboratories
* USA/NY1-PV08001/2020
* USA/NY2-PV08100/2020
* Massachusetts Department of Public Health
* USA/MA1/2020
* Minnesota Department of Health, Public Health Laboratory
* USA/MN1-MDH1/2020
* USA/MN2-MDH2/2020
* USA/MN3-MDH3/2020
* Monash Medical Centre
* Australia/VIC01/2020
* NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology
* Jiangsu/JS01/2020
* Jiangsu/JS02/2020
* Jiangsu/JS03/2020
* NYU Langone Health
* USA/NY-NYUMC1/2020
* National Centre for Infectious Diseases
* Singapore/12/2020
* Singapore/13/2020
* Singapore/14/2020
* Singapore/3/2020
* Singapore/4/2020
* National Influenza Center - National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE)
* Vietnam/VR03-38142/2020
* National Influenza Centre, National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu, Nepal
* Nepal/61/2020
* National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC
* Beijing/IVDC-BJ-005/2020
* Chongqing/IVDC-CQ-001/2020
* Henan/IVDC-HeN-002/2020
* Jiangsu/IVDC-JS-001/2020
* Jiangxi/IVDC-JX-002/2020
* Shandong/IVDC-SD-001/2020
* Shanghai/IVDC-SH-001/2020
* Sichuan/IVDC-SC-001/2020
* Wuhan/IVDC-HB-01/2019
* Wuhan/IVDC-HB-04/2020
* Wuhan/IVDC-HB-05/2019
* Yunnan/IVDC-YN-003/2020
* National Public Health Laboratory
* Singapore/11/2020
* National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases
* Singapore/10/2020
* Singapore/7/2020
* Singapore/8/2020
* Singapore/9/2020
* Pathology Queensland
* Australia/QLD01/2020
* Australia/QLD02/2020
* Australia/QLD03/2020
* Australia/QLD04/2020
* Australia/QLD09/2020
* Providence Regional Medical Center
* USA/WA1/2020
* Public Health Ontario Laboratory
* Canada/ON-PHL2445/2020
* Canada/ON-VIDO-01/2020
* R. G. Lugar Center for Public Health Research, National Center for Disease Control and Public Health (NCDC) of Georgia.
* Georgia/Tb-468/2020
* Georgia/Tb-477/2020
* Georgia/Tb-54/2020
* Georgia/Tb-82/2020
* RIVM
* Netherlands/Delft_1363424/2020
* Netherlands/Diemen_1363454/2020
* Netherlands/Loon_op_zand_1363512/2020
* Netherlands/Oss_1363500/2020
* NetherlandsL/Houten_1363498/2020
* Regional Virus Laboratory, Belfast
* NorthernIreland/HSCNI01/2020
* Respiratory Virus Unit, Microbiology Services Colindale, Public Health England
* England/01/2020
* England/02/2020
* England/09c/2020
* England/200641094/2020
* England/200690245/2020
* England/200690300/2020
* England/200690306/2020
* England/200690756/2020
* England/200940527/2020
* England/200960041/2020
* England/200960515/2020
* England/200981386/2020
* England/200990002/2020
* England/200990006/2020
* England/20099038206/2020
* England/200990660/2020
* England/200990723/2020
* England/200990724/2020
* England/200990725/2020
* England/20099079106/2020
* England/20099107406/2020
* England/200991076/2020
* England/201000003/2020
* England/20100001406/2020
* England/20100004706/2020
* England/20100004806/2020
* England/20100005406/2020
* England/20100022706/2020
* England/20100023206/2020
* England/20100024006/2020
* England/20100077906/2020
* England/20100121006/2020
* England/20100121007/2020
* England/20100122106/2020
* England/20100122107/2020
* England/20102000106/2020
* England/20102000206/2020
* England/20102000306/2020
* England/20102000506/2020
* England/20102000906/2020
* England/20102068506/2020
* England/201040081/2020
* England/201040141/2020
* England/20110003506/2020
* Seattle Flu Study
* USA/WA-S2/2020
* USA/WA-S3/2020
* Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University
* Hefei/2/2020
* Serology, Virology and OTDS Laboratories (SAViD), NSW Health Pathology Randwick
* Australia/NSW03/2020
* Servicio Microbiologia, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia
* Spain/Valencia3/2020
* Servicio Microbiologia. Hospital Clinico Universitario. Valencia.
* Spain/Valencia1/2020
* Spain/Valencia2/2020
* Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Shandong/LY001/2020
* Shandong/LY002/2020
* Shandong/LY003/2020
* Shandong/LY004/2020
* Shandong/LY005/2020
* Shandong/LY006/2020
* Shandong/LY007/2020
* Shandong/LY008/2020
* Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital
* Shenzhen/SZTH-002/2020
* Shenzhen/SZTH-003/2020
* Shenzhen/SZTH-004/2020
* Shenzhen Third People's Hospital
* Shenzhen/SZTH-001/2020
* Singapore General Hospital
* Singapore/1/2020
* Singapore/2/2020
* Singapore General Hospital, Molecular Laboratory, Division of Pathology
* Singapore/5/2020
* Singapore/6/2020
* Sorbonne Universite, Inserm et Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (Pitie Salpetriere)
* France/IDF0626/2020
* South China Agricultural University
* pangolin/Guangdong/1/2019
* State Health Office Baden-Wuerttemberg
* Germany/Baden-Wuerttemberg-1/2020
* State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. 310003
* Hangzhou/ZJU-01/2020
* Hangzhou/ZJU-05/2020
* State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
* Guangzhou/GZMU0014/2020
* Guangzhou/GZMU0016/2020
* Guangzhou/GZMU0030/2020
* Guangzhou/GZMU0031/2020
* Guangzhou/GZMU0042/2020
* Guangzhou/GZMU0044/2020
* Guangzhou/GZMU0047/2020
* Guangzhou/GZMU0048/2020
* Tai Lung Veterinary Laboratory, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department
* canine/HongKong/20-02756/2020
* Taiwan Centers for Disease Control
* Taiwan/3/2020
* Taiwan/4/2020
* Texas Department of State Health Services
* USA/TX1/2020
* The Central Hospital Of Wuhan
* Wuhan/HBCDC-HB-02/2020
* The National Institute of Public Health Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology
* CzechRepublic/951/2020
* The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital
* Shenzhen/HKU-SZ-002/2020
* Shenzhen/HKU-SZ-005/2020
* Tianmen Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Tianmen/HBCDC-HB-07/2020
* UCD National Virus Reference Laboratory
* Ireland/COR-20134/2020
* Ireland/Dublin-19072/2020
* Ireland/Limerick-19933/2020
* Ireland/Limerick-19934/2020
* Ireland/Limerick-19935/2020
* UW Virology Lab
* USA/WA-UW15/2020
* USA/WA-UW16/2020
* USA/WA-UW17/2020
* USA/WA-UW18/2020
* USA/WA-UW19/2020
* USA/WA-UW20/2020
* USA/WA-UW21/2020
* USA/WA-UW22/2020
* USA/WA-UW23/2020
* USA/WA-UW24/2020
* USA/WA-UW25/2020
* USA/WA-UW26/2020
* USA/WA-UW27/2020
* USA/WA-UW28/2020
* USA/WA-UW29/2020
* USA/WA-UW30/2020
* USA/WA-UW31/2020
* USA/WA-UW32/2020
* USA/WA-UW33/2020
* USA/WA-UW34/2020
* USA/WA-UW35/2020
* USA/WA-UW40/2020
* USA/WA-UW41/2020
* USA/WA-UW42/2020
* USA/WA-UW43/2020
* USA/WA-UW44/2020
* USA/WA-UW45/2020
* USA/WA-UW46/2020
* USA/WA-UW47/2020
* USA/WA-UW48/2020
* USA/WA-UW49/2020
* USA/WA-UW50/2020
* USA/WA-UW51/2020
* USA/WA-UW52/2020
* USA/WA-UW53/2020
* USA/WA-UW54/2020
* USA/WA-UW55/2020
* USA/WA-UW56/2020
* USA/WA-UW57/2020
* USA/WA-UW58/2020
* USA/WA-UW59/2020
* USA/WA-UW60/2020
* USA/WA-UW61/2020
* USA/WA-UW62/2020
* USA/WA-UW63/2020
* USA/WA-UW64/2020
* USA/WA-UW65/2020
* USA/WA-UW66/2020
* USA/WA-UW67/2020
* USA/WA-UW68/2020
* USA/WA-UW69/2020
* USA/WA-UW70/2020
* USA/WA-UW71/2020
* USA/WA-UW72/2020
* USA/WA-UW73/2020
* USA/WA-UW74/2020
* USA/WA-UW75/2020
* USA/WA-UW76/2020
* USA/WA11-UW7/2020
* USA/WA12-UW8/2020
* USA/WA13-UW9/2020
* USA/WA14-UW10/2020
* USA/WA15-UW11/2020
* USA/WA16-UW12/2020
* USA/WA17-UW13/2020
* USA/WA18-UW14/2020
* Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
* Wuhan/HBCDC-HB-03/2020
* Wuhan/HBCDC-HB-04/2020
* Unknown
* France/BFC2094/2020
* Netherlands/Coevorden_1363618/2020
* Utah Public Health Laboratory
* USA/UPHL-01/2020
* USA/UPHL-02/2020
* USA/UPHL-03/2020
* USA/UPHL-04/2020
* USA/UPHL-05/2020
* USA/UPHL-06/2020
* Valley Medical Center
* USA/WA8-UW5/2020
* Viral Respiratory Lab, National Institute for Biomedical Research (INRB)
* Congo/KN-13/2020
* Virology Department, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian
* Scotland/EDB003/2020
* Scotland/EDB004/2020
* Scotland/EDB005/2020
* Scotland/EDB006/2020
* Scotland/EDB007/2020
* Scotland/EDB008/2020
* Scotland/EDB009/2020
* Scotland/EDB011/2020
* Scotland/EDB012/2020
* Scotland/EDB013/2020
* Virology Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
* England/Sheff01/2020
* England/Sheff02/2020
* Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge.
* Cambodia/0012/2020
* WA State Department of Health
* USA/WA1-A12/2020
* WHO National Influenza Centre Russian Federation
* Russia/StPetersburg-3524/2020
* Wales Specialist Virology Centre
* Wales/PHW03/2020
* Wales/PHW04/2020
* Wales/PHW05/2020
* Wales/PHW06/2020
* Wales/PHW1/2020
* Wales/PHW10/2020
* Wales/PHW12/2020
* Wales/PHW13/2020
* Wales/PHW2/2020
* Wales/PHW27/2020
* Wales/PHW28/2020
* Wales/PHW33/2020
* Wales/PHW37/2020
* Wales/PHW38/2020
* Washington State Department of Health
* USA/WA1-F6/2020
* USA/WA2/2020
* Washington State Public Health Lab
* USA/WA4-UW2/2020
* USA/WA6-UW3/2020
* USA/WA7-UW4/2020
* Weifang Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* China/WF0001/2020
* China/WF0002/2020
* China/WF0003/2020
* China/WF0004/2020
* China/WF0006/2020
* China/WF0009/2020
* China/WF0012/2020
* China/WF0014/2020
* China/WF0015/2020
* China/WF0016/2020
* China/WF0017/2020
* China/WF0018/2020
* China/WF0019/2020
* China/WF0020/2020
* China/WF0021/2020
* China/WF0023/2020
* China/WF0024/2020
* China/WF0026/2020
* China/WF0028/2020
* China/WF0029/2020
* West of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre, NHSGGC
* Scotland/CVR01/2020
* Scotland/CVR02/2020
* Scotland/CVR03/2020
* Scotland/CVR04/2020
* Scotland/CVR05/2020
* Scotland/CVR06/2020
* Scotland/CVR07/2020
* Scotland/CVR10/2020
* Wisconsin Department of Health Services
* USA/WI1/2020
* Wuhan Fourth Hospital
* Wuhan/WH05/2020
* Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
* bat/Yunnan/RaTG13/2013
* Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital
* Wuhan/HBCDC-HB-01/2019
* Wuhan/HBCDC-HB-02/2019
* Wuhan/HBCDC-HB-03/2019
* Wuhan/HBCDC-HB-04/2019
* Wuhan/WIV02/2019
* Wuhan/WIV04/2019
* Wuhan/WIV05/2019
* Wuhan/WIV06/2019
* Wuhan/WIV07/2019
* Wuhan Lung Hospital
* Wuhan/HBCDC-HB-06/2020
* Yongchuan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Chongqing/YC01/2020
* Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Zhejiang/WZ-01/2020
* Zhejiang/WZ-02/2020
* Zhongxian Center for Disease Control and Prevention
* Chongqing/ZX01/2020