diff --git a/Documentation/networking/nf_conntrack-sysctl.rst b/Documentation/networking/nf_conntrack-sysctl.rst
index c383a394c6656..238b66d0e0594 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/nf_conntrack-sysctl.rst
+++ b/Documentation/networking/nf_conntrack-sysctl.rst
@@ -222,11 +222,11 @@ nf_flowtable_tcp_timeout - INTEGER (seconds)
 
         Control offload timeout for tcp connections.
         TCP connections may be offloaded from nf conntrack to nf flow table.
-        Once aged, the connection is returned to nf conntrack with tcp pickup timeout.
+        Once aged, the connection is returned to nf conntrack.
 
 nf_flowtable_udp_timeout - INTEGER (seconds)
         default 30
 
         Control offload timeout for udp connections.
         UDP connections may be offloaded from nf conntrack to nf flow table.
-        Once aged, the connection is returned to nf conntrack with udp pickup timeout.
+        Once aged, the connection is returned to nf conntrack.
diff --git a/include/net/netfilter/nf_tables.h b/include/net/netfilter/nf_tables.h
index 3f1ed467f951f..2796153b03dad 100644
--- a/include/net/netfilter/nf_tables.h
+++ b/include/net/netfilter/nf_tables.h
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ struct nft_expr_info;
 
 int nft_expr_inner_parse(const struct nft_ctx *ctx, const struct nlattr *nla,
 			 struct nft_expr_info *info);
-int nft_expr_clone(struct nft_expr *dst, struct nft_expr *src);
+int nft_expr_clone(struct nft_expr *dst, struct nft_expr *src, gfp_t gfp);
 void nft_expr_destroy(const struct nft_ctx *ctx, struct nft_expr *expr);
 int nft_expr_dump(struct sk_buff *skb, unsigned int attr,
 		  const struct nft_expr *expr, bool reset);
@@ -935,7 +935,7 @@ struct nft_expr_ops {
 						struct nft_regs *regs,
 						const struct nft_pktinfo *pkt);
 	int				(*clone)(struct nft_expr *dst,
-						 const struct nft_expr *src);
+						 const struct nft_expr *src, gfp_t gfp);
 	unsigned int			size;
 
 	int				(*init)(const struct nft_ctx *ctx,
diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/icmpv6.h b/include/uapi/linux/icmpv6.h
index ecaece3af38df..4eaab89e2856d 100644
--- a/include/uapi/linux/icmpv6.h
+++ b/include/uapi/linux/icmpv6.h
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ struct icmp6hdr {
 #define ICMPV6_MOBILE_PREFIX_ADV	147
 
 #define ICMPV6_MRDISC_ADV		151
+#define ICMPV6_MRDISC_SOL		152
 
 #define ICMPV6_MSG_MAX          255
 
diff --git a/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_filter.c b/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_filter.c
index b9062f4552ace..3ab908b747951 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_filter.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_filter.c
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ static int iptable_filter_table_init(struct net *net)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	/* Entry 1 is the FORWARD hook */
 	((struct ipt_standard *)repl->entries)[1].target.verdict =
-		forward ? -NF_ACCEPT - 1 : -NF_DROP - 1;
+		forward ? -NF_ACCEPT - 1 : NF_DROP - 1;
 
 	err = ipt_register_table(net, &packet_filter, repl, filter_ops);
 	kfree(repl);
diff --git a/net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6table_filter.c b/net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6table_filter.c
index df785ebda0ca4..e8992693e14a0 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6table_filter.c
+++ b/net/ipv6/netfilter/ip6table_filter.c
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ static int ip6table_filter_table_init(struct net *net)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	/* Entry 1 is the FORWARD hook */
 	((struct ip6t_standard *)repl->entries)[1].target.verdict =
-		forward ? -NF_ACCEPT - 1 : -NF_DROP - 1;
+		forward ? -NF_ACCEPT - 1 : NF_DROP - 1;
 
 	err = ip6t_register_table(net, &packet_filter, repl, filter_ops);
 	kfree(repl);
diff --git a/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c b/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c
index c63868666bd9e..7ac20750c127b 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c
@@ -1440,8 +1440,6 @@ static bool gc_worker_can_early_drop(const struct nf_conn *ct)
 	const struct nf_conntrack_l4proto *l4proto;
 	u8 protonum = nf_ct_protonum(ct);
 
-	if (test_bit(IPS_OFFLOAD_BIT, &ct->status) && protonum != IPPROTO_UDP)
-		return false;
 	if (!test_bit(IPS_ASSURED_BIT, &ct->status))
 		return true;
 
@@ -2024,7 +2022,7 @@ nf_conntrack_in(struct sk_buff *skb, const struct nf_hook_state *state)
 			goto repeat;
 
 		NF_CT_STAT_INC_ATOMIC(state->net, invalid);
-		if (ret == -NF_DROP)
+		if (ret == NF_DROP)
 			NF_CT_STAT_INC_ATOMIC(state->net, drop);
 
 		ret = -ret;
diff --git a/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_proto_dccp.c b/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_proto_dccp.c
index e2db1f4ec2df9..ebc4f733bb2e6 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_proto_dccp.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_proto_dccp.c
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ int nf_conntrack_dccp_packet(struct nf_conn *ct, struct sk_buff *skb,
 
 	dh = skb_header_pointer(skb, dataoff, sizeof(*dh), &_dh.dh);
 	if (!dh)
-		return NF_DROP;
+		return -NF_ACCEPT;
 
 	if (dccp_error(dh, skb, dataoff, state))
 		return -NF_ACCEPT;
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ int nf_conntrack_dccp_packet(struct nf_conn *ct, struct sk_buff *skb,
 	/* pull again, including possible 48 bit sequences and subtype header */
 	dh = dccp_header_pointer(skb, dataoff, dh, &_dh);
 	if (!dh)
-		return NF_DROP;
+		return -NF_ACCEPT;
 
 	type = dh->dccph_type;
 	if (!nf_ct_is_confirmed(ct) && !dccp_new(ct, skb, dh, state))
diff --git a/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_proto_icmpv6.c b/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_proto_icmpv6.c
index 1020d67600a95..327b8059025da 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_proto_icmpv6.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_proto_icmpv6.c
@@ -62,7 +62,9 @@ static const u_int8_t noct_valid_new[] = {
 	[NDISC_ROUTER_ADVERTISEMENT - 130] = 1,
 	[NDISC_NEIGHBOUR_SOLICITATION - 130] = 1,
 	[NDISC_NEIGHBOUR_ADVERTISEMENT - 130] = 1,
-	[ICMPV6_MLD2_REPORT - 130] = 1
+	[ICMPV6_MLD2_REPORT - 130] = 1,
+	[ICMPV6_MRDISC_ADV - 130] = 1,
+	[ICMPV6_MRDISC_SOL - 130] = 1
 };
 
 bool nf_conntrack_invert_icmpv6_tuple(struct nf_conntrack_tuple *tuple,
diff --git a/net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c b/net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c
index 167074283ea91..be3b4c90d2eda 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/nf_tables_api.c
@@ -3333,7 +3333,7 @@ static struct nft_expr *nft_expr_init(const struct nft_ctx *ctx,
 	return ERR_PTR(err);
 }
 
-int nft_expr_clone(struct nft_expr *dst, struct nft_expr *src)
+int nft_expr_clone(struct nft_expr *dst, struct nft_expr *src, gfp_t gfp)
 {
 	int err;
 
@@ -3341,7 +3341,7 @@ int nft_expr_clone(struct nft_expr *dst, struct nft_expr *src)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
 	dst->ops = src->ops;
-	err = src->ops->clone(dst, src);
+	err = src->ops->clone(dst, src, gfp);
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
 
@@ -6525,7 +6525,7 @@ int nft_set_elem_expr_clone(const struct nft_ctx *ctx, struct nft_set *set,
 		if (!expr)
 			goto err_expr;
 
-		err = nft_expr_clone(expr, set->exprs[i]);
+		err = nft_expr_clone(expr, set->exprs[i], GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 		if (err < 0) {
 			kfree(expr);
 			goto err_expr;
@@ -6564,7 +6564,7 @@ static int nft_set_elem_expr_setup(struct nft_ctx *ctx,
 
 	for (i = 0; i < num_exprs; i++) {
 		expr = nft_setelem_expr_at(elem_expr, elem_expr->size);
-		err = nft_expr_clone(expr, expr_array[i]);
+		err = nft_expr_clone(expr, expr_array[i], GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
 		if (err < 0)
 			goto err_elem_expr_setup;
 
@@ -7776,6 +7776,9 @@ static int nf_tables_newobj(struct sk_buff *skb, const struct nfnl_info *info,
 		if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!type))
 			return -ENOENT;
 
+		if (!obj->ops->update)
+			return 0;
+
 		nft_ctx_init(&ctx, net, skb, info->nlh, family, table, NULL, nla);
 
 		return nf_tables_updobj(&ctx, type, nla[NFTA_OBJ_DATA], obj);
@@ -9467,9 +9470,10 @@ static void nft_obj_commit_update(struct nft_trans *trans)
 	obj = nft_trans_obj(trans);
 	newobj = nft_trans_obj_newobj(trans);
 
-	if (obj->ops->update)
-		obj->ops->update(obj, newobj);
+	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!obj->ops->update))
+		return;
 
+	obj->ops->update(obj, newobj);
 	nft_obj_destroy(&trans->ctx, newobj);
 }
 
diff --git a/net/netfilter/nft_chain_filter.c b/net/netfilter/nft_chain_filter.c
index d170758a1eb5d..7010541fcca66 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nft_chain_filter.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/nft_chain_filter.c
@@ -325,9 +325,6 @@ static void nft_netdev_event(unsigned long event, struct net_device *dev,
 	struct nft_hook *hook, *found = NULL;
 	int n = 0;
 
-	if (event != NETDEV_UNREGISTER)
-		return;
-
 	list_for_each_entry(hook, &basechain->hook_list, list) {
 		if (hook->ops.dev == dev)
 			found = hook;
@@ -367,8 +364,7 @@ static int nf_tables_netdev_event(struct notifier_block *this,
 		.net	= dev_net(dev),
 	};
 
-	if (event != NETDEV_UNREGISTER &&
-	    event != NETDEV_CHANGENAME)
+	if (event != NETDEV_UNREGISTER)
 		return NOTIFY_DONE;
 
 	nft_net = nft_pernet(ctx.net);
diff --git a/net/netfilter/nft_connlimit.c b/net/netfilter/nft_connlimit.c
index de9d1980df696..92b984fa8175c 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nft_connlimit.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/nft_connlimit.c
@@ -210,12 +210,12 @@ static void nft_connlimit_destroy(const struct nft_ctx *ctx,
 	nft_connlimit_do_destroy(ctx, priv);
 }
 
-static int nft_connlimit_clone(struct nft_expr *dst, const struct nft_expr *src)
+static int nft_connlimit_clone(struct nft_expr *dst, const struct nft_expr *src, gfp_t gfp)
 {
 	struct nft_connlimit *priv_dst = nft_expr_priv(dst);
 	struct nft_connlimit *priv_src = nft_expr_priv(src);
 
-	priv_dst->list = kmalloc(sizeof(*priv_dst->list), GFP_ATOMIC);
+	priv_dst->list = kmalloc(sizeof(*priv_dst->list), gfp);
 	if (!priv_dst->list)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
diff --git a/net/netfilter/nft_counter.c b/net/netfilter/nft_counter.c
index dccc68a5135ad..291ed2026367e 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nft_counter.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/nft_counter.c
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ static void nft_counter_destroy(const struct nft_ctx *ctx,
 	nft_counter_do_destroy(priv);
 }
 
-static int nft_counter_clone(struct nft_expr *dst, const struct nft_expr *src)
+static int nft_counter_clone(struct nft_expr *dst, const struct nft_expr *src, gfp_t gfp)
 {
 	struct nft_counter_percpu_priv *priv = nft_expr_priv(src);
 	struct nft_counter_percpu_priv *priv_clone = nft_expr_priv(dst);
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ static int nft_counter_clone(struct nft_expr *dst, const struct nft_expr *src)
 
 	nft_counter_fetch(priv, &total);
 
-	cpu_stats = alloc_percpu_gfp(struct nft_counter, GFP_ATOMIC);
+	cpu_stats = alloc_percpu_gfp(struct nft_counter, gfp);
 	if (cpu_stats == NULL)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
diff --git a/net/netfilter/nft_dynset.c b/net/netfilter/nft_dynset.c
index c09dba57354c1..b4ada3ab21679 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nft_dynset.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/nft_dynset.c
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ static int nft_dynset_expr_setup(const struct nft_dynset *priv,
 
 	for (i = 0; i < priv->num_exprs; i++) {
 		expr = nft_setelem_expr_at(elem_expr, elem_expr->size);
-		if (nft_expr_clone(expr, priv->expr_array[i]) < 0)
+		if (nft_expr_clone(expr, priv->expr_array[i], GFP_ATOMIC) < 0)
 			return -1;
 
 		elem_expr->size += priv->expr_array[i]->ops->size;
diff --git a/net/netfilter/nft_last.c b/net/netfilter/nft_last.c
index 8e6d7eaf9dc8b..de1b6066bfa85 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nft_last.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/nft_last.c
@@ -102,12 +102,12 @@ static void nft_last_destroy(const struct nft_ctx *ctx,
 	kfree(priv->last);
 }
 
-static int nft_last_clone(struct nft_expr *dst, const struct nft_expr *src)
+static int nft_last_clone(struct nft_expr *dst, const struct nft_expr *src, gfp_t gfp)
 {
 	struct nft_last_priv *priv_dst = nft_expr_priv(dst);
 	struct nft_last_priv *priv_src = nft_expr_priv(src);
 
-	priv_dst->last = kzalloc(sizeof(*priv_dst->last), GFP_ATOMIC);
+	priv_dst->last = kzalloc(sizeof(*priv_dst->last), gfp);
 	if (!priv_dst->last)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
diff --git a/net/netfilter/nft_limit.c b/net/netfilter/nft_limit.c
index cefa25e0dbb0a..21d26b79b4607 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nft_limit.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/nft_limit.c
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ static void nft_limit_destroy(const struct nft_ctx *ctx,
 }
 
 static int nft_limit_clone(struct nft_limit_priv *priv_dst,
-			   const struct nft_limit_priv *priv_src)
+			   const struct nft_limit_priv *priv_src, gfp_t gfp)
 {
 	priv_dst->tokens_max = priv_src->tokens_max;
 	priv_dst->rate = priv_src->rate;
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ static int nft_limit_clone(struct nft_limit_priv *priv_dst,
 	priv_dst->burst = priv_src->burst;
 	priv_dst->invert = priv_src->invert;
 
-	priv_dst->limit = kmalloc(sizeof(*priv_dst->limit), GFP_ATOMIC);
+	priv_dst->limit = kmalloc(sizeof(*priv_dst->limit), gfp);
 	if (!priv_dst->limit)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
@@ -223,14 +223,15 @@ static void nft_limit_pkts_destroy(const struct nft_ctx *ctx,
 	nft_limit_destroy(ctx, &priv->limit);
 }
 
-static int nft_limit_pkts_clone(struct nft_expr *dst, const struct nft_expr *src)
+static int nft_limit_pkts_clone(struct nft_expr *dst, const struct nft_expr *src,
+				gfp_t gfp)
 {
 	struct nft_limit_priv_pkts *priv_dst = nft_expr_priv(dst);
 	struct nft_limit_priv_pkts *priv_src = nft_expr_priv(src);
 
 	priv_dst->cost = priv_src->cost;
 
-	return nft_limit_clone(&priv_dst->limit, &priv_src->limit);
+	return nft_limit_clone(&priv_dst->limit, &priv_src->limit, gfp);
 }
 
 static struct nft_expr_type nft_limit_type;
@@ -281,12 +282,13 @@ static void nft_limit_bytes_destroy(const struct nft_ctx *ctx,
 	nft_limit_destroy(ctx, priv);
 }
 
-static int nft_limit_bytes_clone(struct nft_expr *dst, const struct nft_expr *src)
+static int nft_limit_bytes_clone(struct nft_expr *dst, const struct nft_expr *src,
+				 gfp_t gfp)
 {
 	struct nft_limit_priv *priv_dst = nft_expr_priv(dst);
 	struct nft_limit_priv *priv_src = nft_expr_priv(src);
 
-	return nft_limit_clone(priv_dst, priv_src);
+	return nft_limit_clone(priv_dst, priv_src, gfp);
 }
 
 static const struct nft_expr_ops nft_limit_bytes_ops = {
diff --git a/net/netfilter/nft_quota.c b/net/netfilter/nft_quota.c
index 3ba12a7471b0f..9b2d7463d3d32 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nft_quota.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/nft_quota.c
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ static void nft_quota_destroy(const struct nft_ctx *ctx,
 	return nft_quota_do_destroy(ctx, priv);
 }
 
-static int nft_quota_clone(struct nft_expr *dst, const struct nft_expr *src)
+static int nft_quota_clone(struct nft_expr *dst, const struct nft_expr *src, gfp_t gfp)
 {
 	struct nft_quota *priv_dst = nft_expr_priv(dst);
 	struct nft_quota *priv_src = nft_expr_priv(src);
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ static int nft_quota_clone(struct nft_expr *dst, const struct nft_expr *src)
 	priv_dst->quota = priv_src->quota;
 	priv_dst->flags = priv_src->flags;
 
-	priv_dst->consumed = kmalloc(sizeof(*priv_dst->consumed), GFP_ATOMIC);
+	priv_dst->consumed = kmalloc(sizeof(*priv_dst->consumed), gfp);
 	if (!priv_dst->consumed)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
diff --git a/net/netfilter/nft_set_pipapo.c b/net/netfilter/nft_set_pipapo.c
index 187138afac45d..15a236bebb46a 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nft_set_pipapo.c
+++ b/net/netfilter/nft_set_pipapo.c
@@ -504,6 +504,7 @@ bool nft_pipapo_lookup(const struct net *net, const struct nft_set *set,
  * pipapo_get() - Get matching element reference given key data
  * @net:	Network namespace
  * @set:	nftables API set representation
+ * @m:		storage containing active/existing elements
  * @data:	Key data to be matched against existing elements
  * @genmask:	If set, check that element is active in given genmask
  * @tstamp:	timestamp to check for expired elements
@@ -517,17 +518,15 @@ bool nft_pipapo_lookup(const struct net *net, const struct nft_set *set,
  */
 static struct nft_pipapo_elem *pipapo_get(const struct net *net,
 					  const struct nft_set *set,
+					  const struct nft_pipapo_match *m,
 					  const u8 *data, u8 genmask,
 					  u64 tstamp, gfp_t gfp)
 {
 	struct nft_pipapo_elem *ret = ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
-	struct nft_pipapo *priv = nft_set_priv(set);
 	unsigned long *res_map, *fill_map = NULL;
-	const struct nft_pipapo_match *m;
 	const struct nft_pipapo_field *f;
 	int i;
 
-	m = priv->clone;
 	if (m->bsize_max == 0)
 		return ret;
 
@@ -612,9 +611,11 @@ static struct nft_elem_priv *
 nft_pipapo_get(const struct net *net, const struct nft_set *set,
 	       const struct nft_set_elem *elem, unsigned int flags)
 {
+	struct nft_pipapo *priv = nft_set_priv(set);
+	struct nft_pipapo_match *m = rcu_dereference(priv->match);
 	struct nft_pipapo_elem *e;
 
-	e = pipapo_get(net, set, (const u8 *)elem->key.val.data,
+	e = pipapo_get(net, set, m, (const u8 *)elem->key.val.data,
 		       nft_genmask_cur(net), get_jiffies_64(),
 		       GFP_ATOMIC);
 	if (IS_ERR(e))
@@ -1247,6 +1248,40 @@ static int pipapo_realloc_scratch(struct nft_pipapo_match *clone,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static bool nft_pipapo_transaction_mutex_held(const struct nft_set *set)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
+	const struct net *net = read_pnet(&set->net);
+
+	return lockdep_is_held(&nft_pernet(net)->commit_mutex);
+#else
+	return true;
+#endif
+}
+
+static struct nft_pipapo_match *pipapo_clone(struct nft_pipapo_match *old);
+
+/**
+ * pipapo_maybe_clone() - Build clone for pending data changes, if not existing
+ * @set:	nftables API set representation
+ *
+ * Return: newly created or existing clone, if any. NULL on allocation failure
+ */
+static struct nft_pipapo_match *pipapo_maybe_clone(const struct nft_set *set)
+{
+	struct nft_pipapo *priv = nft_set_priv(set);
+	struct nft_pipapo_match *m;
+
+	if (priv->clone)
+		return priv->clone;
+
+	m = rcu_dereference_protected(priv->match,
+				      nft_pipapo_transaction_mutex_held(set));
+	priv->clone = pipapo_clone(m);
+
+	return priv->clone;
+}
+
 /**
  * nft_pipapo_insert() - Validate and insert ranged elements
  * @net:	Network namespace
@@ -1263,8 +1298,7 @@ static int nft_pipapo_insert(const struct net *net, const struct nft_set *set,
 	const struct nft_set_ext *ext = nft_set_elem_ext(set, elem->priv);
 	union nft_pipapo_map_bucket rulemap[NFT_PIPAPO_MAX_FIELDS];
 	const u8 *start = (const u8 *)elem->key.val.data, *end;
-	struct nft_pipapo *priv = nft_set_priv(set);
-	struct nft_pipapo_match *m = priv->clone;
+	struct nft_pipapo_match *m = pipapo_maybe_clone(set);
 	u8 genmask = nft_genmask_next(net);
 	struct nft_pipapo_elem *e, *dup;
 	u64 tstamp = nft_net_tstamp(net);
@@ -1272,12 +1306,15 @@ static int nft_pipapo_insert(const struct net *net, const struct nft_set *set,
 	const u8 *start_p, *end_p;
 	int i, bsize_max, err = 0;
 
+	if (!m)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
 	if (nft_set_ext_exists(ext, NFT_SET_EXT_KEY_END))
 		end = (const u8 *)nft_set_ext_key_end(ext)->data;
 	else
 		end = start;
 
-	dup = pipapo_get(net, set, start, genmask, tstamp, GFP_KERNEL);
+	dup = pipapo_get(net, set, m, start, genmask, tstamp, GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!IS_ERR(dup)) {
 		/* Check if we already have the same exact entry */
 		const struct nft_data *dup_key, *dup_end;
@@ -1299,7 +1336,7 @@ static int nft_pipapo_insert(const struct net *net, const struct nft_set *set,
 
 	if (PTR_ERR(dup) == -ENOENT) {
 		/* Look for partially overlapping entries */
-		dup = pipapo_get(net, set, end, nft_genmask_next(net), tstamp,
+		dup = pipapo_get(net, set, m, end, nft_genmask_next(net), tstamp,
 				 GFP_KERNEL);
 	}
 
@@ -1332,8 +1369,6 @@ static int nft_pipapo_insert(const struct net *net, const struct nft_set *set,
 	}
 
 	/* Insert */
-	priv->dirty = true;
-
 	bsize_max = m->bsize_max;
 
 	nft_pipapo_for_each_field(f, i, m) {
@@ -1384,7 +1419,7 @@ static int nft_pipapo_insert(const struct net *net, const struct nft_set *set,
  * pipapo_clone() - Clone matching data to create new working copy
  * @old:	Existing matching data
  *
- * Return: copy of matching data passed as 'old', error pointer on failure
+ * Return: copy of matching data passed as 'old' or NULL.
  */
 static struct nft_pipapo_match *pipapo_clone(struct nft_pipapo_match *old)
 {
@@ -1394,7 +1429,7 @@ static struct nft_pipapo_match *pipapo_clone(struct nft_pipapo_match *old)
 
 	new = kmalloc(struct_size(new, f, old->field_count), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!new)
-		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+		return NULL;
 
 	new->field_count = old->field_count;
 	new->bsize_max = old->bsize_max;
@@ -1466,7 +1501,7 @@ static struct nft_pipapo_match *pipapo_clone(struct nft_pipapo_match *old)
 	free_percpu(new->scratch);
 	kfree(new);
 
-	return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+	return NULL;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1698,8 +1733,6 @@ static void pipapo_gc(struct nft_set *set, struct nft_pipapo_match *m)
 		 * NFT_SET_ELEM_DEAD_BIT.
 		 */
 		if (__nft_set_elem_expired(&e->ext, tstamp)) {
-			priv->dirty = true;
-
 			gc = nft_trans_gc_queue_sync(gc, GFP_KERNEL);
 			if (!gc)
 				return;
@@ -1777,57 +1810,30 @@ static void pipapo_reclaim_match(struct rcu_head *rcu)
 static void nft_pipapo_commit(struct nft_set *set)
 {
 	struct nft_pipapo *priv = nft_set_priv(set);
-	struct nft_pipapo_match *new_clone, *old;
-
-	if (time_after_eq(jiffies, priv->last_gc + nft_set_gc_interval(set)))
-		pipapo_gc(set, priv->clone);
+	struct nft_pipapo_match *old;
 
-	if (!priv->dirty)
+	if (!priv->clone)
 		return;
 
-	new_clone = pipapo_clone(priv->clone);
-	if (IS_ERR(new_clone))
-		return;
+	if (time_after_eq(jiffies, priv->last_gc + nft_set_gc_interval(set)))
+		pipapo_gc(set, priv->clone);
 
-	priv->dirty = false;
+	old = rcu_replace_pointer(priv->match, priv->clone,
+				  nft_pipapo_transaction_mutex_held(set));
+	priv->clone = NULL;
 
-	old = rcu_access_pointer(priv->match);
-	rcu_assign_pointer(priv->match, priv->clone);
 	if (old)
 		call_rcu(&old->rcu, pipapo_reclaim_match);
-
-	priv->clone = new_clone;
-}
-
-static bool nft_pipapo_transaction_mutex_held(const struct nft_set *set)
-{
-#ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
-	const struct net *net = read_pnet(&set->net);
-
-	return lockdep_is_held(&nft_pernet(net)->commit_mutex);
-#else
-	return true;
-#endif
 }
 
 static void nft_pipapo_abort(const struct nft_set *set)
 {
 	struct nft_pipapo *priv = nft_set_priv(set);
-	struct nft_pipapo_match *new_clone, *m;
-
-	if (!priv->dirty)
-		return;
-
-	m = rcu_dereference_protected(priv->match, nft_pipapo_transaction_mutex_held(set));
 
-	new_clone = pipapo_clone(m);
-	if (IS_ERR(new_clone))
+	if (!priv->clone)
 		return;
-
-	priv->dirty = false;
-
 	pipapo_free_match(priv->clone);
-	priv->clone = new_clone;
+	priv->clone = NULL;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1851,52 +1857,38 @@ static void nft_pipapo_activate(const struct net *net,
 }
 
 /**
- * pipapo_deactivate() - Check that element is in set, mark as inactive
+ * nft_pipapo_deactivate() - Search for element and make it inactive
  * @net:	Network namespace
  * @set:	nftables API set representation
- * @data:	Input key data
- * @ext:	nftables API extension pointer, used to check for end element
- *
- * This is a convenience function that can be called from both
- * nft_pipapo_deactivate() and nft_pipapo_flush(), as they are in fact the same
- * operation.
+ * @elem:	nftables API element representation containing key data
  *
  * Return: deactivated element if found, NULL otherwise.
  */
-static void *pipapo_deactivate(const struct net *net, const struct nft_set *set,
-			       const u8 *data, const struct nft_set_ext *ext)
+static struct nft_elem_priv *
+nft_pipapo_deactivate(const struct net *net, const struct nft_set *set,
+		      const struct nft_set_elem *elem)
 {
+	struct nft_pipapo_match *m = pipapo_maybe_clone(set);
 	struct nft_pipapo_elem *e;
 
-	e = pipapo_get(net, set, data, nft_genmask_next(net),
-		       nft_net_tstamp(net), GFP_KERNEL);
+	/* removal must occur on priv->clone, if we are low on memory
+	 * we have no choice and must fail the removal request.
+	 */
+	if (!m)
+		return NULL;
+
+	e = pipapo_get(net, set, m, (const u8 *)elem->key.val.data,
+		       nft_genmask_next(net), nft_net_tstamp(net), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (IS_ERR(e))
 		return NULL;
 
 	nft_set_elem_change_active(net, set, &e->ext);
 
-	return e;
-}
-
-/**
- * nft_pipapo_deactivate() - Call pipapo_deactivate() to make element inactive
- * @net:	Network namespace
- * @set:	nftables API set representation
- * @elem:	nftables API element representation containing key data
- *
- * Return: deactivated element if found, NULL otherwise.
- */
-static struct nft_elem_priv *
-nft_pipapo_deactivate(const struct net *net, const struct nft_set *set,
-		      const struct nft_set_elem *elem)
-{
-	const struct nft_set_ext *ext = nft_set_elem_ext(set, elem->priv);
-
-	return pipapo_deactivate(net, set, (const u8 *)elem->key.val.data, ext);
+	return &e->priv;
 }
 
 /**
- * nft_pipapo_flush() - Call pipapo_deactivate() to make element inactive
+ * nft_pipapo_flush() - make element inactive
  * @net:	Network namespace
  * @set:	nftables API set representation
  * @elem_priv:	nftables API element representation containing key data
@@ -2093,7 +2085,6 @@ static void nft_pipapo_remove(const struct net *net, const struct nft_set *set,
 			match_end += NFT_PIPAPO_GROUPS_PADDED_SIZE(f);
 
 			if (last && f->mt[rulemap[i].to].e == e) {
-				priv->dirty = true;
 				pipapo_drop(m, rulemap);
 				return;
 			}
@@ -2106,35 +2097,23 @@ static void nft_pipapo_remove(const struct net *net, const struct nft_set *set,
 }
 
 /**
- * nft_pipapo_walk() - Walk over elements
+ * nft_pipapo_do_walk() - Walk over elements in m
  * @ctx:	nftables API context
  * @set:	nftables API set representation
+ * @m:		matching data pointing to key mapping array
  * @iter:	Iterator
  *
  * As elements are referenced in the mapping array for the last field, directly
  * scan that array: there's no need to follow rule mappings from the first
- * field.
+ * field. @m is protected either by RCU read lock or by transaction mutex.
  */
-static void nft_pipapo_walk(const struct nft_ctx *ctx, struct nft_set *set,
-			    struct nft_set_iter *iter)
+static void nft_pipapo_do_walk(const struct nft_ctx *ctx, struct nft_set *set,
+			       const struct nft_pipapo_match *m,
+			       struct nft_set_iter *iter)
 {
-	struct nft_pipapo *priv = nft_set_priv(set);
-	const struct nft_pipapo_match *m;
 	const struct nft_pipapo_field *f;
 	unsigned int i, r;
 
-	WARN_ON_ONCE(iter->type != NFT_ITER_READ &&
-		     iter->type != NFT_ITER_UPDATE);
-
-	rcu_read_lock();
-	if (iter->type == NFT_ITER_READ)
-		m = rcu_dereference(priv->match);
-	else
-		m = priv->clone;
-
-	if (unlikely(!m))
-		goto out;
-
 	for (i = 0, f = m->f; i < m->field_count - 1; i++, f++)
 		;
 
@@ -2151,14 +2130,49 @@ static void nft_pipapo_walk(const struct nft_ctx *ctx, struct nft_set *set,
 
 		iter->err = iter->fn(ctx, set, iter, &e->priv);
 		if (iter->err < 0)
-			goto out;
+			return;
 
 cont:
 		iter->count++;
 	}
+}
 
-out:
-	rcu_read_unlock();
+/**
+ * nft_pipapo_walk() - Walk over elements
+ * @ctx:	nftables API context
+ * @set:	nftables API set representation
+ * @iter:	Iterator
+ *
+ * Test if destructive action is needed or not, clone active backend if needed
+ * and call the real function to work on the data.
+ */
+static void nft_pipapo_walk(const struct nft_ctx *ctx, struct nft_set *set,
+			    struct nft_set_iter *iter)
+{
+	struct nft_pipapo *priv = nft_set_priv(set);
+	const struct nft_pipapo_match *m;
+
+	switch (iter->type) {
+	case NFT_ITER_UPDATE:
+		m = pipapo_maybe_clone(set);
+		if (!m) {
+			iter->err = -ENOMEM;
+			return;
+		}
+
+		nft_pipapo_do_walk(ctx, set, m, iter);
+		break;
+	case NFT_ITER_READ:
+		rcu_read_lock();
+		m = rcu_dereference(priv->match);
+		nft_pipapo_do_walk(ctx, set, m, iter);
+		rcu_read_unlock();
+		break;
+	default:
+		iter->err = -EINVAL;
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
+		break;
+	}
 }
 
 /**
@@ -2267,21 +2281,10 @@ static int nft_pipapo_init(const struct nft_set *set,
 		f->mt = NULL;
 	}
 
-	/* Create an initial clone of matching data for next insertion */
-	priv->clone = pipapo_clone(m);
-	if (IS_ERR(priv->clone)) {
-		err = PTR_ERR(priv->clone);
-		goto out_free;
-	}
-
-	priv->dirty = false;
-
 	rcu_assign_pointer(priv->match, m);
 
 	return 0;
 
-out_free:
-	free_percpu(m->scratch);
 out_scratch:
 	kfree(m);
 
@@ -2326,33 +2329,18 @@ static void nft_pipapo_destroy(const struct nft_ctx *ctx,
 {
 	struct nft_pipapo *priv = nft_set_priv(set);
 	struct nft_pipapo_match *m;
-	int cpu;
 
 	m = rcu_dereference_protected(priv->match, true);
-	if (m) {
-		rcu_barrier();
-
-		for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
-			pipapo_free_scratch(m, cpu);
-		free_percpu(m->scratch);
-		pipapo_free_fields(m);
-		kfree(m);
-		priv->match = NULL;
-	}
 
 	if (priv->clone) {
-		m = priv->clone;
-
-		nft_set_pipapo_match_destroy(ctx, set, m);
-
-		for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
-			pipapo_free_scratch(priv->clone, cpu);
-		free_percpu(priv->clone->scratch);
-
-		pipapo_free_fields(priv->clone);
-		kfree(priv->clone);
+		nft_set_pipapo_match_destroy(ctx, set, priv->clone);
+		pipapo_free_match(priv->clone);
 		priv->clone = NULL;
+	} else {
+		nft_set_pipapo_match_destroy(ctx, set, m);
 	}
+
+	pipapo_free_match(m);
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/net/netfilter/nft_set_pipapo.h b/net/netfilter/nft_set_pipapo.h
index 24cd1ff73f981..0d2e40e10f7f5 100644
--- a/net/netfilter/nft_set_pipapo.h
+++ b/net/netfilter/nft_set_pipapo.h
@@ -155,14 +155,12 @@ struct nft_pipapo_match {
  * @match:	Currently in-use matching data
  * @clone:	Copy where pending insertions and deletions are kept
  * @width:	Total bytes to be matched for one packet, including padding
- * @dirty:	Working copy has pending insertions or deletions
  * @last_gc:	Timestamp of last garbage collection run, jiffies
  */
 struct nft_pipapo {
 	struct nft_pipapo_match __rcu *match;
 	struct nft_pipapo_match *clone;
 	int width;
-	bool dirty;
 	unsigned long last_gc;
 };
 
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/Makefile
index e9a6c702b8c99..47945b2b3f925 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/Makefile
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/Makefile
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ TEST_PROGS += conntrack_tcp_unreplied.sh
 TEST_PROGS += conntrack_sctp_collision.sh
 TEST_PROGS += conntrack_vrf.sh
 TEST_PROGS += ipvs.sh
+TEST_PROGS += nf_conntrack_packetdrill.sh
 TEST_PROGS += nf_nat_edemux.sh
 TEST_PROGS += nft_audit.sh
 TEST_PROGS += nft_concat_range.sh
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ $(OUTPUT)/conntrack_dump_flush: CFLAGS += $(MNL_CFLAGS)
 $(OUTPUT)/conntrack_dump_flush: LDLIBS += $(MNL_LDLIBS)
 
 TEST_FILES := lib.sh
+TEST_FILES += packetdrill
 
 TEST_INCLUDES := \
 	../lib.sh
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/config b/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/config
index 5b5b764f6cd08..63ef80ef47a42 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/config
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/config
@@ -86,3 +86,4 @@ CONFIG_VLAN_8021Q=m
 CONFIG_XFRM_USER=m
 CONFIG_XFRM_STATISTICS=y
 CONFIG_NET_PKTGEN=m
+CONFIG_TUN=m
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_packetdrill.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_packetdrill.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000..c6fdd2079f4db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_packetdrill.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+source lib.sh
+
+checktool "conntrack --version" "run test without conntrack"
+checktool "iptables --version" "run test without iptables"
+checktool "ip6tables --version" "run test without ip6tables"
+
+modprobe -q tun
+modprobe -q nf_conntrack
+# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_log_all_netns
+
+PDRILL_TIMEOUT=10
+
+files="
+conntrack_ack_loss_stall.pkt
+conntrack_inexact_rst.pkt
+conntrack_syn_challenge_ack.pkt
+conntrack_synack_old.pkt
+conntrack_synack_reuse.pkt
+conntrack_rst_invalid.pkt
+"
+
+if ! packetdrill --dry_run --verbose "packetdrill/conntrack_ack_loss_stall.pkt";then
+	echo "SKIP: packetdrill not installed"
+	exit ${ksft_skip}
+fi
+
+ret=0
+
+run_packetdrill()
+{
+	filename="$1"
+	ipver="$2"
+	local mtu=1500
+
+	export NFCT_IP_VERSION="$ipver"
+
+	if [ "$ipver" = "ipv4" ];then
+		export xtables="iptables"
+	elif [ "$ipver" = "ipv6" ];then
+		export xtables="ip6tables"
+		mtu=1520
+	fi
+
+	timeout "$PDRILL_TIMEOUT" unshare -n packetdrill --ip_version="$ipver" --mtu=$mtu \
+		--tolerance_usecs=1000000 --non_fatal packet "$filename"
+}
+
+run_one_test_file()
+{
+	filename="$1"
+
+	for v in ipv4 ipv6;do
+		printf "%-50s(%s)%-20s" "$filename" "$v" ""
+		if run_packetdrill packetdrill/"$f" "$v";then
+			echo OK
+		else
+			echo FAIL
+			ret=1
+		fi
+	done
+}
+
+echo "Replaying packetdrill test cases:"
+for f in $files;do
+	run_one_test_file packetdrill/"$f"
+done
+
+exit $ret
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/packetdrill/common.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/packetdrill/common.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000000..ed36d535196d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/packetdrill/common.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+# for debugging set net.netfilter.nf_log_all_netns=1 in init_net
+# or do not use net namespaces.
+modprobe -q nf_conntrack
+sysctl -q net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_log_invalid=6
+
+# Flush old cached data (fastopen cookies).
+ip tcp_metrics flush all > /dev/null 2>&1
+
+# TCP min, default, and max receive and send buffer sizes.
+sysctl -q net.ipv4.tcp_rmem="4096 540000 $((15*1024*1024))"
+sysctl -q net.ipv4.tcp_wmem="4096 $((256*1024)) 4194304"
+
+# TCP congestion control.
+sysctl -q net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=cubic
+
+# TCP slow start after idle.
+sysctl -q net.ipv4.tcp_slow_start_after_idle=0
+
+# TCP Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN)
+sysctl -q net.ipv4.tcp_ecn=0
+
+sysctl -q net.ipv4.tcp_notsent_lowat=4294967295 > /dev/null 2>&1
+
+# Override the default qdisc on the tun device.
+# Many tests fail with timing errors if the default
+# is FQ and that paces their flows.
+tc qdisc add dev tun0 root pfifo
+
+# Enable conntrack
+$xtables -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -p tcp --syn
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/packetdrill/conntrack_ack_loss_stall.pkt b/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/packetdrill/conntrack_ack_loss_stall.pkt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d755bd64c54f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/packetdrill/conntrack_ack_loss_stall.pkt
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+// check that already-acked (retransmitted) packet is let through rather
+// than tagged as INVALID.
+
+`packetdrill/common.sh`
+
+// should set -P DROP but it disconnects VM w.o. extra netns
++0 `$xtables -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP`
+
++0 socket(..., SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP) = 3
++0 setsockopt(3, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, [1], 4) = 0
++0 bind(3, ..., ...) = 0
++0 listen(3, 10) = 0
+
++0 < S 0:0(0) win 32792 <mss 1000>
++0 > S. 0:0(0) ack 1 <mss 1460>
++.01 < . 1:1(0) ack 1 win 65535
++0 accept(3, ..., ...) = 4
+
++0.0001 < P. 1:1461(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 1461 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 1461:2921(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 2921 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 2921:4381(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 4381 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 4381:5841(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 5841 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 5841:7301(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 7301 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 7301:8761(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 8761 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 8761:10221(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 10221 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 10221:11681(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 11681 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 11681:13141(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 13141 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 13141:14601(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 14601 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 14601:16061(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 16061 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 16061:17521(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 17521 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 17521:18981(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 18981 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 18981:20441(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 20441 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 20441:21901(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 21901 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 21901:23361(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 23361 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 23361:24821(1460) ack 1 win 257
+0.055 > . 1:1(0) ack 24821 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 24821:26281(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 26281 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 26281:27741(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 27741 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 27741:29201(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 29201 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 29201:30661(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 30661 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 30661:32121(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 32121 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 32121:33581(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 33581 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 33581:35041(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 35041 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 35041:36501(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 36501 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 36501:37961(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 37961 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 37961:39421(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 39421 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 39421:40881(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 40881 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 40881:42341(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 42341 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 42341:43801(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 43801 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 43801:45261(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 45261 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 45261:46721(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 46721 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 46721:48181(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 48181 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 48181:49641(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 49641 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 49641:51101(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 51101 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 51101:52561(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 52561 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 52561:54021(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 54021 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 54021:55481(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 55481 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 55481:56941(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 56941 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 56941:58401(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 58401 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 58401:59861(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 59861 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 59861:61321(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 61321 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 61321:62781(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 62781 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 62781:64241(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 64241 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 64241:65701(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 65701 win 65535
++0.0001 < P. 65701:67161(1460) ack 1 win 257
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 67161 win 65535
+
+// nf_ct_proto_6: SEQ is under the lower bound (already ACKed data retransmitted) IN=tun0 OUT= MAC= SRC=192.0.2.1 DST=192.168.24.72 LEN=1500 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=255 ID=0 PROTO=TCP SPT=34375 DPT=8080 SEQ=1 ACK=4162510439 WINDOW=257 RES=0x00 ACK PSH URGP=0
++0.0001 < P. 1:1461(1460) ack 1 win 257
+
+// only sent if above packet isn't flagged as invalid
++.0 > . 1:1(0) ack 67161 win 65535
+
++0 `$xtables -D INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP`
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/packetdrill/conntrack_inexact_rst.pkt b/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/packetdrill/conntrack_inexact_rst.pkt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..dccdd4c009c69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/packetdrill/conntrack_inexact_rst.pkt
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// check RST packet that doesn't exactly match expected next sequence
+// number still transitions conntrack state to CLOSE iff its already in
+// FIN/CLOSE_WAIT.
+
+`packetdrill/common.sh`
+
+//  5.771921 server_ip > client_ip TLSv1.2 337 [Packet size limited during capture]
+//  5.771994 server_ip > client_ip TLSv1.2 337 [Packet size limited during capture]
+//  5.772212 client_ip > server_ip TCP 66 45020 > 443 [ACK] Seq=1905874048 Ack=781810658 Win=36352 Len=0 TSval=3317842872 TSecr=675936334
+//  5.787924 server_ip > client_ip TLSv1.2 1300 [Packet size limited during capture]
+//  5.788126 server_ip > client_ip TLSv1.2 90 Application Data
+//  5.788207 server_ip > client_ip TCP 66 443 > 45020 [FIN, ACK] Seq=781811916 Ack=1905874048 Win=31104 Len=0 TSval=675936350 TSecr=3317842872
+//  5.788447 client_ip > server_ip TLSv1.2 90 Application Data
+//  5.788479 client_ip > server_ip TCP 66 45020 > 443 [RST, ACK] Seq=1905874072 Ack=781811917 Win=39040 Len=0 TSval=3317842889 TSecr=675936350
+//  5.788581 server_ip > client_ip TCP 54 8443 > 45020 [RST] Seq=781811892 Win=0 Len=0
+
++0 `iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP`
++0 `iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP`
+
++0 socket(..., SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP) = 3
++0 fcntl(3, F_SETFL, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK) = 0
+
+0.1 connect(3, ..., ...) = -1 EINPROGRESS (Operation now in progress)
+
+0.1 > S 0:0(0) win 65535 <mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 1 ecr 0,nop,wscale 8>
+
++0.1 < S. 1:1(0) ack 1 win 65535 <mss 1460>
+
++0 > . 1:1(0) ack 1 win 65535
++0 < . 1:1001(1000) ack 1 win 65535
++0 < . 1001:2001(1000) ack 1 win 65535
++0 < . 2001:3001(1000) ack 1 win 65535
+
++0 > . 1:1(0) ack 1001 win 65535
++0 > . 1:1(0) ack 2001 win 65535
++0 > . 1:1(0) ack 3001 win 65535
+
++0 write(3, ..., 1000) = 1000
+
++0.0 > P. 1:1001(1000) ack 3001 win 65535
+
++0.1 read(3, ..., 1000) = 1000
+
+// Conntrack should move to FIN_WAIT, then CLOSE_WAIT.
++0 < F. 3001:3001(0) ack 1001 win 65535
++0 >  . 1001:1001(0) ack 3002 win 65535
+
++0 `conntrack -f $NFCT_IP_VERSION -L -p tcp --dport 8080 2>/dev/null |grep -q CLOSE_WAIT`
+
++1 close(3) = 0
+// RST: unread data. FIN was seen, hence ack + 1
++0 > R. 1001:1001(0) ack 3002 win 65535
+// ... and then, CLOSE.
++0 `conntrack -f $NFCT_IP_VERSION -L -p tcp --dport 8080 2>/dev/null |grep -q CLOSE\ `
+
+// Spurious RST from peer -- no sk state.  Should NOT get
+// marked INVALID, because conntrack is already closing.
++0.1 < R 2001:2001(0) win 0
+
+// No packets should have been marked INVALID
++0 `iptables -v -S INPUT  | grep INVALID | grep -q -- "-c 0 0"`
++0 `iptables -v -S OUTPUT | grep INVALID | grep -q -- "-c 0 0"`
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/packetdrill/conntrack_rst_invalid.pkt b/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/packetdrill/conntrack_rst_invalid.pkt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..686f18a3d9ef5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/packetdrill/conntrack_rst_invalid.pkt
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// check that out of window resets are marked as INVALID and conntrack remains
+// in ESTABLISHED state.
+
+`packetdrill/common.sh`
+
++0 `$xtables -A INPUT -p tcp -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP`
++0 `$xtables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP`
+
++0 socket(..., SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP) = 3
++0 fcntl(3, F_SETFL, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK) = 0
+
+0.1 connect(3, ..., ...) = -1 EINPROGRESS (Operation now in progress)
+
+0.1 > S 0:0(0) win 65535 <mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 1 ecr 0,nop,wscale 8>
+
++0.1 < S. 1:1(0) ack 1 win 65535 <mss 1460>
+
++0 > . 1:1(0) ack 1 win 65535
++0 < . 1:1001(1000) ack 1 win 65535
++0 < . 1001:2001(1000) ack 1 win 65535
++0 < . 2001:3001(1000) ack 1 win 65535
+
++0 > . 1:1(0) ack 1001 win 65535
++0 > . 1:1(0) ack 2001 win 65535
++0 > . 1:1(0) ack 3001 win 65535
+
++0 write(3, ..., 1000) = 1000
+
+// out of window
++0.0 < R	0:0(0)	win 0
++0 `conntrack -f $NFCT_IP_VERSION -L -p tcp --dport 8080 2>/dev/null |grep -q ESTABLISHED`
+
+// out of window
++0.0 < R	1000000:1000000(0)	win 0
++0 `conntrack -f $NFCT_IP_VERSION -L -p tcp --dport 8080 2>/dev/null |grep -q ESTABLISHED`
+
+// in-window but not exact match
++0.0 < R	42:42(0)	win 0
++0 `conntrack -f $NFCT_IP_VERSION -L -p tcp --dport 8080 2>/dev/null |grep -q ESTABLISHED`
+
++0.0 > P. 1:1001(1000) ack 3001 win 65535
+
++0.1 read(3, ..., 1000) = 1000
++0 `conntrack -f $NFCT_IP_VERSION -L -p tcp --dport 8080 2>/dev/null |grep -q ESTABLISHED`
+
++0 < . 3001:3001(0) ack 1001 win 65535
+
++0.0 < R. 3000:3000(0) ack 1001 win 0
++0 `conntrack -f $NFCT_IP_VERSION -L -p tcp --dport 8080 2>/dev/null |grep -q ESTABLISHED`
+
+// exact next sequence
++0.0 < R. 3001:3001(0) ack 1001 win 0
+// Conntrack should move to CLOSE
+
+// Expect four invalid RSTs
++0 `$xtables -v -S INPUT  | grep INVALID | grep -q -- "-c 4 "`
++0 `$xtables -v -S OUTPUT | grep INVALID | grep -q -- "-c 0 0"`
+
++0 `conntrack -f $NFCT_IP_VERSION -L -p tcp --dport 8080 2>/dev/null |grep -q CLOSE\ `
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/packetdrill/conntrack_syn_challenge_ack.pkt b/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/packetdrill/conntrack_syn_challenge_ack.pkt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3442cd29bc932
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/packetdrill/conntrack_syn_challenge_ack.pkt
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Check connection re-use, i.e. peer that receives the SYN answers with
+// a challenge-ACK.
+// Check that conntrack lets all packets pass, including the challenge ack,
+// and that a new connection is established.
+
+`packetdrill/common.sh`
+
+// S  >
+//  . < (challnge-ack)
+// R. >
+// S  >
+// S. <
+// Expected outcome: established connection.
+
++0 `$xtables -A INPUT -p tcp -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP`
++0 `$xtables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP`
+
++0 socket(..., SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP) = 3
++0 fcntl(3, F_SETFL, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK) = 0
+
+0.1 connect(3, ..., ...) = -1 EINPROGRESS (Operation now in progress)
+0.1 > S 0:0(0) win 65535 <mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 1 ecr 0,nop,wscale 8>
+
+// Challenge ACK, old incarnation.
+0.1 < . 145824453:145824453(0) ack 643160523 win 240 <mss 1460,nop,nop,TS val 1 ecr 1,nop,wscale 0>
+
++0.01 > R 643160523:643160523(0) win 0
+
++0.01 `conntrack -f $NFCT_IP_VERSION -L -p tcp --dport 8080 2>/dev/null | grep UNREPLIED | grep -q SYN_SENT`
+
+// Must go through.
++0.01 > S 0:0(0) win 65535 <mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 1 ecr 0,nop,wscale 8>
+
+// correct synack
++0.1 < S. 0:0(0) ack 1 win 250 <mss 1460,nop,nop,TS val 1 ecr 1,nop,wscale 0>
+
+// 3whs completes.
++0.01 > . 1:1(0) ack 1 win 256 <nop,nop,TS val 1 ecr 1>
+
++0 `conntrack -f $NFCT_IP_VERSION -L -p tcp --dport 8080 2>/dev/null | grep ESTABLISHED | grep -q ASSURED`
+
+// No packets should have been marked INVALID
++0 `$xtables -v -S INPUT  | grep INVALID | grep -q -- "-c 0 0"`
++0 `$xtables -v -S OUTPUT | grep INVALID | grep -q -- "-c 0 0"`
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/packetdrill/conntrack_synack_old.pkt b/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/packetdrill/conntrack_synack_old.pkt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3047160c4bf3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/packetdrill/conntrack_synack_old.pkt
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Check conntrack copes with syn/ack reply for a previous, old incarnation.
+
+// tcpdump with buggy sequence
+// 10.176.25.8.829 > 10.192.171.30.2049: Flags [S], seq 2375731741, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 2083107423 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
+// OLD synack, for old/previous S
+// 10.192.171.30.2049 > 10.176.25.8.829: Flags [S.], seq 145824453, ack 643160523, win 65535, options [mss 8952,nop,wscale 5,TS val 3215437785 ecr 2082921663,nop,nop], length 0
+// This reset never makes it to the endpoint, elided in the packetdrill script
+// 10.192.171.30.2049 > 10.176.25.8.829: Flags [R.], seq 1, ack 1, win 65535, options [mss 8952,nop,wscale 5,TS val 3215443451 ecr 2082921663,nop,nop], length 0
+// Syn retransmit, no change
+// 10.176.25.8.829 > 10.192.171.30.2049: Flags [S], seq 2375731741, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 2083115583 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
+// CORRECT synack, should be accepted, but conntrack classified this as INVALID:
+// SEQ is over the upper bound (over the window of the receiver) IN=tun0 OUT= MAC= SRC=192.0.2.1 DST=192.168.37.78 LEN=40 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=255 ID=0 PROTO=TCP SPT=8080 DPT=34500 SEQ=162602411 ACK=2124350315 ..
+// 10.192.171.30.2049 > 10.176.25.8.829: Flags [S.], seq 162602410, ack 2375731742, win 65535, options [mss 8952,nop,wscale 5,TS val 3215445754 ecr 2083115583,nop,nop], length 0
+
+`packetdrill/common.sh`
+
++0 `$xtables -A INPUT -p tcp -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP`
++0 `$xtables -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP`
+
++0 socket(..., SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP) = 3
++0 fcntl(3, F_SETFL, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK) = 0
+
+0.1 connect(3, ..., ...) = -1 EINPROGRESS (Operation now in progress)
+0.1 > S 0:0(0) win 65535 <mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 1 ecr 0,nop,wscale 8>
+
+// bogus/outdated synack, invalid ack value
+0.1 < S. 145824453:145824453(0) ack 643160523 win 240 <mss 1440,nop,nop,TS val 1 ecr 1,nop,wscale 0>
+
+// syn retransmitted
+1.01 > S 0:0(0) win 65535 <mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 1015 ecr 0,nop,wscale 8>
++0 `conntrack -f $NFCT_IP_VERSION -L -p tcp --dport 8080 2>/dev/null | grep UNREPLIED | grep -q SYN_SENT`
+
+// correct synack
++0 < S. 145758918:145758918(0) ack 1 win 250 <mss 1460,nop,nop,TS val 1 ecr 1,nop,wscale 0>
++0 write(3, ..., 1) = 1
+
+// with buggy conntrack above packet is dropped, so SYN rtx is seen:
+// script packet:  1.054007 . 1:1(0) ack 16777958 win 256 <nop,nop,TS val 1033 ecr 1>
+// actual packet:  3.010000 S 0:0(0) win 65535 <mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 1015 ecr 0,nop,wscale 8>
++0 `conntrack -f $NFCT_IP_VERSION -L -p tcp --dport 8080 2>/dev/null | grep ESTABLISHED | grep -q ASSURED`
+
++0 > P. 1:2(1) ack 4294901762 win 256 <nop,nop,TS val 1067 ecr 1>
+
++0 `conntrack -f $NFCT_IP_VERSION -L -p tcp --dport 8080 2>/dev/null | grep ASSURED | grep -q ESTABLISHED`
+
+// No packets should have been marked INVALID in OUTPUT direction, 1 in INPUT
++0 `$xtables -v -S OUTPUT | grep INVALID | grep -q -- "-c 0 0"`
++0 `$xtables -v -S INPUT  | grep INVALID | grep -q -- "-c 1 "`
+
++0 `$xtables -D INPUT -p tcp -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP`
++0 `$xtables -D OUTPUT -p tcp -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP`
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/packetdrill/conntrack_synack_reuse.pkt b/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/packetdrill/conntrack_synack_reuse.pkt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..21e1bb6395e4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/netfilter/packetdrill/conntrack_synack_reuse.pkt
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Check reception of another SYN while we have an established conntrack state.
+// Challenge ACK is supposed to pass through, RST reply should clear conntrack
+// state and SYN retransmit should give us new 'SYN_RECV' connection state.
+
+`packetdrill/common.sh`
+
+// should show a match if bug is present:
++0 `iptables -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -p tcp --tcp-flags SYN,ACK SYN,ACK`
+
++0 socket(..., SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP) = 3
++0 setsockopt(3, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, [1], 4) = 0
++0 bind(3, ..., ...) = 0
++0 listen(3, 10) = 0
+
++0 < S 0:0(0) win 32792 <mss 1000,nop,wscale 7, TS val 1 ecr 0,nop,nop>
++0 > S. 0:0(0) ack 1 <mss 1460,nop,nop,TS val 100 ecr 1,nop,wscale 8>
++.01 < . 1:1(0) ack 1 win 257 <TS val 1 ecr 100,nop,nop>
++0 accept(3, ..., ...) = 4
+
++0 < P. 1:101(100) ack 1 win 257 <TS val 2 ecr 100,nop,nop>
++.001 > . 1:1(0) ack 101 win 256 <nop,nop,TS val 110 ecr 2>
++0 read(4, ..., 101) = 100
+
+1.0 < S 2000:2000(0) win 32792 <mss 1000,nop,wscale 7, TS val 233 ecr 0,nop,nop>
+// Won't expect this: challenge ack.
+
++0 > . 1:1(0) ack 101 win 256 <nop,nop,TS val 112 ecr 2>
++0 < R. 101:101(0) ack 1 win 257
++0 close(4) = 0
+
+1.5 < S 2000:2000(0) win 32792 <mss 1000,nop,wscale 0, TS val 233 ecr 0,nop,nop>
+
++0 `conntrack -L -p tcp --dport 8080 2>/dev/null | grep -q SYN_RECV`
++0 `iptables -v -S INPUT | grep INVALID | grep -q -- "-c 0 0"`