diff --git a/.dockerignore b/.dockerignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f97c1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.dockerignore
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+*
+!build.rs
+!Cargo.toml
+!Cargo.lock
+!src
+!config
diff --git a/.editorconfig b/.editorconfig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..071fb8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.editorconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+# there is only one editorconfig for our project so it is automatically the root config
+root = true
+
+[*]
+# the charset helps with guaranteeing that all chars are encoded in the same way
+charset = utf-8
+
+# we solely use spaces for our formatting, so the indent needs to be fixed as well
+indent_size = 4
+tab_width = 4
+ij_continuation_indent_size = 4
+indent_style = space
+ij_smart_tabs = false
+
+# provide the visual guide and hard wrap, so we don't write overly long lines (but don't wrap automatically)
+max_line_length = 120
+ij_visual_guides = 100
+ij_wrap_on_typing = false
+
+# the final newline helps with old/unix tools so that they can properly print files
+insert_final_newline = true
+
+# trailing whitespaces serve absolutely no value, so we can trim them away
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+
+# we do not use the formatter tag at all, since all files need to be compliant
+ij_formatter_tags_enabled = false
+ij_formatter_off_tag = @formatter:off
+ij_formatter_on_tag = @formatter:on
+
+[.editorconfig]
+# spaces after the comma are in line with our other codestyle and increase the readability
+ij_editorconfig_space_after_comma = true
+ij_editorconfig_space_before_comma = false
+
+# colons are used as regular characters, so we use no spaces at all
+ij_editorconfig_space_before_colon = false
+ij_editorconfig_space_after_colon = false
+
+# spaces around the assignment operator increase the readability
+ij_editorconfig_spaces_around_assignment_operators = true
+
+# since there are some very long keys, this is detrimental to the readability
+ij_editorconfig_align_group_field_declarations = false
+
+[{*.yml,*.yaml}]
+# yaml structures can get nested very easily, so we reduce the indent to compensate for that
+indent_size = 2
+tab_width = 2
+
+# some keys can get very long, so we don't want to align all of them together
+ij_yaml_align_values_properties = do_not_align
+
+# the indents for empty lines serve absolutely no value, so we remove them
+ij_yaml_block_mapping_on_new_line = false
+ij_yaml_keep_indents_on_empty_lines = false
+
+# sequence values are already kind of indented because of the hyphen, so we don't indent additionally
+ij_yaml_autoinsert_sequence_marker = true
+ij_yaml_indent_sequence_value = false
+
+# yaml files are used as configuration so line breaks are crucial for the readability
+ij_yaml_keep_line_breaks = true
+ij_yaml_sequence_on_new_line = false
+
+# we don't need spaces before colons
+ij_yaml_space_before_colon = false
+
+# we don't need any spaces within brackets or braces as this is the compressed representation
+ij_yaml_spaces_within_braces = false
+ij_yaml_spaces_within_brackets = false
+
+[*.md]
+# we want spaces after syntactical elements so we enforce them
+ij_markdown_force_one_space_after_blockquote_symbol = true
+ij_markdown_force_one_space_after_header_symbol = true
+ij_markdown_force_one_space_after_list_bullet = true
+ij_markdown_force_one_space_between_words = true
+
+# indents on empty lines serve no real purpose and can therefore be trimmed away
+ij_markdown_keep_indents_on_empty_lines = false
+
+# paragraphs have exactly one
+ij_markdown_max_lines_between_paragraphs = 1
+ij_markdown_min_lines_between_paragraphs = 1
+
+# block elements have exactly one newline around them to increase the readability
+ij_markdown_min_lines_around_block_elements = 1
+ij_markdown_max_lines_around_block_elements = 1
+
+# headers have exactly one newline around them to increase the readability
+ij_markdown_min_lines_around_header = 1
+ij_markdown_max_lines_around_header = 1
+
+[{*.toml,Cargo.lock,Cargo.toml.orig,Gopkg.lock,Pipfile,poetry.lock}]
+ij_toml_keep_indents_on_empty_lines = false
diff --git a/.github/dependabot.yml b/.github/dependabot.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3fcd087
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/dependabot.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+version: 2
+updates:
+- package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+  directory: "/"
+  schedule:
+    interval: "weekly"
+- package-ecosystem: "cargo"
+  directory: "/"
+  schedule:
+    interval: "weekly"
diff --git a/.github/images/logo.png b/.github/images/logo.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ae06d6
Binary files /dev/null and b/.github/images/logo.png differ
diff --git a/.github/workflows/docker.yml b/.github/workflows/docker.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8b3ac7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/docker.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+name: Docker
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+    - main
+    tags:
+    - '*'
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+    - main
+
+env:
+  REGISTRY: ghcr.io
+  IMAGE_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      packages: write
+      actions: read
+      security-events: write
+      id-token: write
+    steps:
+
+    - name: Checkout repository
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+    - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+      uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+
+    - name: Login into GitHub Container Registry
+      if: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
+      uses: docker/login-action@v3
+      with:
+        registry: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}
+        username: ${{ github.actor }}
+        password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+    - name: Extract metadata (tags, labels) for Docker
+      id: meta
+      uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+      with:
+        images: |
+          ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
+        tags: |
+          type=semver,pattern={{version}}
+          type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}}
+          type=semver,pattern={{major}}
+        flavor: |
+          latest=true
+        labels: |
+          org.opencontainers.image.title=mcexport
+          org.opencontainers.image.description=Minecraft Server Prometheus Exporter
+          org.opencontainers.image.vendor=Scrayos UG (haftungsbeschränkt)
+          org.opencontainers.image.authors=Joshua Dean Küpper <admin@joshua-kuepper.de>
+          org.opencontainers.image.url=https://github.com/scrayosnet/mcexport
+          org.opencontainers.image.documentation=https://github.com/scrayosnet/mcexport
+          org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/scrayosnet/mcexport
+          org.opencontainers.image.licenses=MIT
+
+    - name: Build and push Docker image
+      id: build-and-push
+      uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+      with:
+        context: .
+        push: ${{ github.ref_type == 'tag' }}
+        tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
+        annotations: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.annotations }}
+        labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
+        provenance: false
+        sbom: false
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..257f1e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+name: Build and Release Binaries
+
+on:
+  release:
+    types:
+    - published
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os:
+        - 'ubuntu-latest'
+        - 'macos-latest'
+        - 'windows-latest'
+
+    steps:
+    - name: Checkout code
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+    - name: Apply caching
+      uses: swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+
+    - name: Install Rust
+      uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+      with:
+        toolchain: stable
+
+    - name: Build binary
+      run: |
+        cargo build --release
+      env:
+        CARGO_BUILD_TARGET: ${{ matrix.os == 'windows-latest' && 'x86_64-pc-windows-msvc' || 'x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu' || 'x86_64-apple-darwin' }}
+
+    - name: Upload binary artifact
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      with:
+        name: ${{ matrix.os }}-binary
+        path: target/release/${{ github.event.repository.name }}${{ matrix.os == 'windows-latest' && '.exe' || '' }}
+
+  release:
+    needs: build
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - name: Download artifacts
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+      with:
+        path: binaries
+
+    - name: Upload release binaries
+      uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v2
+      with:
+        files: binaries/*
diff --git a/.github/workflows/rust.yml b/.github/workflows/rust.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3e745d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/rust.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+name: Rust
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+    - main
+    tags:
+    - v*
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+    - main
+
+env:
+  CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      security-events: write
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+
+    - name: Checkout repository
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+    - name: Apply caching
+      uses: swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+
+    - name: Install required cargo
+      run: cargo install clippy-sarif sarif-fmt
+
+    - name: Check OpenSSL
+      run: (! cargo tree -i openssl 2> /dev/null)
+
+    - name: Build with cargo
+      run: cargo build --verbose
+
+    - name: Run tests with cargo
+      run: cargo test --verbose --all-features
+
+    - name: Check format
+      run: cargo fmt --check
+
+    - name: Perform linting
+      run:
+        cargo clippy
+        --all-features
+        --message-format=json | clippy-sarif | tee rust-clippy-results.sarif | sarif-fmt
+      continue-on-error: true
+
+    - name: Upload analysis results to GitHub
+      uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@v3
+      with:
+        sarif_file: rust-clippy-results.sarif
+        wait-for-processing: true
+
+    - name: Perform audit
+      run: cargo audit
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90db511
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+### JetBrains template
+# Covers JetBrains IDEs: IntelliJ, RubyMine, PhpStorm, AppCode, PyCharm, CLion, Android Studio, WebStorm and Rider
+# Reference: https://intellij-support.jetbrains.com/hc/en-us/articles/206544839
+
+# User-specific stuff
+.idea/**/workspace.xml
+.idea/**/tasks.xml
+.idea/**/usage.statistics.xml
+.idea/**/dictionaries
+.idea/**/shelf
+
+*.iml
+
+# AWS User-specific
+.idea/**/aws.xml
+
+# Generated files
+.idea/**/contentModel.xml
+
+# Sensitive or high-churn files
+.idea/**/dataSources/
+.idea/**/dataSources.ids
+.idea/**/dataSources.local.xml
+.idea/**/sqlDataSources.xml
+.idea/**/dynamic.xml
+.idea/**/uiDesigner.xml
+.idea/**/dbnavigator.xml
+
+# Gradle
+.idea/**/gradle.xml
+.idea/**/libraries
+
+# Gradle and Maven with auto-import
+# When using Gradle or Maven with auto-import, you should exclude module files,
+# since they will be recreated, and may cause churn.  Uncomment if using
+# auto-import.
+# .idea/artifacts
+# .idea/compiler.xml
+# .idea/jarRepositories.xml
+# .idea/modules.xml
+# .idea/*.iml
+# .idea/modules
+# *.iml
+# *.ipr
+
+# CMake
+cmake-build-*/
+
+# Mongo Explorer plugin
+.idea/**/mongoSettings.xml
+
+# File-based project format
+*.iws
+
+# IntelliJ
+out/
+
+# mpeltonen/sbt-idea plugin
+.idea_modules/
+
+# JIRA plugin
+atlassian-ide-plugin.xml
+
+# Cursive Clojure plugin
+.idea/replstate.xml
+
+# SonarLint plugin
+.idea/sonarlint/
+
+# Crashlytics plugin (for Android Studio and IntelliJ)
+com_crashlytics_export_strings.xml
+crashlytics.properties
+crashlytics-build.properties
+fabric.properties
+
+# Editor-based Rest Client
+.idea/httpRequests
+
+# Android studio 3.1+ serialized cache file
+.idea/caches/build_file_checksums.ser
+
+# Block the entire idea folder alltogether
+.idea/
+
+### Rust template
+# Generated by Cargo
+# will have compiled files and executables
+debug/
+target/
+
+# These are backup files generated by rustfmt
+**/*.rs.bk
+
+# MSVC Windows builds of rustc generate these, which store debugging information
+*.pdb
+
+# Compiled resources
+build/
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..704b032
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# Changelog
+
+To view the changes for this project, please look into the [releases][releases-overview]. They contain lists of what was
+changed between versions and list all the relevant Pull Requests.
+
+[releases-overview]: https://github.com/scrayosnet/mcexport/releases
diff --git a/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md b/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d16a881
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+# Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct
+
+## Our Pledge
+
+We as members, contributors, and leaders pledge to make participation in our
+community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body
+size, visible or invisible disability, ethnicity, sex characteristics, gender
+identity and expression, level of experience, education, socio-economic status,
+nationality, personal appearance, race, caste, color, religion, or sexual
+identity and orientation.
+
+We pledge to act and interact in ways that contribute to an open, welcoming,
+diverse, inclusive, and healthy community.
+
+## Our Standards
+
+Examples of behavior that contributes to a positive environment for our
+community include:
+
+* Demonstrating empathy and kindness toward other people
+* Being respectful of differing opinions, viewpoints, and experiences
+* Giving and gracefully accepting constructive feedback
+* Accepting responsibility and apologizing to those affected by our mistakes,
+  and learning from the experience
+* Focusing on what is best not just for us as individuals, but for the overall
+  community
+
+Examples of unacceptable behavior include:
+
+* The use of sexualized language or imagery, and sexual attention or advances of
+  any kind
+* Trolling, insulting or derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks
+* Public or private harassment
+* Publishing others' private information, such as a physical or email address,
+  without their explicit permission
+* Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a
+  professional setting
+
+## Enforcement Responsibilities
+
+Community leaders are responsible for clarifying and enforcing our standards of
+acceptable behavior and will take appropriate and fair corrective action in
+response to any behavior that they deem inappropriate, threatening, offensive,
+or harmful.
+
+Community leaders have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or reject
+comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions that are
+not aligned to this Code of Conduct, and will communicate reasons for moderation
+decisions when appropriate.
+
+## Scope
+
+This Code of Conduct applies within all community spaces, and also applies when
+an individual is officially representing the community in public spaces.
+Examples of representing our community include using an official e-mail address,
+posting via an official social media account, or acting as an appointed
+representative at an online or offline event.
+
+## Enforcement
+
+Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be
+reported to the community leaders responsible for enforcement at
+[INSERT CONTACT METHOD].
+All complaints will be reviewed and investigated promptly and fairly.
+
+All community leaders are obligated to respect the privacy and security of the
+reporter of any incident.
+
+## Enforcement Guidelines
+
+Community leaders will follow these Community Impact Guidelines in determining
+the consequences for any action they deem in violation of this Code of Conduct:
+
+### 1. Correction
+
+**Community Impact**: Use of inappropriate language or other behavior deemed
+unprofessional or unwelcome in the community.
+
+**Consequence**: A private, written warning from community leaders, providing
+clarity around the nature of the violation and an explanation of why the
+behavior was inappropriate. A public apology may be requested.
+
+### 2. Warning
+
+**Community Impact**: A violation through a single incident or series of
+actions.
+
+**Consequence**: A warning with consequences for continued behavior. No
+interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction with
+those enforcing the Code of Conduct, for a specified period of time. This
+includes avoiding interactions in community spaces as well as external channels
+like social media. Violating these terms may lead to a temporary or permanent
+ban.
+
+### 3. Temporary Ban
+
+**Community Impact**: A serious violation of community standards, including
+sustained inappropriate behavior.
+
+**Consequence**: A temporary ban from any sort of interaction or public
+communication with the community for a specified period of time. No public or
+private interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction
+with those enforcing the Code of Conduct, is allowed during this period.
+Violating these terms may lead to a permanent ban.
+
+### 4. Permanent Ban
+
+**Community Impact**: Demonstrating a pattern of violation of community
+standards, including sustained inappropriate behavior, harassment of an
+individual, or aggression toward or disparagement of classes of individuals.
+
+**Consequence**: A permanent ban from any sort of public interaction within the
+community.
+
+## Attribution
+
+This Code of Conduct is adapted from the [Contributor Covenant][homepage],
+version 2.1, available at
+[https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/2/1/code_of_conduct.html][v2.1].
+
+Community Impact Guidelines were inspired by
+[Mozilla's code of conduct enforcement ladder][Mozilla CoC].
+
+For answers to common questions about this code of conduct, see the FAQ at
+[https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq][FAQ]. Translations are available at
+[https://www.contributor-covenant.org/translations][translations].
+
+[homepage]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org
+
+[v2.1]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/2/1/code_of_conduct.html
+
+[Mozilla CoC]: https://github.com/mozilla/diversity
+
+[FAQ]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq
+
+[translations]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org/translations
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54a25c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# Contributing
+
+We're always open to contributions to this project! Below are some small guidelines to follow when submitting any Pull
+Requests for this project. Thanks for contributing!
+
+## Code of Conduct
+
+Participation in this project comes under the [Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct][code-of-conduct].
+
+## Pull Requests
+
+In order to contribute to this project, please note:
+
+* We follow the [GitHub Pull Request Model][github-pull-request-model] for all contributions.
+* For new features, documentation **must** be included.
+* All submissions require review before being merged.
+* Once review has occurred, please squash your Pull Request into a single commit and rebase it.
+* Write [meaningful commit message][commit-messages] for your contribution.
+* See this [blog post][logging-levels] for choosing the right logging levels.
+* Please follow the code formatting instructions below.
+
+### Formatting
+
+Please note the following rules for formatting your code:
+
+* Format all Rust code with [rustfmt][rustfmt-docs]. You may also use [clippy][clippy-docs] which performs linting.
+* Remove trailing whitespaces in all files.
+* Ensure any new or modified files have a [trailing newline][trailing-newline-stackoverflow].
+
+This project comes also with an [.editorconfig][editorconfig-docs] that should already handle most of the cases outlined
+above will always be extended to match these criteria as close as possible.
+
+### Continuous Integration
+
+Automatic checks are performed through [GitHub Actions][github-actions-docs] and run for every submitted Pull Request.
+They are all expected to run without any warnings or errors, until the Pull Request will be merged. Please look into the
+output of the Workflows that were executed on your Pull Request to check whether everything complies with our checks.
+
+[code-of-conduct]: CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
+
+[github-pull-request-model]: https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/proposing-changes-to-your-work-with-pull-requests/about-pull-requests
+
+[commit-messages]: https://cbea.ms/git-commit/
+
+[logging-levels]: https://medium.com/@tom.hombergs/tip-use-logging-levels-consistently-913b7b8e9782
+
+[rustfmt-docs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rustfmt
+
+[clippy-docs]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy
+
+[trailing-newline-stackoverflow]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5813311/no-newline-at-end-of-file
+
+[editorconfig-docs]: https://editorconfig.org/
+
+[github-actions-docs]: https://github.com/features/actions
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c807154
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,1532 @@
+# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
+# It is not intended for manual editing.
+version = 3
+
+[[package]]
+name = "addr2line"
+version = "0.24.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dfbe277e56a376000877090da837660b4427aad530e3028d44e0bffe4f89a1c1"
+dependencies = [
+ "gimli",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "adler2"
+version = "2.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "512761e0bb2578dd7380c6baaa0f4ce03e84f95e960231d1dec8bf4d7d6e2627"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "async-trait"
+version = "0.1.83"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "721cae7de5c34fbb2acd27e21e6d2cf7b886dce0c27388d46c4e6c47ea4318dd"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "autocfg"
+version = "1.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ace50bade8e6234aa140d9a2f552bbee1db4d353f69b8217bc503490fc1a9f26"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "axum"
+version = "0.7.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "edca88bc138befd0323b20752846e6587272d3b03b0343c8ea28a6f819e6e71f"
+dependencies = [
+ "async-trait",
+ "axum-core",
+ "bytes",
+ "futures-util",
+ "http",
+ "http-body",
+ "http-body-util",
+ "hyper",
+ "hyper-util",
+ "itoa",
+ "matchit",
+ "memchr",
+ "mime",
+ "percent-encoding",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "rustversion",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_urlencoded",
+ "sync_wrapper 1.0.2",
+ "tokio",
+ "tower",
+ "tower-layer",
+ "tower-service",
+ "tracing",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "axum-core"
+version = "0.4.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "09f2bd6146b97ae3359fa0cc6d6b376d9539582c7b4220f041a33ec24c226199"
+dependencies = [
+ "async-trait",
+ "bytes",
+ "futures-util",
+ "http",
+ "http-body",
+ "http-body-util",
+ "mime",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "rustversion",
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+]
+
+[[package]]
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+[[package]]
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+ "windows_aarch64_msvc 0.48.5",
+ "windows_i686_gnu 0.48.5",
+ "windows_i686_msvc 0.48.5",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnu 0.48.5",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnullvm 0.48.5",
+ "windows_x86_64_msvc 0.48.5",
+]
+
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+ "windows_aarch64_msvc 0.52.6",
+ "windows_i686_gnu 0.52.6",
+ "windows_i686_gnullvm",
+ "windows_i686_msvc 0.52.6",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnu 0.52.6",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnullvm 0.52.6",
+ "windows_x86_64_msvc 0.52.6",
+]
+
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+ "windows-sys 0.48.0",
+]
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+ "serde",
+ "stable_deref_trait",
+ "yoke-derive",
+ "zerofrom",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+checksum = "28cc31741b18cb6f1d5ff12f5b7523e3d6eb0852bbbad19d73905511d9849b95"
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+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+ "synstructure",
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+ "zerocopy-derive",
+]
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+[[package]]
+name = "zerocopy-derive"
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
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+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "91ec111ce797d0e0784a1116d0ddcdbea84322cd79e5d5ad173daeba4f93ab55"
+dependencies = [
+ "zerofrom-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerofrom-derive"
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0ea7b4a3637ea8669cedf0f1fd5c286a17f3de97b8dd5a70a6c167a1730e63a5"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+ "synstructure",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerovec"
+version = "0.10.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "aa2b893d79df23bfb12d5461018d408ea19dfafe76c2c7ef6d4eba614f8ff079"
+dependencies = [
+ "yoke",
+ "zerofrom",
+ "zerovec-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zerovec-derive"
+version = "0.10.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6eafa6dfb17584ea3e2bd6e76e0cc15ad7af12b09abdd1ca55961bed9b1063c6"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d521ff7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+[package]
+name = "mcexport"
+description = "Minecraft Server Prometheus Probe Exporter"
+version = "0.1.0"
+authors = [
+    "Joshua Dean Küpper <admin@joshua-kuepper.de>"
+]
+license = "MIT"
+repository = "https://github.com/scrayosnet/mcexport"
+readme = "README.md"
+documentation = "https://github.com/scrayosnet/mcexport"
+homepage = "https://github.com/scrayosnet/mcexport"
+keywords = ["minecraft", "prometheus", "monitoring", "exporter", "ping"]
+edition = "2021"
+
+[dependencies]
+tokio = { version = "1", features = ["rt-multi-thread", "macros", "net"] }
+axum = { version = "0.7", default-features = false, features = ["http1", "tokio", "tower-log", "tracing", "query"] }
+tracing = "0.1"
+serde = { version = "1.0.214", features = ["derive"] }
+serde_json = "1"
+hickory-resolver = "0.24.1"
+thiserror = "2.0.3"
+prometheus-client = "0.22.3"
+tracing-subscriber = "0.3.18"
+tower-http = { version = "0.6.1", features = ["trace"] }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+serde_test = "1"
diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c851a84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+FROM rust:alpine@sha256:466dc9924d265455aa73e72fd9cdac9db69ce6a988e6f0e6baf852db3485d97d AS builder
+
+# specify our build directory
+WORKDIR /usr/src/mcexport
+
+# copy the source files into the engine
+COPY . .
+
+# install dev dependencies and perform build process
+RUN set -eux \
+ && apk add --no-cache musl-dev \
+ && cargo build --release
+
+
+FROM scratch
+
+# declare our metrics port
+EXPOSE 8080
+
+# copy the raw binary into the new image
+COPY --from=builder "/usr/src/mcexport/target/release/mcexport" "/mcexport"
+
+# copy the users and groups for the nobody user and group
+COPY --from=builder "/etc/passwd" "/etc/passwd"
+COPY --from=builder "/etc/group" "/etc/group"
+
+# we run with minimum permissions as the nobody user
+USER nobody:nobody
+
+# just execute the raw binary without any wrapper
+ENTRYPOINT ["/mcexport"]
diff --git a/LICENSE.md b/LICENSE.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb5dde4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2022 Scrayos UG (haftungsbeschränkt)
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eef8db5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+![The official Logo of mcexport](.github/images/logo.png "mcexport")
+
+![A visual badge for the latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/scrayosnet/mcexport "Latest Release")
+![A visual badge for the workflow status](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/scrayosnet/mcexport/docker.yml "Workflow Status")
+![A visual badge for the dependency status](https://img.shields.io/librariesio/github/scrayosnet/mcexport "Dependencies")
+![A visual badge for the Docker image size](https://ghcr-badge.egpl.dev/scrayosnet/mcexport/size "Image Size")
+![A visual badge for the license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/scrayosnet/mcexport "License")
+
+mcexport is a [Prometheus][prometheus-docs] prober exporter to query the publicly available information on arbitrary
+Minecraft servers through the official [ping protocol][ping-protocol-docs]. Unlike many other available exporters, this
+exporter is explicitly designed to query Minecraft servers from the outside.
+
+The idea is similar to the official [Blackbox exporter][blackbox-exporter], but mcexport is specialized in probing
+Minecraft servers along with their publicly available Server List information. It supports the Minecraft protocol for
+all servers that are using Minecraft version 1.7 and above.
+
+## Motivation
+
+While there are many Minecraft-related exporters available at GitHub, there's none that use the
+[Multi-Target Exporter Pattern][multi-target-exporter-docs] and that can be used without exposing [RCON][rcon-docs].
+Instead of exposing the internal processes and metrics of a single Minecraft server, mcexport probes any requested
+Minecraft server through the publicly available data.
+
+Additionally, mcexport was developed in [Rust][rust-docs], enabling great performance and therefore allowing to scrape
+server metrics on a large scale. Combined with its well-tested reliability and hardened security, this makes large-scale
+analysis of the Minecraft server ecosystem possible. Therefore, mcexport can be seen as a specialization of the official
+[Blackbox exporter][blackbox-exporter] that offers fast and efficient Minecraft metric probing.
+
+The difference between mcexport and other existing solutions like
+[sladkoff/minecraft-prometheus-exporter][sladkoff-exporter], [cpburnz/minecraft-prometheus-exporter][cpburnz-exporter]
+and [dirien/minecraft-prometheus-exporter][dirien-exporter] is that those specialize in aggregating detailed metrics on
+a single Minecraft server (either as a plugin, mod or external service) while mcexport does aggregate only public data
+about dynamically submitted Minecraft servers.
+
+The only existing solution that also supports dynamic probing is
+[Scientistguy/minecraft-prometheus-exporter][scientist-exporter], which requires [RCON][rcon-docs] to be enabled. That
+was not an option, as we want to scrape metrics from servers that we have no control over. Therefore, mcexport is the
+only solution for this scenario, offering dynamic probing on public Minecraft servers without any configuration or
+necessary adjustments.
+
+Since metrics are bound to a specific instant in time, mcexport needed to be lightweight, scalable and hardened to be
+used as a reliable exporter in aggregating data. We offer robust container images and wanted to minimize any
+configuration and flags as much as possible. Any configuration is only done within Prometheus, making mcexport
+ready for [Kubernetes][kubernetes-docs] from the get-go through [Probe][probe-docs].
+
+## Feature Highlights
+
+* Scrape multiple Minecraft servers through the public [Server List Ping protocol][ping-protocol-docs].
+* Expose information about the supported versions, current and maximum player count, latency and player samples.
+* Configure the targets and scrape intervals directly within Prometheus.
+* Start with zero configuration, no external resources or dependencies for mcexport.
+* Use it without applying any changes to the queried Minecraft servers.
+
+## Available Modules
+
+To select a specific protocol version to ping a target, you can use the `module` field of the [Probe Spec][probe-docs]
+and set it to the required [protocol version number][pvn-docs]. Any number (negative and positive) is supported and
+will be sent as the desired protocol version to the target. mcexport supports the latest iteration of the
+[Server List Ping protocol][ping-protocol-docs] that all servers since Minecraft 1.7 use.
+
+If no module is specified explicitly, the most recent version at the time of the last release is used instead.
+Therefore, this may not be the latest version at any time, but at least a somewhat recent version. You can override
+the version with the `module` field until a new release is created.
+
+Ideally, we could use (and fall back to) `-1` as the protocol version, as that is recommended to use, when determining
+the appropriate/maximum supported version of a server. However, our practical tests revealed that only very few servers
+would support this convention and would just reply with `-1` on their side, meaning unsupported. And servers that
+support `-1` also support specifying a recent version. Therefore, the "somewhat recent" version is the best we can do by
+default and without further configuration.
+
+## Getting Started
+
+> [!WARNING]
+> While mcexport is stable, please view the individual releases for any version-specific details that need to be
+> considered while deploying. Changes are performed in adherence to [Semantic Versioning][semver-docs].
+
+### Setup mcexport
+
+Before any Minecraft servers can be probed, we first need to set up mcexport on the corresponding machine. This does not
+have to be the machine of the probed targets, but instead, it will probably be the same system that Prometheus runs on.
+
+#### From Binaries
+
+To run mcexport from a binary file, download the appropriate binary from our [releases][github-releases], make it
+executable and run it within the shell of your choice:
+
+```shell
+chmod +x mcexport
+./mcexport
+```
+
+#### Using Docker
+
+To run mcexport within Docker, we can use the images that we release within our [Container Registry][github-ghcr].
+Those images are hardened and provide the optimal environment to execute mcexport in a containerized environment.
+
+```shell
+docker run --rm \
+  -p 10026/tcp \
+  --name mcexport \
+  ghcr.io/scrayosnet/mcexport:latest
+```
+
+#### Using Kubernetes
+
+There's currently no public [Helm Chart][helm-chart-docs] for mcexport. We're open for contributions! In the meantime,
+you can create your own deployment using [Kustomize][kustomize-docs] or any other tooling of your choice.
+
+### Check Setup
+
+To verify whether everything works as expected, we can invoke the following command on the same machine and observe the
+reported result:
+
+```shell
+curl --request GET -sL --url 'http://localhost:10026/probe?target=mc.justchunks.net'
+```
+
+If the result shows any metrics, mcexport is now setup successfully and can be used to probe Minecraft servers.
+
+### Configure Prometheus
+
+Now that mcexport is working as expected, we need to configure Prometheus to probe any Minecraft server targets.
+Depending on the individual setup, this can be done in one of those ways:
+
+#### Normal Configuration
+
+In a normal (non-Kubernetes) deployment of Prometheus, we can probe any Minecraft server with a scrape
+configuration like this:
+
+```yaml
+scrape_configs:
+- job_name: "mcexport"
+  scrape_interval: 60s
+  scrape_timeout: 30s
+  static_configs:
+  - targets:
+    - 'mc.justchunks.net'
+    - 'example.com'
+```
+
+#### CRD-based Configuration
+
+Assuming, there's a namespace `mcexport` with a deployment of mcexport, and a corresponding service `mcexport` is in
+that namespace, that exposes the mcexport instances internally, we can probe metrics with this CRD configuration
+using the [Probe][probe-docs] resource:
+
+```yaml
+apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1
+kind: Probe
+metadata:
+  name: mcexport
+  namespace: mcexport
+spec:
+  prober:
+    url: 'mcexport.mcexport:10026'
+  interval: 60s
+  scrapeTimeout: 30s
+  targets:
+    staticConfig:
+      static:
+      - 'mc.justchunks.net'
+      - 'example.com'
+```
+
+## Reporting Security Issues
+
+To report a security issue for this project, please note our [Security Policy][security-policy].
+
+## Code of Conduct
+
+Participation in this project comes under the [Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct][code-of-conduct].
+
+## How to contribute
+
+Thanks for considering contributing to this project! In order to submit a Pull Request, please read
+our [contributing][contributing-guide] guide. This project is in active development, and we're always happy to receive
+new contributions!
+
+## License
+
+This project is developed and distributed under the MIT License. See [this explanation][mit-license-doc] for a rundown
+on what that means.
+
+[prometheus-docs]: https://prometheus.io/
+
+[ping-protocol-docs]: https://wiki.vg/Server_List_Ping
+
+[blackbox-exporter]: https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter
+
+[multi-target-exporter-docs]: https://prometheus.io/docs/guides/multi-target-exporter
+
+[rcon-docs]: https://wiki.vg/RCON
+
+[rust-docs]: https://www.rust-lang.org/
+
+[sladkoff-exporter]: https://github.com/sladkoff/minecraft-prometheus-exporter
+
+[cpburnz-exporter]: https://github.com/cpburnz/minecraft-prometheus-exporter
+
+[dirien-exporter]: https://github.com/dirien/minecraft-prometheus-exporter
+
+[scientist-exporter]: https://github.com/Sciencentistguy/minecraft-prometheus-exporter
+
+[kubernetes-docs]: https://kubernetes.io/
+
+[pvn-docs]: https://wiki.vg/Protocol_version_numbers
+
+[probe-docs]: https://github.com/prometheus-operator/prometheus-operator/blob/main/Documentation/api.md#monitoring.coreos.com/v1.Probe
+
+[semver-docs]: https://semver.org/lang/de/
+
+[github-releases]: https://github.com/scrayosnet/mcexport/releases
+
+[github-ghcr]: https://github.com/scrayosnet/mcexport/pkgs/container/mcexport
+
+[helm-chart-docs]: https://helm.sh/
+
+[kustomize-docs]: https://kustomize.io/
+
+[security-policy]: SECURITY.md
+
+[code-of-conduct]: CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
+
+[contributing-guide]: CONTRIBUTING.md
+
+[mit-license-doc]: https://choosealicense.com/licenses/mit/
diff --git a/SECURITY.md b/SECURITY.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5a04e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/SECURITY.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Security Policy
+
+We take the security of our projects very seriously. Therefore, we try to react to reports as fast as possible. However,
+please allow us some time to implement the necessary changes.
+
+## Reporting a Vulnerability
+
+Please report (suspected) security vulnerabilities to **[security@scrayos.net](mailto:security@scrayos.net)** and do not
+use the regular GitHub issues. You will receive a response from us within 48 hours. If the issue is confirmed, we will
+release a patch as soon as possible, depending on the complexity and severity. If you do not hear from us, please follow
+up to confirm, we received your original message.
+
+Please include as much information as possible with your report. If you have steps to reproduce, that will greatly speed
+up the fix.
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ebe438
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+mod ping;
+mod probe;
+mod protocol;
+
+use crate::ping::{get_server_status, PingError, PingStatus};
+use crate::probe::ResolutionResult::{Plain, Srv};
+use crate::probe::{ProbeError, ProbeInfo};
+use crate::protocol::ProtocolError;
+use axum::body::Body;
+use axum::extract::{Query, State};
+use axum::http::header::CONTENT_TYPE;
+use axum::http::StatusCode;
+use axum::response::{Html, IntoResponse, Response};
+use axum::routing::get;
+use axum::Router;
+use hickory_resolver::TokioAsyncResolver;
+use prometheus_client::encoding::text::encode;
+use prometheus_client::metrics::family::Family;
+use prometheus_client::metrics::gauge::Gauge;
+use prometheus_client::registry::Registry;
+use std::error::Error;
+use std::net::SocketAddr;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, AtomicU64};
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use thiserror::Error;
+use tokio::net::TcpListener;
+use tower_http::trace::TraceLayer;
+use tracing::{info, instrument};
+use tracing_subscriber::filter::LevelFilter;
+use tracing_subscriber::layer::SubscriberExt;
+use tracing_subscriber::util::SubscriberInitExt;
+use tracing_subscriber::Layer;
+
+/// MetricError is the public response error wrapper for all errors that can be relayed to the caller.
+///
+/// This wraps all errors of the child modules into their own error type, so that they can be forwarded to the caller
+/// of the probe requests. Those errors occur while trying to assemble the response for a specific probe and are then
+/// wrapped into a parent type so that they can be more easily traced.
+#[derive(Error, Debug)]
+pub enum MetricError {
+    /// An error occurred while reading or writing to the underlying byte stream.
+    #[error("failed to resolve the intended target address: {0}")]
+    ProbeError(#[from] ProbeError),
+    /// An error occurred while encoding, decoding or interpreting the Minecraft protocol.
+    #[error("failed to interpret or encode protocol messages: {0}")]
+    ProtocolError(#[from] ProtocolError),
+    /// An error occurred while reading or writing to the underlying byte stream.
+    #[error("failed to communicate with the target server: {0}")]
+    PingError(#[from] PingError),
+}
+
+/// AppState contains various, shared resources for the state of the application.
+///
+/// The state of the application can be shared across all requests to benefit from their caching, resource consumption
+/// and configuration. The access is handled through [Arc], allowing for multiple threads to use the same resource
+/// without any problems regarding thread safety.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct AppState {
+    pub resolver: TokioAsyncResolver,
+}
+
+impl IntoResponse for MetricError {
+    fn into_response(self) -> Response {
+        // notify in the log (as we don't see it otherwise)
+        info!(cause = &self.to_string(), "failed to resolve the target");
+
+        // respond with the unsuccessful metrics
+        generate_metrics_response(0, |_| {})
+    }
+}
+
+impl IntoResponse for PingStatus {
+    fn into_response(self) -> Response {
+        // return the generated metrics
+        generate_metrics_response(1, |registry| {
+            // ping duration (gauge)
+            let ping_duration = Family::<(), Gauge<f64, AtomicU64>>::default();
+            registry.register(
+                "ping_duration_seconds",
+                "The duration that's elapsed since the probe request",
+                ping_duration.clone(),
+            );
+            ping_duration
+                .get_or_create(&())
+                .set(self.ping.as_secs_f64());
+
+            // srv record (Gauge)
+            let address_srv = Family::<(), Gauge>::default();
+            registry.register(
+                "address_srv_info",
+                "Whether there was an SRV record for the hostname",
+                address_srv.clone(),
+            );
+            address_srv
+                .get_or_create(&())
+                .set(if self.srv { 1 } else { 0 });
+
+            let players_online = Family::<(), Gauge<u32, AtomicU32>>::default();
+            registry.register(
+                "players_online_total",
+                "The number of players that are currently online",
+                players_online.clone(),
+            );
+            players_online
+                .get_or_create(&())
+                .set(self.status.players.online);
+
+            let players_max = Family::<(), Gauge<u32, AtomicU32>>::default();
+            registry.register(
+                "players_max_total",
+                "The number of players that can join at maximum",
+                players_max.clone(),
+            );
+            players_max.get_or_create(&()).set(self.status.players.max);
+
+            let players_samples_count = Family::<(), Gauge>::default();
+            registry.register(
+                "players_samples_total",
+                "The number of sample entries that have been sent",
+                players_samples_count.clone(),
+            );
+            players_samples_count.get_or_create(&()).set(
+                self.status
+                    .players
+                    .sample
+                    .map_or_else(|| 0usize, |s| s.len()) as i64,
+            );
+
+            let protocol_version = Family::<(), Gauge>::default();
+            registry.register(
+                "protocol_version_info",
+                "The numeric network protocol version",
+                protocol_version.clone(),
+            );
+            protocol_version
+                .get_or_create(&())
+                .set(self.status.version.protocol);
+
+            let favicon_bytes = Family::<(), Gauge>::default();
+            registry.register(
+                "favicon_bytes",
+                "The size of the favicon in bytes",
+                favicon_bytes.clone(),
+            );
+            let size = match self.status.favicon {
+                Some(icon) => icon.len(),
+                None => 0,
+            };
+            favicon_bytes.get_or_create(&()).set(size as i64);
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+/// Initializes the application and creates all necessary resources for the operation.
+///
+/// This binds the server socket and starts the HTTP server to serve the probe requests of Prometheus. This also
+/// configures the corresponding routes for the status and probe endpoint and makes them publicly available. The
+/// prometheus registry and metrics are initialized and made ready for the first probe requests.
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+    tracing_subscriber::registry()
+        .with(
+            tracing_subscriber::fmt::layer()
+                .compact()
+                .with_filter(LevelFilter::INFO),
+        )
+        .init();
+
+    // initialize the application state
+    let state = AppState {
+        resolver: TokioAsyncResolver::tokio_from_system_conf().expect("failed to get DNS resolver"),
+    };
+
+    // initialize the axum app with all routes
+    let state = Arc::new(state);
+    let app = Router::new()
+        .route("/", get(handle_root))
+        .route("/probe", get(handle_probe))
+        .layer(TraceLayer::new_for_http())
+        .with_state(state);
+
+    // bind the socket address on all interfaces
+    let addr = SocketAddr::from(([0, 0, 0, 0], 10026));
+    info!(addr = addr.to_string(), "binding socket address");
+    let listener = TcpListener::bind(addr).await?;
+    info!(addr = addr.to_string(), "successfully bound server socket");
+
+    // serve the axum service on the bound socket address
+    axum::serve(listener, app)
+        .await
+        .expect("failed to serve axum server");
+    info!("http server stopped successfully");
+
+    // exit with success
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Handles and answers all axum requests on the root path "/".
+///
+/// It statically returns "mcexport" so that it can be used as a startup probe in Kubernetes. That means that this
+/// endpoint can be checked for its response: Once there is a response, this means that mcexport is successfully
+/// initialized and probe requests may be received and handled. It can also be used as a liveness probe to check whether
+/// mcexport is still running as expected. Since mcexport is stateless and has no permanent connections, this endpoint
+/// can accurately reflect the readiness and liveness of mcexport.
+#[instrument]
+async fn handle_root() -> Response {
+    Html("mcexport – <a href=\"/probe\">Probe</a>").into_response()
+}
+
+/// Handles and answers all axum requests on the probing path "/probe".
+///
+/// This endpoint is invoked by Prometheus' probing requests and issues pings to the requested targets. Prometheus will
+/// send [info][ProbeInfo] on the corresponding target, and this endpoint will answer with the status and metrics of
+/// this ping operation. The ping is only started once the request comes in and Prometheus is responsible for scheduling
+/// the requests to this endpoint regularly.
+#[instrument]
+async fn handle_probe(
+    Query(info): Query<ProbeInfo>,
+    State(state): State<Arc<AppState>>,
+) -> Result<PingStatus, MetricError> {
+    // try to resolve the real probe address
+    let resolve_result = info.target.to_socket_addrs(&state.resolver).await?;
+
+    // issue the status request
+    let ping_response = match resolve_result {
+        Srv(addr) => get_server_status(&info, &addr, true).await?,
+        Plain(addr) => get_server_status(&info, &addr, false).await?,
+    };
+
+    Ok(ping_response)
+}
+
+/// Generates a response for the supplied success state and optionally allows adding more metrics.
+///
+/// This initializes the [registry][Registry] for this request and registers the success metric with the supplied state
+/// within it. Then the closure is called to add more dynamic metrics (if desired). Finally, the metrics are encoded
+/// into a buffer and the response is created with the appropriate content type and status code.
+fn generate_metrics_response<F>(success_state: i64, add_metrics: F) -> Response
+where
+    F: FnOnce(&mut Registry),
+{
+    // create a new registry with the appropriate prefix
+    let mut registry = Registry::with_prefix("mcexport");
+
+    // create and register the success metric
+    let success = Family::<(), Gauge>::default();
+    registry.register(
+        "success",
+        "Whether the probe operation was successful",
+        success.clone(),
+    );
+
+    // set the success status of this metric
+    success.get_or_create(&()).set(success_state);
+
+    // add dynamic, desired metrics
+    add_metrics(&mut registry);
+
+    // create a new buffer to store the metrics in
+    let mut buffer = String::new();
+
+    // encode the metrics content into the buffer
+    encode(&mut buffer, &registry).expect("failed to encode metrics into the buffer");
+
+    // return a response of the metrics specification
+    Response::builder()
+        .status(StatusCode::OK)
+        .header(
+            CONTENT_TYPE,
+            "application/openmetrics-text; version=1.0.0; charset=utf-8",
+        )
+        .body(Body::from(buffer))
+        .expect("failed to build success target response")
+}
diff --git a/src/ping.rs b/src/ping.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb4e116
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ping.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+//! This module defines and handles the network communication and data layer of Minecraft communication.
+//!
+//! While the protocol module handles the details of the communication protocol, the ping module handles the network
+//! communication in terms of establishing a TCP connection to the server. This includes the initialization of the data
+//! stream to the target without any specifics of the Minecraft protocol. The ping packet takes the result of the
+//! protocol communication and wraps it into easily usable data structs.
+
+use crate::probe::ProbeInfo;
+use crate::protocol::{execute_ping, retrieve_status, HandshakeInfo, ProtocolError};
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use serde_json::from_str;
+use std::net::SocketAddr;
+use std::time::Duration;
+use thiserror::Error;
+use tokio::net::TcpStream;
+use tracing::info;
+
+/// The (at the time of the last release) most recent, supported protocol version.
+///
+/// As per the [Server List Ping][https://wiki.vg/Server_List_Ping#Handshake] documentation, it is a convention to use
+/// `-1` to determine the version of the server. It would therefore be ideal to use this value. However, it turned out
+/// that very few servers supported this convention, so we just go with the most recent version, which showed better
+/// results in all cases.
+const LATEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION: isize = 768;
+
+/// PingError is the internal error type for all errors related to the network communication.
+///
+/// This includes errors with the IO involved in establishing a TCP connection or transferring bytes from mcexport to
+/// a target server. Additionally, this also covers the errors that occur while parsing and interpreting the results
+/// returned by the corresponding server, that don't have to do with the protocol itself.
+#[derive(Error, Debug)]
+pub enum PingError {
+    /// No connection could be initiated to the target server (it is not reachable).
+    #[error("failed to connect to the server")]
+    CannotReach,
+    /// The supplied JSON responses of the server could not be parsed into valid JSON.
+    #[error("failed to parse illegal JSON response: {0}: \"{1}\"")]
+    InvalidJson(#[source] serde_json::error::Error, String),
+    /// An error occurred while trying to perform the server handshake or ping.
+    #[error("mismatch in communication protocol: {0}")]
+    ProtocolMismatch(#[from] ProtocolError),
+    /// An error occurred while parsing the protocol version (module).
+    #[error("illegal protocol version: {0}")]
+    IllegalProtocol(String),
+}
+
+/// The information on the protocol version of a server.
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ServerVersion {
+    /// The textual protocol version to display this version visually.
+    pub name: String,
+    /// The numeric protocol version (for compatibility checking).
+    pub protocol: i64,
+}
+
+/// The information on a single, sampled player entry.
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ServerPlayer {
+    /// The visual name to display this player.
+    pub name: String,
+    /// The unique identifier to reference this player.
+    pub id: String,
+}
+
+/// The information on the current, maximum and sampled players.
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ServerPlayers {
+    /// The current number of players that are online at this moment.
+    pub online: u32,
+    /// The maximum number of players that can join (slots).
+    pub max: u32,
+    /// An optional list of player information samples (version hover).
+    pub sample: Option<Vec<ServerPlayer>>,
+}
+
+/// The MOTD of a pinged server within the different formats.
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(untagged)]
+pub enum ServerDescription {
+    /// The MOTD was configured/reported with legacy formatting (plain text).
+    Plain(String),
+    /// The MOTD was configured/reported with text components (rich text).
+    Component { text: String },
+}
+
+/// The self-reported status of a pinged server with all public metadata.
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ServerStatus {
+    /// The version and protocol information of the server.
+    pub version: ServerVersion,
+    /// The current, maximum and sampled players of the server.
+    pub players: ServerPlayers,
+    /// The MOTD (Motto Of The Day) of the server.
+    pub description: ServerDescription,
+    /// The optional favicon of the server.
+    pub favicon: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// The full status of the ping operation along with the resolution information and ping duration.
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct PingStatus {
+    /// Whether an SRV record was used to resolve the real address of the server.
+    pub srv: bool,
+    /// The latency to get information from one side to the other (RTT/2).
+    pub ping: Duration,
+    /// The self-reported status of the server.
+    pub status: ServerStatus,
+}
+
+/// Requests the status of the supplied server and records the ping duration.
+///
+/// This opens a new [TCP stream][TcpStream] and performs a [Server List Ping][https://wiki.vg/Server_List_Ping]
+/// exchange, including the general handshake, status request, and ping protocol. If any error with the underlying
+/// connection or the communication protocol is encountered, the request is interrupted immediately. The connection is
+/// closed after the ping interaction. If the async interaction is stopped, the connection will also be terminated
+/// prematurely, accounting for Prometheus' timeouts.
+pub async fn get_server_status(
+    info: &ProbeInfo,
+    addr: &SocketAddr,
+    srv: bool,
+) -> Result<PingStatus, PingError> {
+    // create a new tcp stream to the target
+    let mut stream = TcpStream::connect(addr)
+        .await
+        .map_err(|_| PingError::CannotReach)?;
+
+    // try to use specific, requested version and fall back to "recent"
+    let protocol_version = match &info.module {
+        Some(ver) => ver
+            .parse()
+            .map_err(|_| PingError::IllegalProtocol(ver.clone()))?,
+        None => LATEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
+    };
+
+    // retrieve the server status (general information)
+    let handshake_info = HandshakeInfo::new(
+        protocol_version,
+        info.target.hostname.clone(),
+        info.target.port,
+    );
+    let status_string = retrieve_status(&mut stream, &handshake_info).await?;
+    info!("{}", status_string.clone());
+    let status: ServerStatus =
+        from_str(&status_string).map_err(|err| PingError::InvalidJson(err, status_string))?;
+
+    // perform the server ping to measure duration
+    let ping = execute_ping(&mut stream).await?;
+
+    // wrap everything into a ping response
+    Ok(PingStatus { srv, ping, status })
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::ping::ServerDescription::{Component, Plain};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn deserialize_component_description() {
+        let status: ServerStatus = from_str("{\"version\":{\"protocol\":1337,\"name\":\"version 0\"},\"players\":{\"online\":4,\"max\":6,\"sample\":[{\"name\": \"cool\", \"id\": \"test\"}]},\"description\":{\"text\":\"description text\"},\"favicon\":\"favicon content\"}").expect("could not deserialize server status");
+        let sample = Some(vec![ServerPlayer {
+            name: "cool".to_string(),
+            id: "test".to_string(),
+        }]);
+        let favicon = Some("favicon content".to_string());
+
+        assert_eq!("version 0", status.version.name);
+        assert_eq!(1337, status.version.protocol);
+        assert_eq!(4, status.players.online);
+        assert_eq!(6, status.players.max);
+        assert_eq!(sample, status.players.sample);
+        match status.description {
+            Component { text: des } => assert_eq!("description text", des),
+            _ => {
+                panic!("unexpected description type")
+            }
+        };
+        assert_eq!(favicon, status.favicon);
+        assert_eq!(favicon, status.favicon);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn deserialize_plain_description() {
+        let status: ServerStatus = from_str("{\"version\":{\"protocol\":1338,\"name\":\"version 1\"},\"players\":{\"online\":6,\"max\":8,\"sample\":[{\"name\": \"cooler\", \"id\": \"tests\"}]},\"description\":\"description text 2\",\"favicon\":\"favicon content 2\"}").expect("could not deserialize server status");
+        let sample = Some(vec![ServerPlayer {
+            name: "cooler".to_string(),
+            id: "tests".to_string(),
+        }]);
+        let favicon = Some("favicon content 2".to_string());
+
+        assert_eq!("version 1", status.version.name);
+        assert_eq!(1338, status.version.protocol);
+        assert_eq!(6, status.players.online);
+        assert_eq!(8, status.players.max);
+        assert_eq!(sample, status.players.sample);
+        match status.description {
+            Plain(des) => assert_eq!("description text 2", des),
+            _ => {
+                panic!("unexpected description type")
+            }
+        };
+        assert_eq!(favicon, status.favicon);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/probe.rs b/src/probe.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c53b588
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/probe.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+//! This module defines and handles the Prometheus probe target models and resolution.
+//!
+//! Therefore, this includes the necessary logic to deserialize, validate and convert the supplied information as well
+//! as resolve the real target address. The conversion is based on the defaults of Minecraft, and therefore relevant
+//! default values and SRV records are considered while resolving the dynamic target address. It is the responsibility
+//! of this module to standardize the desired probing that should be performed for a request.
+
+use hickory_resolver::error::ResolveError;
+use hickory_resolver::proto::rr::RecordType::SRV;
+use hickory_resolver::TokioAsyncResolver;
+use serde::de::{Unexpected, Visitor};
+use serde::{de, Deserialize, Deserializer};
+use std::fmt;
+use std::fmt::{Display, Formatter};
+use std::net::SocketAddr;
+use thiserror::Error;
+use tracing::log::debug;
+
+/// ProbeError is the internal error type for all [ProbeInfo] related errors.
+///
+/// This includes errors with the resolution of the [ProbeAddress] or any other errors that may occur while trying to
+/// make sense of the supplied probe target information. Any [ProbeError] results in mcexport not being able to perform
+/// any ping of the desired probe.
+#[derive(Error, Debug)]
+pub enum ProbeError {
+    /// The resolution failed because there was a communication error with the responsible DNS name server.
+    #[error("failed to resolve a DNS record: {0}")]
+    ResolutionFail(#[from] ResolveError),
+    /// The resolution failed because no valid A record was specified for the supplied (or configured) hostname.
+    #[error("could not resolve any \"A\" DNS entries for hostname \"{0}\"")]
+    CouldNotResolveIp(String),
+}
+
+/// ResolutionResult is the outcome of a DNS resolution for a supplied [ProbeAddress].
+///
+/// The result holds the final resolved [SocketAddr] of a supplied target [ProbeAddress]. It is differentiated between a
+/// [plain][Plain] resolution, where no SRV record was found and the supplied hostname was directly resolved to the
+/// final IP-Address and an [SRV][Srv] resolution that was performed on the indirect hostname, resolved through the
+/// corresponding SRV record.
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum ResolutionResult {
+    /// There was an SRV record and the resolved IP address is of the target hostname within this record.
+    Srv(SocketAddr),
+    /// There was no SRV record and the resolved IP address is of the original hostname.
+    Plain(SocketAddr),
+}
+
+/// ProbeInfo is the information supplied by Prometheus for each probe request.
+///
+/// This information is supplied for each probe request and needs to be used to ping the right target. We cannot handle
+/// requests that come without this query information. While the target address is mandatory, the module is completely
+/// optional and not required for the correct operation of mcexport.
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ProbeInfo {
+    /// The target that mcexport should ping for the corresponding probe request.
+    pub target: ProbeAddress,
+    /// The module that mcexport should use to ping for the corresponding probe request.
+    pub module: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// ProbeAddress is the combination of a hostname or textual IP address with a port.
+///
+/// This address should be used to issue a probing ping. The information comes from the request of Prometheus and needs
+/// to be validated and parsed before it can be used. To get the real target address, the hostname needs to be resolved
+/// and the corresponding SRV records need to be considered.
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ProbeAddress {
+    /// The hostname that should be resolved to the IP address (optionally considering SRV records).
+    pub hostname: String,
+    /// The post that should be used to ping the Minecraft server (ignored if SRV exists).
+    pub port: u16,
+}
+
+impl Display for ProbeInfo {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match &self.module {
+            Some(module) => write!(f, "{} ({})", self.target, module),
+            _ => write!(f, "{}", self.target),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ProbeAddress {
+    /// Converts this hostname and port to the resolved [socket address][SocketAddr].
+    ///
+    /// The [hostname][ProbeAddress::hostname] of this address is resolved through DNS and is used as the IP address
+    /// of the resulting socket address. To do this, we also check the SRV record for minecraft (`_minecraft._tcp`) and
+    /// prefer to use this information. If any SRV record was found, the second return of this function will be true.
+    pub async fn to_socket_addrs(
+        &self,
+        resolver: &TokioAsyncResolver,
+    ) -> Result<ResolutionResult, ProbeError> {
+        // assemble the SRV record name
+        let srv_name = format!("_minecraft._tcp.{}", self.hostname);
+        debug!("trying to resolve SRV record: '{}'", srv_name);
+        let srv_response = resolver.lookup(&srv_name, SRV).await;
+
+        // check if any SRV record was present (use this data then)
+        let (hostname, port, srv_used) = match srv_response {
+            Ok(response) => {
+                if let Some(record) = response.iter().filter_map(|r| r.as_srv()).next() {
+                    let target = record.target().to_utf8();
+                    let target_port = record.port();
+                    debug!(
+                        "found an SRV record for '{}': {}:{}",
+                        srv_name, target, target_port
+                    );
+                    (target, target_port, true)
+                } else {
+                    debug!(
+                        "found an SRV record for '{}', but it was of an invalid type",
+                        srv_name
+                    );
+                    (self.hostname.clone(), self.port, false)
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {
+                debug!("found no SRV record for '{}'", srv_name);
+                (self.hostname.clone(), self.port, false)
+            }
+        };
+
+        // resolve the underlying ips for the hostname
+        let ip_response = resolver.lookup_ip(&hostname).await?;
+        for ip in ip_response {
+            debug!("resolved ip address {} for hostname {}", ip, &hostname);
+            if ip.is_ipv4() {
+                return match srv_used {
+                    true => Ok(ResolutionResult::Srv(SocketAddr::new(ip, port))),
+                    false => Ok(ResolutionResult::Plain(SocketAddr::new(ip, port))),
+                };
+            }
+        }
+
+        // no IPv4 could be found, return an error
+        Err(ProbeError::CouldNotResolveIp(hostname))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for ProbeAddress {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}:{}", self.hostname, self.port)
+    }
+}
+
+/// The visitor for the deserialization of [ProbeAddress].
+///
+/// This visitor is responsible for the deserialization and validation of a [ProbeAddress] and returns the appropriate
+/// expectations of the format. The address is expected in the format of `hostname:port` and the port is optional,
+/// falling back to the default port.
+struct ProbeAddressVisitor;
+
+impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for ProbeAddressVisitor {
+    type Value = ProbeAddress;
+
+    fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter.write_str("a string in the form 'hostname' or 'hostname:port'")
+    }
+
+    fn visit_str<E>(self, value: &str) -> Result<Self::Value, E>
+    where
+        E: de::Error,
+    {
+        // split the supplied hostname and port into their own parts
+        let mut parts = value.splitn(2, ':');
+
+        // get the hostname and port part in their raw form
+        let hostname = parts
+            .next()
+            .expect("splitting a string should result in at least one element");
+        let port_str = parts.next().unwrap_or("25565");
+
+        // parse the port into the expected form
+        let port: u16 = port_str.parse().map_err(|_| {
+            de::Error::invalid_value(Unexpected::Str(port_str), &"a valid port number")
+        })?;
+
+        // check if the hostname is present
+        if hostname.is_empty() {
+            Err(de::Error::invalid_value(
+                Unexpected::Str(hostname),
+                &"a non-empty hostname",
+            ))?
+        }
+
+        // check if the port is valid
+        if port == 0 {
+            Err(de::Error::invalid_value(
+                Unexpected::Unsigned(port.into()),
+                &"a positive port number",
+            ))?
+        }
+
+        // wrap the parsed parts into our ProbeAddress
+        Ok(ProbeAddress {
+            hostname: hostname.to_string(),
+            port,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for ProbeAddress {
+    fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
+    where
+        D: Deserializer<'de>,
+    {
+        deserializer.deserialize_str(ProbeAddressVisitor)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use serde_test::{assert_de_tokens, assert_de_tokens_error, Token};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn deserialize_without_port() {
+        let address = ProbeAddress {
+            hostname: "mc.justchunks.net".to_string(),
+            port: 25565,
+        };
+
+        assert_de_tokens(&address, &[Token::Str("mc.justchunks.net")])
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn deserialize_without_port_ip() {
+        let address = ProbeAddress {
+            hostname: "123.123.123.123".to_string(),
+            port: 25565,
+        };
+
+        assert_de_tokens(&address, &[Token::Str("123.123.123.123")])
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn deserialize_with_port() {
+        let address = ProbeAddress {
+            hostname: "mc.justchunks.net".to_string(),
+            port: 25566,
+        };
+
+        assert_de_tokens(&address, &[Token::Str("mc.justchunks.net:25566")])
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn deserialize_with_port_ip() {
+        let address = ProbeAddress {
+            hostname: "123.123.123.123".to_string(),
+            port: 25566,
+        };
+
+        assert_de_tokens(&address, &[Token::Str("123.123.123.123:25566")])
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fail_deserialize_with_extra_colons() {
+        assert_de_tokens_error::<ProbeAddress>(
+            &[Token::Str("mc.justchunks.net:test:25566")],
+            "invalid value: string \"test:25566\", expected a valid port number",
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fail_deserialize_with_port_negative() {
+        assert_de_tokens_error::<ProbeAddress>(
+            &[Token::Str("mc.justchunks.net:-5")],
+            "invalid value: string \"-5\", expected a valid port number",
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fail_deserialize_with_port_too_low() {
+        assert_de_tokens_error::<ProbeAddress>(
+            &[Token::Str("mc.justchunks.net:0")],
+            "invalid value: integer `0`, expected a positive port number",
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fail_deserialize_with_port_too_high() {
+        assert_de_tokens_error::<ProbeAddress>(
+            &[Token::Str("mc.justchunks.net:100000")],
+            "invalid value: string \"100000\", expected a valid port number",
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fail_deserialize_with_port_non_numeric() {
+        assert_de_tokens_error::<ProbeAddress>(
+            &[Token::Str("mc.justchunks.net:text")],
+            "invalid value: string \"text\", expected a valid port number",
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fail_deserialize_with_empty() {
+        assert_de_tokens_error::<ProbeAddress>(
+            &[Token::Str("")],
+            "invalid value: string \"\", expected a non-empty hostname",
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn fail_deserialize_with_empty_hostname() {
+        assert_de_tokens_error::<ProbeAddress>(
+            &[Token::Str(":25566")],
+            "invalid value: string \"\", expected a non-empty hostname",
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn resolve_real_address_with_srv() {
+        let resolver = TokioAsyncResolver::tokio_from_system_conf().unwrap();
+        let probe_address = ProbeAddress {
+            hostname: "justchunks.net".to_string(),
+            port: 1337,
+        };
+        let resolution_result = probe_address.to_socket_addrs(&resolver).await.unwrap();
+        let expected_address = SocketAddr::from(([142, 132, 245, 251], 25565));
+
+        assert_eq!(resolution_result, ResolutionResult::Srv(expected_address));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn resolve_real_address_without_srv() {
+        let resolver = TokioAsyncResolver::tokio_from_system_conf().unwrap();
+        let probe_address = ProbeAddress {
+            hostname: "mc.justchunks.net".to_string(),
+            port: 25566,
+        };
+        let resolution_result = probe_address.to_socket_addrs(&resolver).await.unwrap();
+        let expected_address = SocketAddr::from(([142, 132, 245, 251], 25566));
+
+        assert_eq!(resolution_result, ResolutionResult::Plain(expected_address));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn resolve_real_ip_address() {
+        let resolver = TokioAsyncResolver::tokio_from_system_conf().unwrap();
+        let probe_address = ProbeAddress {
+            hostname: "142.132.245.251".to_string(),
+            port: 25566,
+        };
+        let resolution_result = probe_address.to_socket_addrs(&resolver).await.unwrap();
+        let expected_address = SocketAddr::from(([142, 132, 245, 251], 25566));
+
+        assert_eq!(resolution_result, ResolutionResult::Plain(expected_address));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    #[should_panic]
+    async fn fail_resolve_illegal_address() {
+        let resolver = TokioAsyncResolver::tokio_from_system_conf().unwrap();
+        let probe_address = ProbeAddress {
+            hostname: "illegal_address".to_string(),
+            port: 25566,
+        };
+        probe_address.to_socket_addrs(&resolver).await.unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    #[should_panic]
+    async fn fail_resolve_illegal_ip_address() {
+        let resolver = TokioAsyncResolver::tokio_from_system_conf().unwrap();
+        let probe_address = ProbeAddress {
+            hostname: "500.132.245.251".to_string(),
+            port: 25566,
+        };
+        probe_address.to_socket_addrs(&resolver).await.unwrap();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/protocol.rs b/src/protocol.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..480ca7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/protocol.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,449 @@
+//! This module defines and handles the Minecraft protocol and communication.
+//!
+//! This is necessary to exchange data with the target servers that should be probed. We only care about the packets
+//! related to the [ServerListPing](https://wiki.vg/Server_List_Ping) and therefore only implement that part of the
+//! Minecraft protocol. The implementations may differ from the official Minecraft client implementation if the
+//! observed outcome is the same and the result is reliable.
+
+use std::io::Cursor;
+use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
+
+use thiserror::Error;
+use tokio::io::{AsyncRead, AsyncReadExt, AsyncWrite, AsyncWriteExt};
+use tokio::net::TcpStream;
+use tokio::time::Instant;
+
+/// ProtocolError is the internal error type for all errors related to the protocol communication
+///
+/// This includes errors with the expected packets, packet contents or encoding of the exchanged fields. Errors of the
+/// underlying data layer (for Byte exchange) are wrapped from the underlying IO errors. Additionally, the internal
+/// timeout limits also are covered as errors.
+#[derive(Error, Debug)]
+pub enum ProtocolError {
+    /// An error occurred while reading or writing to the underlying byte stream.
+    #[error("error reading or writing data")]
+    Io(#[from] std::io::Error),
+    /// The received packet is of an invalid length that we cannot process.
+    #[error("illegal packet length")]
+    IllegalPacketLength,
+    /// The received VarInt cannot be correctly decoded (was formed incorrectly).
+    #[error("invalid VarInt data")]
+    InvalidVarInt,
+    /// The received packet ID is not mapped to an expected packet.
+    #[error("illegal packet ID: {actual} (expected {expected})")]
+    IllegalPacketId { expected: usize, actual: usize },
+    /// The JSON response of the status packet is incorrectly encoded (not UTF-8).
+    #[error("invalid ServerListPing response body (invalid encoding)")]
+    InvalidEncoding,
+    /// An error occurred with the payload of a ping.
+    #[error("mismatched payload value: {actual} (expected {expected})")]
+    PayloadMismatch { expected: u64, actual: u64 },
+}
+
+/// State is the desired state that the connection should be in after the initial handshake.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum State {
+    Status,
+    Login,
+}
+
+impl From<State> for usize {
+    fn from(state: State) -> Self {
+        match state {
+            State::Status => 1,
+            State::Login => 2,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// OutboundPacket are packets that are written and therefore have a fixed, specific packet ID.
+pub trait OutboundPacket {
+    /// Returns the specified
+    fn get_packet_id(&self) -> usize;
+
+    async fn to_buffer(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, ProtocolError>;
+}
+
+/// InboundPacket are packets that are read and therefore are expected to be of a specific packet ID.
+pub trait InboundPacket: Sized {
+    fn get_packet_id() -> usize;
+
+    async fn new_from_buffer(buffer: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self, ProtocolError>;
+}
+
+/// This packet initiates the status request attempt and tells the server the details of the client.
+///
+/// The data in this packet can differ from the actual data that was used but will be considered by the server when
+/// assembling the response. Therefore, this data should mirror what a normal client would send.
+pub struct HandshakePacket {
+    pub packet_id: usize,
+    pub protocol_version: isize,
+    pub server_address: String,
+    pub server_port: u16,
+    pub next_state: State,
+}
+
+impl HandshakePacket {
+    pub fn new(protocol_version: isize, server_address: String, server_port: u16) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            packet_id: 0,
+            protocol_version,
+            server_address,
+            server_port,
+            next_state: State::Status,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl OutboundPacket for HandshakePacket {
+    fn get_packet_id(&self) -> usize {
+        self.packet_id
+    }
+
+    async fn to_buffer(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, ProtocolError> {
+        let mut buffer = Cursor::new(Vec::<u8>::new());
+
+        buffer.write_varint(self.protocol_version as usize).await?;
+        buffer.write_string(&self.server_address).await?;
+        buffer.write_u16(self.server_port).await?;
+        buffer.write_varint(self.next_state.into()).await?;
+
+        Ok(buffer.into_inner())
+    }
+}
+
+/// This packet will be sent after the [HandshakePacket] and requests the server metadata.
+///
+/// The packet can only be sent after the [HandshakePacket] and must be written before any status information can be
+/// read, as this is the differentiator between the status and the ping sequence.
+pub struct RequestPacket {
+    pub packet_id: usize,
+}
+
+impl RequestPacket {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self { packet_id: 0 }
+    }
+}
+
+impl OutboundPacket for RequestPacket {
+    fn get_packet_id(&self) -> usize {
+        0
+    }
+
+    async fn to_buffer(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, ProtocolError> {
+        Ok(Vec::new())
+    }
+}
+
+/// This is the response for a specific [StatusRequestPacket] that contains all self-reported metadata.
+///
+/// This packet can be received only after a [StatusRequestPacket] and will not close the connection, allowing for a
+/// ping sequence to be exchanged afterward.
+pub struct ResponsePacket {
+    pub packet_id: usize,
+    pub body: String,
+}
+
+impl InboundPacket for ResponsePacket {
+    fn get_packet_id() -> usize {
+        0
+    }
+
+    async fn new_from_buffer(buffer: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self, ProtocolError> {
+        let mut reader = Cursor::new(buffer);
+
+        let body = reader.read_string().await?;
+
+        Ok(ResponsePacket { packet_id: 0, body })
+    }
+}
+
+/// This is the request for a specific [PongPacket] that can be used to measure the server ping.
+///
+/// This packet can be sent after a connection was established or the [StatusResponsePacket] was received. Initiating
+/// the ping sequence will consume the connection after the [PongPacket] was received.
+pub struct PingPacket {
+    pub packet_id: usize,
+    pub payload: u64,
+}
+
+impl PingPacket {
+    pub fn new(payload: u64) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            packet_id: 1,
+            payload,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl OutboundPacket for PingPacket {
+    fn get_packet_id(&self) -> usize {
+        self.packet_id
+    }
+
+    async fn to_buffer(&self) -> Result<Vec<u8>, ProtocolError> {
+        let mut buffer = Cursor::new(Vec::<u8>::new());
+
+        buffer.write_u64(self.payload).await?;
+
+        Ok(buffer.into_inner())
+    }
+}
+
+/// This is the response to a specific [PingPacket] that can be used to measure the server ping.
+///
+/// This packet can be received after a corresponding [PingPacket] and will have the same payload as the request. This
+/// also consumes the connection, ending the Server List Ping sequence.
+pub struct PongPacket {
+    pub packet_id: usize,
+    pub payload: u64,
+}
+
+impl InboundPacket for PongPacket {
+    fn get_packet_id() -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    async fn new_from_buffer(buffer: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self, ProtocolError> {
+        let mut reader = Cursor::new(buffer);
+
+        let payload = reader.read_u64().await?;
+
+        Ok(PongPacket {
+            packet_id: 0,
+            payload,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+/// AsyncReadPacket allows reading a specific [InboundPacket] from an [AsyncWrite].
+///
+/// Only [InboundPackets][InboundPacket] can be read as only those packets are received. There are additional
+/// methods to read the data that is encoded in a Minecraft-specific manner. Their implementation is analogous to the
+/// [write implementation][AsyncWritePacket].
+pub trait AsyncReadPacket {
+    /// Reads the supplied [InboundPacket] type from this object as described in the official
+    /// [protocol documentation](https://wiki.vg/Protocol#Packet_format).
+    async fn read_packet<T: InboundPacket + Send + Sync>(&mut self) -> Result<T, ProtocolError>;
+
+    /// Reads a VarInt from this object as described in the official
+    /// [protocol documentation](https://wiki.vg/Protocol#VarInt_and_VarLong).
+    async fn read_varint(&mut self) -> Result<usize, ProtocolError>;
+
+    /// Reads a String from this object as described in the official
+    /// [protocol documentation](https://wiki.vg/Protocol#Type:String).
+    async fn read_string(&mut self) -> Result<String, ProtocolError>;
+}
+
+impl<R: AsyncRead + Unpin + Send + Sync> AsyncReadPacket for R {
+    async fn read_packet<T: InboundPacket + Send + Sync>(&mut self) -> Result<T, ProtocolError> {
+        // extract the length of the packet and check for any following content
+        let length = self.read_varint().await?;
+        if length == 0 {
+            return Err(ProtocolError::IllegalPacketLength);
+        }
+
+        // extract the encoded packet id and validate if it is expected
+        let packet_id = self.read_varint().await?;
+        let expected_packet_id = T::get_packet_id();
+        if packet_id != expected_packet_id {
+            return Err(ProtocolError::IllegalPacketId {
+                expected: expected_packet_id,
+                actual: packet_id,
+            });
+        }
+
+        // read the remaining content of the packet into a new buffer
+        let mut buffer = vec![0; length - 1];
+        self.read_exact(&mut buffer).await?;
+
+        // convert the received buffer into our expected packet
+        T::new_from_buffer(buffer).await
+    }
+
+    async fn read_varint(&mut self) -> Result<usize, ProtocolError> {
+        let mut read = 0;
+        let mut result = 0;
+        loop {
+            let read_value = self.read_u8().await?;
+            let value = read_value & 0b0111_1111;
+            result |= (value as usize) << (7 * read);
+            read += 1;
+            if read > 5 {
+                return Err(ProtocolError::InvalidVarInt);
+            }
+            if (read_value & 0b1000_0000) == 0 {
+                return Ok(result);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn read_string(&mut self) -> Result<String, ProtocolError> {
+        let length = self.read_varint().await?;
+
+        let mut buffer = vec![0; length];
+        self.read_exact(&mut buffer).await?;
+
+        String::from_utf8(buffer).map_err(|_| ProtocolError::InvalidEncoding)
+    }
+}
+
+/// AsyncWritePacket allows writing a specific [OutboundPacket] to an [AsyncWrite].
+///
+/// Only [OutboundPackets][OutboundPacket] can be written as only those packets are sent. There are additional
+/// methods to write the data that is encoded in a Minecraft-specific manner. Their implementation is analogous to the
+/// [read implementation][AsyncReadPacket].
+pub trait AsyncWritePacket {
+    /// Writes the supplied [OutboundPacket] onto this object as described in the official
+    /// [protocol documentation](https://wiki.vg/Protocol#Packet_format).
+    async fn write_packet<T: OutboundPacket + Send + Sync>(
+        &mut self,
+        packet: T,
+    ) -> Result<(), ProtocolError>;
+
+    /// Writes a VarInt onto this object as described in the official
+    /// [protocol documentation](https://wiki.vg/Protocol#VarInt_and_VarLong).
+    async fn write_varint(&mut self, int: usize) -> Result<(), ProtocolError>;
+
+    /// Writes a String onto this object as described in the official
+    /// [protocol documentation](https://wiki.vg/Protocol#Type:String).
+    async fn write_string(&mut self, string: &str) -> Result<(), ProtocolError>;
+}
+
+impl<W: AsyncWrite + Unpin + Send + Sync> AsyncWritePacket for W {
+    async fn write_packet<T: OutboundPacket + Send + Sync>(
+        &mut self,
+        packet: T,
+    ) -> Result<(), ProtocolError> {
+        // write the packet into a buffer and box it as a slice (sized)
+        let packet_buffer = packet.to_buffer().await?;
+        let raw_packet = packet_buffer.into_boxed_slice();
+
+        // create a new buffer and write the packet onto it (to get the size)
+        let mut buffer: Cursor<Vec<u8>> = Cursor::new(Vec::new());
+        buffer.write_varint(packet.get_packet_id()).await?;
+        buffer.write_all(&raw_packet).await?;
+
+        // write the length of the content (length frame encoder) and then the packet
+        let inner = buffer.into_inner();
+        self.write_varint(inner.len()).await?;
+        self.write_all(&inner).await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn write_varint(&mut self, int: usize) -> Result<(), ProtocolError> {
+        let mut int = (int as u64) & 0xFFFF_FFFF;
+        let mut written = 0;
+        let mut buffer = [0; 5];
+        loop {
+            let temp = (int & 0b0111_1111) as u8;
+            int >>= 7;
+            if int != 0 {
+                buffer[written] = temp | 0b1000_0000;
+            } else {
+                buffer[written] = temp;
+            }
+            written += 1;
+            if int == 0 {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        self.write_all(&buffer[0..written]).await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn write_string(&mut self, string: &str) -> Result<(), ProtocolError> {
+        self.write_varint(string.len()).await?;
+        self.write_all(string.as_bytes()).await?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// The necessary information that will be reported to the server on a handshake of the Server List Ping protocol.
+pub struct HandshakeInfo {
+    /// The intended protocol version.
+    pub protocol_version: isize,
+    /// The hostname to connect.
+    pub hostname: String,
+    /// The server port to connect.
+    pub server_port: u16,
+}
+
+impl HandshakeInfo {
+    pub fn new(protocol_version: isize, server_address: String, server_port: u16) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            protocol_version,
+            hostname: server_address,
+            server_port,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Performs the status protocol exchange and returns the self-reported server status.
+///
+/// This sends the [Handshake][HandshakePacket] and the [StatusRequest][StatusRequestPacket] packet and awaits the
+/// [StatusResponse][StatusResponsePacket] from the server. This response is in JSON and will not be interpreted by this
+/// function. The connection is not consumed by this operation, and the protocol allows for pings to be exchanged after
+/// the status has been returned.
+pub async fn retrieve_status(
+    stream: &mut TcpStream,
+    info: &HandshakeInfo,
+) -> Result<String, ProtocolError> {
+    // create a new handshake packet and send it
+    let handshake = HandshakePacket::new(
+        info.protocol_version,
+        info.hostname.clone(),
+        info.server_port,
+    );
+    stream.write_packet(handshake).await?;
+
+    // create a new status request packet and send it
+    let request = RequestPacket::new();
+    stream.write_packet(request).await?;
+
+    // await the response for the status request and read it
+    let response: ResponsePacket = stream.read_packet().await?;
+
+    Ok(response.body)
+}
+
+/// Performs the ping protocol exchange and records the duration it took.
+///
+/// This sends the [Ping][PingPacket] and awaits the response of the [Pong][PongPacket], while recording the time it
+/// takes to get a response. From this recorded RTT (Round-Trip-Time) the latency is calculated by dividing this value
+/// by two. This is the most accurate way to measure the ping we can use.
+pub async fn execute_ping(stream: &mut TcpStream) -> Result<Duration, ProtocolError> {
+    // create a new value for the payload (to distinguish it)
+    let payload = SystemTime::now()
+        .duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH)
+        .expect("Time since epoch could not be retrieved")
+        .as_secs();
+
+    // record the current time to get the round trip time
+    let start = Instant::now();
+
+    // create and send a new ping packet
+    let ping = PingPacket::new(payload);
+    stream.write_packet(ping).await?;
+
+    // await the retrieval of the corresponding pong packet
+    let pong: PongPacket = stream.read_packet().await?;
+
+    // take the time for the response and divide it to get the latency
+    let mut duration = start.elapsed();
+    duration = duration.div_f32(2.0);
+
+    // if the pong packet did not match, something unexpected happened with the server
+    if pong.payload != payload {
+        return Err(ProtocolError::PayloadMismatch {
+            expected: payload,
+            actual: pong.payload,
+        });
+    }
+
+    Ok(duration)
+}