Fix test coverage documentation (#4064)

Author: daxpedda

guide/src/wasm-bindgen-test/coverage.md

@@ -22,7 +22,11 @@ Currently it is particularly difficult to [deliver compile-line arguments to pro
 
 Make sure you are using `RUSTFLAGS=-Cinstrument-coverage -Zno-profiler-runtime`.
 
-Due to the current limitation of `llvm-cov`, we can't collect profiling symbols from the generated `.wasm` files. Instead, we can grab them from the LLVM IR with `--emit=llvm-ir` by using Clang. Additionally, the emitted LLVM IR files by Rust contain invalid code that can't be parsed by Clang, so they need to be adjusted. Clang must use the same LLVM version that Rustc is using, which can be checkd by calling `rustc +nightly -vV`.
+Due to the current limitation of `llvm-cov`, we can't collect profiling symbols from the generated `.wasm` files. Instead, we can grab them from the LLVM IR with `--emit=llvm-ir` by using Clang. Additionally, the emitted LLVM IR files by Rust contain invalid code that can't be parsed by Clang, so they need to be adjusted.
+
+At the time of writing Rust Nightly uses LLVM v19, however [minicov] only supports LLVM v18. Usage of Clang or any LLVM tools must match the version used by [minicov].
+
+[minicov]: https://crates.io/crates/minicov
 
 ### Arguments to the test runner
 
@@ -43,6 +47,8 @@ This feature relies on the [minicov] crate, which provides a profiling runtime f
 
 ### Example
 
+This adapts code taken from the [Rustc book], see that for more examples and general information on test coverage as well.
+
 ```sh
 # Run the tests:
 # - `CARGO_HOST_RUSTFLAGS` to pass the configuration to `wasm-bindgen-macro`.
@@ -53,26 +59,41 @@ RUSTFLAGS="-Cinstrument-coverage -Zno-profiler-runtime --emit=llvm-ir --cfg=wasm
 CARGO_TARGET_WASM32_UNKNOWN_UNKNOWN_RUNNER=wasm-bindgen-test-runner \
 cargo +nightly test -Ztarget-applies-to-host -Zhost-config --tests
 # Adjust the LLVM IR and compile to object files:
-# - Replaces every function body with `unreachable`.
-# - Removes Rust-specific `range` annotations from function signatures.
-name=name_of_the_tested_crate_in_snake_case; \
-for file in `ls target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/debug/deps/$name-*.ll`; \
-do \
-    perl -i -p0e 's/(^define.*?$).*?^}/$1\nstart:\n  unreachable\n}/gms' $file && \
-    perl -i -p0e 's/(?<=noundef) range\(.*?\)//g' $file && \
-    clang $file -Wno-override-module -c; \
+# - Extract a list of compiled artifacts from Cargo and filter them with `jq`.
+# - Figure out the path to the LLVM IR file corresponding to an artifact.
+# - Replace every function body with `unreachable`.
+# - Remove Rust-specific `range` annotations from function signatures.
+# - Compile to object file with Clang and store for later usage with `llvm-cov`.
+crate_name=name_of_the_tested_crate_in_snake_case
+objects=()
+IFS=$'\n'
+for file in $(
+  CARGO_HOST_RUSTFLAGS=--cfg=wasm_bindgen_unstable_test_coverage \
+  RUSTFLAGS="-Cinstrument-coverage -Zno-profiler-runtime --emit=llvm-ir --cfg=wasm_bindgen_unstable_test_coverage" \
+  cargo +nightly test -Ztarget-applies-to-host -Zhost-config --tests --no-run --message-format=json | \
+  jq -r "select(.reason == \"compiler-artifact\") | (select(.target.kind == [\"test\"]) // select(.target.name == \"$crate_name\")) | .filenames[0]"
+)
+do
+  if [[ ${file##*.} == "rlib" ]]; then
+      base=$(basename $file .rlib)
+      file=$(dirname $file)/${base#"lib"}.ll
+  else
+      file=$(dirname $file)/$(basename $file .wasm).ll
+  fi
+
+  perl -i -p0e 's/(^define.*?$).*?^}/$1\nstart:\n  unreachable\n}/gms' $file
+  perl -i -p0e 's/(^define( [^ ]+)*) range\(.*?\)/$1/gm' $file
+
+  output = $(basename $file .ll).o
+  clang-18 $input -Wno-override-module -c -o $output
+  objects+=(-object $output)
 done
 # Merge all generated raw profiling data.
-# This uses `cargo-binutils` which uses LLVM tools shipped by Rust to make sure there is no LLVM version discrepancy.
-# But `llvm-profdata` can be used directly as well.
-# See <https://crates.io/crates/cargo-binutils>.
-rust-profdata merge -sparse ./*.profraw -o coverage.profdata
-# Produce test coverage data in the HTML format.
-rust-cov show --instr-profile=coverage.profdata --object ./*.o --format=html --Xdemangler=rust-demangler --sources src --output-dir coverage
+llvm-profdata-18 merge -sparse *.profraw -o coverage.profdata
+# Produce test coverage data in the HTML format and pass the object files we generated earlier.
+llvm-cov-18 show -show-instantiations=false -Xdemangler=rustfilt -output-dir coverage -format=html -instr-profile=coverage.profdata ${objects[@]} -sources src
 ```
 
-The [rustc book] has a lot more exapmles and information on test coverage as well.
-
 [rustc book]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustc/instrument-coverage.html
 
 ## Attribution