Auto merge of #135204 - RalfJung:win64-zst, r=SparrowLii

fix handling of ZST in win64 ABI on windows-msvc targets

The Microsoft calling conventions do not really say anything about ZST since they do not seem to exist in MSVC. However, both GCC and clang allow passing ZST over  `__attribute__((ms_abi))` functions (which matches our `extern "win64" fn`) on `windows-gnu` targets, and therefore implicitly define a de-facto ABI for these types (and lucky enough they seem to define the same ABI). This ABI should be the same for windows-msvc and windows-gnu targets, so we use this as a hint for how to implement this ABI everywhere: we always pass ZST by-ref.

The best alternative would be to just reject compiling functions which cannot exist in MSVC, but that would be a breaking change.

Cc `@programmerjake` `@ChrisDenton`
Fixes #132893

compiler/rustc_abi/src/extern_abi/mod.rs

@@ -192,6 +192,10 @@ pub fn is_enabled(
     s
 }
 
+/// Returns whether the ABI is stable to use.
+///
+/// Note that there is a separate check determining whether the ABI is even supported
+/// on the current target; see `fn is_abi_supported` in `rustc_target::spec`.
 pub fn is_stable(name: &str) -> Result<(), AbiDisabled> {
     match name {
         // Stable

compiler/rustc_target/src/callconv/mod.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
 use std::str::FromStr;
 use std::{fmt, iter};
 
-pub use rustc_abi::{Reg, RegKind};
+pub use rustc_abi::{ExternAbi, Reg, RegKind};
 use rustc_macros::HashStable_Generic;
 use rustc_span::Symbol;
 
 use crate::abi::{
     self, AddressSpace, Align, BackendRepr, HasDataLayout, Pointer, Size, TyAbiInterface,
     TyAndLayout,
 };
-use crate::spec::abi::Abi as SpecAbi;
-use crate::spec::{self, HasTargetSpec, HasWasmCAbiOpt, HasX86AbiOpt, WasmCAbi};
+use crate::spec::{HasTargetSpec, HasWasmCAbiOpt, HasX86AbiOpt, WasmCAbi};
 
 mod aarch64;
 mod amdgpu;
@@ -627,20 +626,20 @@ impl<'a, Ty: fmt::Display> fmt::Debug for FnAbi<'a, Ty> {
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, HashStable_Generic)]
 pub enum AdjustForForeignAbiError {
     /// Target architecture doesn't support "foreign" (i.e. non-Rust) ABIs.
-    Unsupported { arch: Symbol, abi: spec::abi::Abi },
+    Unsupported { arch: Symbol, abi: ExternAbi },
 }
 
 impl<'a, Ty> FnAbi<'a, Ty> {
     pub fn adjust_for_foreign_abi<C>(
         &mut self,
         cx: &C,
-        abi: spec::abi::Abi,
+        abi: ExternAbi,
     ) -> Result<(), AdjustForForeignAbiError>
     where
         Ty: TyAbiInterface<'a, C> + Copy,
         C: HasDataLayout + HasTargetSpec + HasWasmCAbiOpt + HasX86AbiOpt,
     {
-        if abi == spec::abi::Abi::X86Interrupt {
+        if abi == ExternAbi::X86Interrupt {
             if let Some(arg) = self.args.first_mut() {
                 arg.pass_by_stack_offset(None);
             }
@@ -651,12 +650,10 @@ impl<'a, Ty> FnAbi<'a, Ty> {
         match &spec.arch[..] {
             "x86" => {
                 let (flavor, regparm) = match abi {
-                    spec::abi::Abi::Fastcall { .. } | spec::abi::Abi::Vectorcall { .. } => {
+                    ExternAbi::Fastcall { .. } | ExternAbi::Vectorcall { .. } => {
                         (x86::Flavor::FastcallOrVectorcall, None)
                     }
-                    spec::abi::Abi::C { .. }
-                    | spec::abi::Abi::Cdecl { .. }
-                    | spec::abi::Abi::Stdcall { .. } => {
+                    ExternAbi::C { .. } | ExternAbi::Cdecl { .. } | ExternAbi::Stdcall { .. } => {
                         (x86::Flavor::General, cx.x86_abi_opt().regparm)
                     }
                     _ => (x86::Flavor::General, None),
@@ -666,8 +663,10 @@ impl<'a, Ty> FnAbi<'a, Ty> {
                 x86::compute_abi_info(cx, self, opts);
             }
             "x86_64" => match abi {
-                spec::abi::Abi::SysV64 { .. } => x86_64::compute_abi_info(cx, self),
-                spec::abi::Abi::Win64 { .. } => x86_win64::compute_abi_info(cx, self),
+                ExternAbi::SysV64 { .. } => x86_64::compute_abi_info(cx, self),
+                ExternAbi::Win64 { .. } | ExternAbi::Vectorcall { .. } => {
+                    x86_win64::compute_abi_info(cx, self)
+                }
                 _ => {
                     if cx.target_spec().is_like_windows {
                         x86_win64::compute_abi_info(cx, self)
@@ -701,7 +700,7 @@ impl<'a, Ty> FnAbi<'a, Ty> {
             "sparc" => sparc::compute_abi_info(cx, self),
             "sparc64" => sparc64::compute_abi_info(cx, self),
             "nvptx64" => {
-                if cx.target_spec().adjust_abi(abi, self.c_variadic) == spec::abi::Abi::PtxKernel {
+                if cx.target_spec().adjust_abi(abi, self.c_variadic) == ExternAbi::PtxKernel {
                     nvptx64::compute_ptx_kernel_abi_info(cx, self)
                 } else {
                     nvptx64::compute_abi_info(self)
@@ -730,7 +729,7 @@ impl<'a, Ty> FnAbi<'a, Ty> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    pub fn adjust_for_rust_abi<C>(&mut self, cx: &C, abi: SpecAbi)
+    pub fn adjust_for_rust_abi<C>(&mut self, cx: &C, abi: ExternAbi)
     where
         Ty: TyAbiInterface<'a, C> + Copy,
         C: HasDataLayout + HasTargetSpec,
@@ -821,7 +820,7 @@ impl<'a, Ty> FnAbi<'a, Ty> {
                 // that's how we connect up to LLVM and it's unstable
                 // anyway, we control all calls to it in libstd.
                 BackendRepr::Vector { .. }
-                    if abi != SpecAbi::RustIntrinsic && spec.simd_types_indirect =>
+                    if abi != ExternAbi::RustIntrinsic && spec.simd_types_indirect =>
                 {
                     arg.make_indirect();
                     continue;

compiler/rustc_target/src/callconv/x86_win64.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use crate::spec::HasTargetSpec;
 
 // Win64 ABI: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/parameter-passing
 
-pub(crate) fn compute_abi_info<Ty>(cx: &impl HasTargetSpec, fn_abi: &mut FnAbi<'_, Ty>) {
+pub(crate) fn compute_abi_info<Ty>(_cx: &impl HasTargetSpec, fn_abi: &mut FnAbi<'_, Ty>) {
     let fixup = |a: &mut ArgAbi<'_, Ty>| {
         match a.layout.backend_repr {
             BackendRepr::Uninhabited | BackendRepr::Memory { sized: false } => {}
@@ -40,16 +40,18 @@ pub(crate) fn compute_abi_info<Ty>(cx: &impl HasTargetSpec, fn_abi: &mut FnAbi<'
         fixup(&mut fn_abi.ret);
     }
     for arg in fn_abi.args.iter_mut() {
-        if arg.is_ignore() {
-            // x86_64-pc-windows-gnu doesn't ignore ZSTs.
-            if cx.target_spec().os == "windows"
-                && cx.target_spec().env == "gnu"
-                && arg.layout.is_zst()
-            {
-                arg.make_indirect_from_ignore();
-            }
+        if arg.is_ignore() && arg.layout.is_zst() {
+            // Windows ABIs do not talk about ZST since such types do not exist in MSVC.
+            // In that sense we can do whatever we want here, and maybe we should throw an error
+            // (but of course that would be a massive breaking change now).
+            // We try to match clang and gcc (which allow ZST is their windows-gnu targets), so we
+            // pass ZST via pointer indirection.
+            arg.make_indirect_from_ignore();
             continue;
         }
         fixup(arg);
     }
+    // FIXME: We should likely also do something about ZST return types, similar to above.
+    // However, that's non-trivial due to `()`.
+    // See <https://github.com/rust-lang/unsafe-code-guidelines/issues/552>.
 }

compiler/rustc_target/src/spec/mod.rs

@@ -2815,12 +2815,17 @@ impl Target {
             Abi::EfiApi if self.arch == "x86_64" => Abi::Win64 { unwind: false },
             Abi::EfiApi => Abi::C { unwind: false },
 
-            // See commentary in `is_abi_supported`.
-            Abi::Stdcall { .. } | Abi::Thiscall { .. } if self.arch == "x86" => abi,
-            Abi::Stdcall { unwind } | Abi::Thiscall { unwind } => Abi::C { unwind },
-            Abi::Fastcall { .. } if self.arch == "x86" => abi,
+            // See commentary in `is_abi_supported`: we map these ABIs to "C" when they do not make sense.
+            Abi::Stdcall { .. } | Abi::Thiscall { .. } | Abi::Fastcall { .. }
+                if self.arch == "x86" =>
+            {
+                abi
+            }
             Abi::Vectorcall { .. } if ["x86", "x86_64"].contains(&&self.arch[..]) => abi,
-            Abi::Fastcall { unwind } | Abi::Vectorcall { unwind } => Abi::C { unwind },
+            Abi::Stdcall { unwind }
+            | Abi::Thiscall { unwind }
+            | Abi::Fastcall { unwind }
+            | Abi::Vectorcall { unwind } => Abi::C { unwind },
 
             // The Windows x64 calling convention we use for `extern "Rust"`
             // <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/x64-software-conventions#register-volatility-and-preservation>

tests/codegen/abi-win64-zst.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+//@ compile-flags: -Z merge-functions=disabled
+
+//@ revisions: windows-gnu
+//@[windows-gnu] compile-flags: --target x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
+//@[windows-gnu] needs-llvm-components: x86
+
+//@ revisions: windows-msvc
+//@[windows-msvc] compile-flags: --target x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
+//@[windows-msvc] needs-llvm-components: x86
+
+// Also test what happens when using a Windows ABI on Linux.
+//@ revisions: linux
+//@[linux] compile-flags: --target x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
+//@[linux] needs-llvm-components: x86
+
+#![feature(no_core, lang_items, rustc_attrs, abi_vectorcall)]
+#![no_core]
+#![crate_type = "lib"]
+
+#[lang = "sized"]
+trait Sized {}
+
+// Make sure the argument is always passed when explicitly requesting a Windows ABI.
+// Our goal here is to match clang: <https://clang.godbolt.org/z/Wr4jMWq3P>.
+
+// CHECK: define win64cc void @pass_zst_win64(ptr {{[^,]*}})
+#[no_mangle]
+extern "win64" fn pass_zst_win64(_: ()) {}
+
+// CHECK: define x86_vectorcallcc void @pass_zst_vectorcall(ptr {{[^,]*}})
+#[no_mangle]
+extern "vectorcall" fn pass_zst_vectorcall(_: ()) {}
+
+// windows-gnu: define void @pass_zst_fastcall(ptr {{[^,]*}})
+// windows-msvc: define void @pass_zst_fastcall(ptr {{[^,]*}})
+#[no_mangle]
+#[cfg(windows)] // "fastcall" is not valid on 64bit Linux
+extern "fastcall" fn pass_zst_fastcall(_: ()) {}
+
+// The sysv64 ABI ignores ZST.
+
+// CHECK: define x86_64_sysvcc void @pass_zst_sysv64()
+#[no_mangle]
+extern "sysv64" fn pass_zst_sysv64(_: ()) {}
+
+// For `extern "C"` functions, ZST are ignored on Linux put passed on Windows.
+
+// linux: define void @pass_zst_c()
+// windows-msvc: define void @pass_zst_c(ptr {{[^,]*}})
+// windows-gnu: define void @pass_zst_c(ptr {{[^,]*}})
+#[no_mangle]
+extern "C" fn pass_zst_c(_: ()) {}