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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<title><![CDATA[Ruby Workshop]]></title>
<link href="http://ruby-workshop.github.com/atom.xml" rel="self"/>
<link href="http://ruby-workshop.github.com/"/>
<updated>2012-02-25T14:25:00+01:00</updated>
<id>http://ruby-workshop.github.com/</id>
<author>
<name><![CDATA[Hrvoje Šimić]]></name>
<email><![CDATA[[email protected]]]></email>
</author>
<generator uri="http://octopress.org/">Octopress</generator>
<entry>
<title type="html"><![CDATA[uvod u ruby]]></title>
<link href="http://ruby-workshop.github.com/blog/2012/02/20/uvod-u-ruby/"/>
<updated>2012-02-20T14:00:00+01:00</updated>
<id>http://ruby-workshop.github.com/blog/2012/02/20/uvod-u-ruby</id>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>For me the purpose of life is partly to have joy. Programmers often feel joy when they can concentrate on the creative side of programming, so Ruby is designed to make programmers happy.</p><footer><strong>Yukihiro Matsumoto</strong> <cite>The Inventor of Ruby</cite></footer></blockquote>
<p>Kako tebe Ruby može učiniti sretnim?</p>
<p>Hello world u Javi:</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span>HelloWorldApp.java </span></figcaption>
<div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
<span class='line-number'>5</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='java'><span class='line'><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">HelloWorldApp</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">static</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="n">System</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">out</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">println</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">"Hello world!"</span><span class="o">);</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="o">}</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="o">}</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>Pokretanje:</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='bash'><span class='line'>javac HelloWorldApp.java
</span><span class='line'>java HelloWorldApp
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>Hello world u Rubyu:</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span>hello_world.rb </span></figcaption>
<div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='rb'><span class='line'><span class="nb">print</span> <span class="s2">"Hello world!"</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>Pokretanje:</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='bash'><span class='line'>ruby hello_world.rb
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>Kako bi na engleskom rekli računalu što želite napraviti?</p>
<p>Ruby je moćan jezik sa predivnom sintaksom. Ruby se želi što više
prilagoditi programeru i govornom jeziku, te mu brzina izvršavanja nije
prioritet.</p>
<p>Filozofija Rubya:</p>
<blockquote><p>Everything is an object.</p></blockquote>
<p>Primjeri</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
<span class='line-number'>5</span>
<span class='line-number'>6</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">class</span> <span class="c1">#=> Fixnum</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">superclass</span> <span class="c1">#=> Integer</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">superclass</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">superclass</span> <span class="c1">#=> Numeric</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">superclass</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">superclass</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">superclass</span> <span class="c1">#=> Object</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">superclass</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">superclass</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">superclass</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">superclass</span> <span class="c1">#=> BasicObject</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">superclass</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">superclass</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">superclass</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">superclass</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">superclass</span> <span class="c1">#=> nil</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>Čak je i “ništa” objekt:</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="kp">nil</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">class</span> <span class="c1">#=> NilClass</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="no">Class</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">class</span> <span class="c1">#=> Class</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="no">Class</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">superclass</span> <span class="c1">#=> Module</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="no">Class</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">superclass</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">superclass</span> <span class="c1">#=> Object</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
<span class='line-number'>5</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="no">Object</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">class</span> <span class="c1">#=> Class</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="no">Object</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">superclass</span> <span class="c1">#=> Module</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="no">Object</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">superclass</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">superclass</span> <span class="c1">#=> Object</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">mind</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"blown"</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>Ruby je jedan od “najobjektnijih” jezika na svijetu.</p>
]]></content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title type="html"><![CDATA[zahtjevi za rad]]></title>
<link href="http://ruby-workshop.github.com/blog/2012/02/20/zahtjevi-za-rad/"/>
<updated>2012-02-20T13:59:00+01:00</updated>
<id>http://ruby-workshop.github.com/blog/2012/02/20/zahtjevi-za-rad</id>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>Za ovu radionicu trebat će vam <a href="http://www.github.com">github account</a>
i lokalno instalirana verzija rubya.</p>
<p><strong>Zašto github (osim što je najbolji)?</strong></p>
<p>Zadatke planiram objavljivati u
<a href="https://gist.github.com/">gistovima</a>, najlakšem načinu dijeljenja koda.
Nakon objave zadatak ćete moći rješiti “forkanjem”.</p>
<h2>Instalacija</h2>
<p><strong>Windows</strong></p>
<p>Instalirajte <a href="http://msysgit.googlecode.com/files/Git-1.7.9-preview20120201.exe">Git for Windows</a> i <a href="http://rubyforge.org/frs/download.php/75127/rubyinstaller-1.9.2-p290.exe">Ruby</a>.</p>
<p>Odite na <em>Start > Run > cmd</em> i upišite <code>ruby -v</code>. Ukoliko vam ta komanda
vraća</p>
<figure class='code'><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class=''><span class='line'>ruby 1.9.2 (x) [y]</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>uspješno ste instalirali ruby :)</p>
<p><strong>Linux/Mac</strong></p>
<p>Instalirajte git: <code>$ sudo apt-get install git</code></p>
<p>Instalirajte RVM (Ruby Version Manager):</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='bash'><span class='line'><span class="nv">$ </span>bash -s stable < <<span class="o">(</span>curl -s https://raw.github.com/wayneeseguin/rvm/master/binscripts/rvm-installer<span class="o">)</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="nv">$ </span><span class="nb">source</span> ~/.bash_profile
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>Nakon toga instalirajte “requirementse” za ruby. Ispišite listu
“requirementsa”:</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='bash'><span class='line'><span class="nv">$ </span>rvm requirements
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>Istalirajte ruby</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='bash'><span class='line'><span class="nv">$ </span>rvm install 1.9.2
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>Ukoliko vam <code>$ ruby -v</code> vraća</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='bash'><span class='line'>ruby 1.9.2 <span class="o">(</span>x<span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">[</span>y<span class="o">]</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>uspješno ste instalirali ruby :)</p>
<h2>Problemi sa instalacijom</h2>
<p><em>“Ne mogu instalirati Ruby! Ne dobijem takav izlaz kad upišem ruby -v.”</em>
- <a href="mailto:[email protected]?subject=[ruby-workshop]%20Ne%20mogu%20instalirati%20Ruby!">mail me, baby!</a></p>
]]></content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title type="html"><![CDATA[osnovni tipovi podataka]]></title>
<link href="http://ruby-workshop.github.com/blog/2012/02/20/osnovni-tipovi-podataka/"/>
<updated>2012-02-20T13:58:00+01:00</updated>
<id>http://ruby-workshop.github.com/blog/2012/02/20/osnovni-tipovi-podataka</id>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2>Brojevi</h2>
<p>Počinjemo sa najjednostavnijim tipom podatka - brojem.</p>
<p>Otvorite text editor i upišite</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="nb">puts</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>Spremite datoteku kao <code>rezultat.rb</code> i nakon toga pokrenite pozivom <code>ruby
calc.rb</code> iz komandne linije.</p>
<p>Trebali biste vidjeti <code>5</code> kao rezultat.</p>
<p><code>puts</code> - ispisivanje na ekran</p>
<p>Ruby razlikuje dva tipa brojeva - <em>Floatove</em> i <em>Integere</em>.</p>
<ul>
<li>Float - decimalni brojevi</li>
</ul>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">231</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">0</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">14</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<ul>
<li>Integer - cjelobrojni brojevi</li>
</ul>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
<span class='line-number'>5</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="mi">2314</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="mi">1</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="mi">9999999999999</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">205</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="mi">0</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>Brojevi znaju izvoditi dosta korisnih stvari. Definirana stvar koju
broj zna izvoditi zove se <strong>metoda</strong>.</p>
<p>Primjeri metoda</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
<span class='line-number'>5</span>
<span class='line-number'>6</span>
<span class='line-number'>7</span>
<span class='line-number'>8</span>
<span class='line-number'>9</span>
<span class='line-number'>10</span>
<span class='line-number'>11</span>
<span class='line-number'>12</span>
<span class='line-number'>13</span>
<span class='line-number'>14</span>
<span class='line-number'>15</span>
<span class='line-number'>16</span>
<span class='line-number'>17</span>
<span class='line-number'>18</span>
<span class='line-number'>19</span>
<span class='line-number'>20</span>
<span class='line-number'>21</span>
<span class='line-number'>22</span>
<span class='line-number'>23</span>
<span class='line-number'>24</span>
<span class='line-number'>25</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="c1">### abs - vraća apsolutnu vrijednost broja</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">abs</span> <span class="c1">#=> 2</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">abs</span> <span class="c1">#=> 4</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="c1">### zero? - provjerava je li broj jednak 0</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">zero?</span> <span class="c1">#=> true</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">zero?</span> <span class="c1">#=> false</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">zero?</span> <span class="c1">#=> true</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="c1">### eql? - provjerava je li broj jednak drugom broju</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">eql?</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="c1">#=> true</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="mi">6</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">eql?</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="c1">#=> false</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">eql?</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">0</span> <span class="c1">#=> false (zato jer nisu isti tip)</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="c1">### round(n) - zaokružuje broj na maksimalno n decimalnih mjesta</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="c1">### n argument koji šaljemo metodi, nije obavezan. ako ne pošaljemo </span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="c1">### argument podrazumijeva se 0</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">round</span> <span class="c1">#=> -2</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">round</span> <span class="c1">#=> 3</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">14159</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">round</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#=> 3.14</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mo">021</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">round</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#=> 3.021</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p><em>Kako prepoznati metodu?</em></p>
<p>Metoda koju pozivate uvijek se nalazi sa desne strane točke, a objekt
kojem govorite da napravi tu metodu sa lijeve. – <strong>objekt.metoda</strong></p>
<p><em>Kako prepoznati argument?</em></p>
<p>Argument je ono što šaljemo sa pozivom metode. Primjer:</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">eql?</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<ul>
<li><strong>5</strong> - objekt</li>
<li><strong>eql?</strong> - metoda</li>
<li><strong>0</strong> - argument</li>
</ul>
<p><em>Zašto negdje koristimo zagrade kad šaljemo argument, a negdje ne?</em></p>
<p>U Rubyu zagrade kod slanja arugmenta nisu obavezne</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">14159</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">round</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="c1">#=> 3.14</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">14159</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">round</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#=> 3.14</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>U prvom primjeru u ovom poglavlju zbrajali smo brojeve. Koristili smo
<code>+</code> za to. Tako možemo koristiti i sve algebarske operacije (<code>-, +, *,
/</code>).</p>
<p><strong>Sve su ove algebarske operacije metode!</strong> - zato što je Ruby jedan od
najobjektnijih jezika na svijetu</p>
<p>Primjer</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">+</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="c1">#=> 5</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">+</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#=> 5</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p><em>Zašto nismo koristili točku za poziv metode + kada smo zbrajali?</em></p>
<p><code>2 + 3</code> je <strong>sintaktički šećer</strong> ili kratica za pisanje <code>1.+ 3</code> koja je
napravljena da bi nam olakšala život.</p>
<p><strong>Drill</strong></p>
<div><script src='https://gist.github.com/1877085.js?file='></script>
<noscript><pre><code>### Brojčano na ekranu ispišite koliko godina ima sekundi.
### Koliko imate godina ako ste start 8286 dana?</code></pre></noscript></div>
<h2>Stringovi</h2>
<p><em>String</em> je sve što se nalazi unutar navodnika.</p>
<p>Primjeri</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
<span class='line-number'>5</span>
<span class='line-number'>6</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="s2">"ruby"</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="s1">'ruby'</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="s1">''</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="s2">""</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="s2">"1"</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="s1">'48304823048304802384'</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p><em>Kakve nam koristi od stringova?</em></p>
<p>String je tip podatka koji se najčešće koristi. Koristi se za spremanje
podataka o korisniku - korisničkog imena, emaila, lozinke…</p>
<p>Neke od string metoda</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
<span class='line-number'>5</span>
<span class='line-number'>6</span>
<span class='line-number'>7</span>
<span class='line-number'>8</span>
<span class='line-number'>9</span>
<span class='line-number'>10</span>
<span class='line-number'>11</span>
<span class='line-number'>12</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="s2">"ruby"</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capitalize</span> <span class="c1">#=> "Ruby"</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="s2">"mOzIlLa"</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">swapcase</span> <span class="c1">#=> "MoZiLlA"</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="s2">"github"</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">upcase</span> <span class="c1">#=> "GITHUB"</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="s2">"NE DERI SE!"</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">downcase</span> <span class="c1">#=> "ne deri se!"</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="s2">"mačka"</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reverse</span> <span class="c1">#=> "akčam"</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="s2">"mačka "</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">"i"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">" pas"</span> <span class="c1">#=> "mačka i pas"</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="s2">"mačka"</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">length</span> <span class="c1">#=> 5</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="s2">"Florijan"</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="c1">#=> "o"</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>Stringovi i brojevi dijele metodu <code>+</code>, ali ne smijemo koristiti druge
brojevne metode na stringovima. (nemaju smisla)</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
<span class='line-number'>5</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="s2">"tata"</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">abs</span> <span class="c1">#=> NoMethodError: undefined method `abs' for "tata":String</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capitalize</span> <span class="c1">#=> NoMethodError: undefined method `capitalize' for 2:Fixnum</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="s2">"0"</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">zero?</span> <span class="c1">#=> NoMethodError: undefined method `zero?' for "0":String</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>Zadnji primjer ima smisla, ali i dalje ne smijemo koristiti brojevne
metode na stringu. Zato koristimo <strong>konverziju</strong></p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="s2">"0"</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">to_i</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">zero?</span> <span class="c1">#=> true</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>Ovime smo pretvorili string “0” u broj i onda ispitali je li jednak
nuli.</p>
<p>Koristili smo i <strong>ulančavanje</strong>, to jest ljepljenje metoda jednu na
drugu. Ulančavanje smijemo koristiti bez ograničenja.</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="s2">"github"</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reverse</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">capitalize</span> <span class="c1">#=> "Buhtig"</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p><strong>Drill</strong></p>
<div><script src='https://gist.github.com/1877184.js?file='></script>
<noscript><pre><code>### Ispišite svoje ime i prezime unatrag
### Ispišite treće slovo svog imena velikim slovom</code></pre></noscript></div>
<h2>Nizovi</h2>
<p>Nizove prepoznajemo po uglatim zagradama.</p>
<p>Primjeri nizova</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">]</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">414</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s2">"zebra"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">]</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>Nizovi posjeduju nekoliko korisnih metoda</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
<span class='line-number'>5</span>
<span class='line-number'>6</span>
<span class='line-number'>7</span>
<span class='line-number'>8</span>
<span class='line-number'>9</span>
<span class='line-number'>10</span>
<span class='line-number'>11</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">].</span><span class="n">length</span> <span class="c1">#=> 4</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">].</span><span class="n">shuffle</span> <span class="c1">#=> [4,3,1,2]</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">].</span><span class="n">join</span> <span class="s1">' '</span> <span class="c1">#=> "1 2 3 4"</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">].</span><span class="n">each</span> <span class="k">do</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">element</span><span class="o">|</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="nb">puts</span> <span class="n">element</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span> <span class="c1">#=> [1,2,3,4]</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">].</span><span class="n">each</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="nb">puts</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="c1">#=> [1,2,3,4]</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>Zanimljivo je konvertirati drugi tip podatka u niz kako bi dobili metode
niza.</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="s2">"Ruby je super"</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sr">/ /</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#=> ["Ruby","je","super"]</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="s2">"Ruby je super"</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sr">//</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#=> ["R","u","b","y","j","e","s","u","p","e","r"]</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="s2">"Ruby je super"</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sr">/ /</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shuffle</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' '</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#=> "je super Ruby"</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p><strong>Let’s drill it baby</strong></p>
<div><script src='https://gist.github.com/1893905.js?file='></script>
<noscript><pre><code>### Napišite program koji će ispisivati string od 10 slova i 5 znamenki i to svaki put u drukčijem rasporedu
### Napišite program koji će ispisati brojeve od 1 do 10, svaki u svom redu</code></pre></noscript></div>
<h2>Intervali</h2>
<p>Interval (range) prepoznajemo po oblim zagradama:</p>
<p>Primjeri</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">.</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>Korisnost: ne trebamo upisivati sve vrijednosti u niz nego koristimo
interval</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">.</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each</span> <span class="k">do</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="o">|</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="nb">puts</span> <span class="n">x</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p><strong>Drill</strong></p>
<div><script src='https://gist.github.com/1893927.js?file='></script>
<noscript><pre><code>### Ispišite sve brojeve od 1 do 100, svaki u svom redu
### Ispišite brojeve od 17 do 32 u jednom redu, odvojite ih zarezom</code></pre></noscript></div>
<h2>Rječnici</h2>
<p>Rječnik (hash) prepoznajemo po vitičastim zagradama. Rječnik je sličan
nizu, samo što svakoj vrijednosti dodjeljuje ključ.</p>
<p>Struktura rječnika:</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="p">{</span> <span class="ss">:key</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="ss">:value</span> <span class="p">}</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>Primjeri</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
<span class='line-number'>5</span>
<span class='line-number'>6</span>
<span class='line-number'>7</span>
<span class='line-number'>8</span>
<span class='line-number'>9</span>
<span class='line-number'>10</span>
<span class='line-number'>11</span>
<span class='line-number'>12</span>
<span class='line-number'>13</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="n">karakteristike</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="ss">:linux</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="s2">"zgodan"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:windows</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="s2">"nezgodan"</span><span class="p">}</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">karakteristike</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:linux</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="c1">#=> "zgodan"</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">karakteristike</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:windows</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="c1">#=> "nezgodan"</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">karakteristike</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">keys</span> <span class="c1">#=> [:linux,:windows]</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">karakteristike</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">values</span> <span class="c1">#=> ["zgodan","nezgodan"]</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">karakteristike</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:linux</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"simpatičan"</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">karakteristike</span> <span class="c1">#=> {:linux => "simpatičan", :windows => "nezgodan"}</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>Ovdje je <code>karakteristike</code> varijabla, a varijable služe za spremanje
podataka za kasniju upotrebu.</p>
<p>Glavna karakteristika rječnika je da ključ jednoznačno određuje
vrijednost.</p>
<p>U rječnicima se kao ključevi najčešće koriste <strong>simboli</strong>.</p>
<p>Još primjera</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="n">karakteristike</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="ss">:linux</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="s2">"zgodan"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:windows</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="s2">"nezgodan"</span><span class="p">}</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">karakteristike</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">to_a</span> <span class="c1">#=> [[:linux, "zgodan"], [:windows, "nezgodan"]]</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">karakteristike</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">to_a</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">flatten</span> <span class="c1">#=> [:linux, "zgodan", :windows, "nezgodan"]</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<h2>Uvjeti</h2>
<p>Uvjete u rubyu ostvarujemo ključnom riječju <code>if</code>.</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="k">if</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="n">something</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="k">do</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>Primjeri</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
<span class='line-number'>5</span>
<span class='line-number'>6</span>
<span class='line-number'>7</span>
<span class='line-number'>8</span>
<span class='line-number'>9</span>
<span class='line-number'>10</span>
<span class='line-number'>11</span>
<span class='line-number'>12</span>
<span class='line-number'>13</span>
<span class='line-number'>14</span>
<span class='line-number'>15</span>
<span class='line-number'>16</span>
<span class='line-number'>17</span>
<span class='line-number'>18</span>
<span class='line-number'>19</span>
<span class='line-number'>20</span>
<span class='line-number'>21</span>
<span class='line-number'>22</span>
<span class='line-number'>23</span>
<span class='line-number'>24</span>
<span class='line-number'>25</span>
<span class='line-number'>26</span>
<span class='line-number'>27</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="k">if</span> <span class="kp">true</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="nb">puts</span> <span class="s2">"bingo!"</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span> <span class="c1">#=> ispisuje "bingo!"</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">if</span> <span class="kp">false</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="nb">puts</span> <span class="s2">"bingo!"</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span> <span class="c1">#=> ne ispisuje ništa</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">if</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="mi">2</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="nb">puts</span> <span class="s2">"3 je veći od 2"</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span> <span class="c1">#=> ispisuje "3 je veći od 2"</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">if</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="mi">3</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="nb">puts</span> <span class="s2">"2 je veći od 3"</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span> <span class="c1">#=> ne ispisuje ništa</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">if</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="mi">3</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="nb">puts</span> <span class="s2">"2 je veći od 3"</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">else</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="nb">puts</span> <span class="s2">"2 nije je veći od 3"</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span> <span class="c1">#=> ispisuje "2 nije veći od 3"</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">if</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="nb">puts</span> <span class="s2">"nema ostatka sa dijeljenjem"</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">else</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="nb">puts</span> <span class="s2">"ima ostatka sa dijeljenjem"</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>Negacija</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
<span class='line-number'>5</span>
<span class='line-number'>6</span>
<span class='line-number'>7</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="kp">false</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="nb">puts</span> <span class="s2">"it's true!"</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span> <span class="c1">#=> ispisuje "it's true!"</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">unless</span> <span class="kp">false</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="nb">puts</span> <span class="s2">"it's true!"</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span> <span class="c1">#=> ispisuje "it's true!"</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>Perlovski način</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="nb">puts</span> <span class="s2">"it's true"</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="kp">false</span> <span class="c1">#=> ne ispisuje ništa</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="nb">puts</span> <span class="s2">"it's true"</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="kp">true</span> <span class="c1">#=> ispisuje "it's true"</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p><strong>Let’s drill this shit</strong></p>
<div><script src='https://gist.github.com/1894357.js?file='></script>
<noscript><pre><code>### a) Ispišite sve brojeve od 1 do 1000 koji su djeljivi sa 13 ili 7
### b) Napravite novi rječnik koji će sadržavati dva ključa.
### Ključevi: 15, 7
###
### Pod ključem "15" u ovom hashu moraju biti svi brojevi
### od 1 do 1000 djeljivi sa 15
### Pod ključem "7" u ovom hashu moraju biti svi brojevi
### od 1 do 1000 djeljivi sa 7
### c) Ispišite koliko postoji vrijendosti za svaki ključ iz prethodnog zadatka
</code></pre></noscript></div>
<h2>Konstante</h2>
<p>Ništa pametno - slične varijablama ali spremaju jednu vrijednost koja se
ne bi trebala mijenjati.</p>
<p>Primjeri</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
<span class='line-number'>5</span>
<span class='line-number'>6</span>
<span class='line-number'>7</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="no">Boje</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"plava"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s2">"crvena"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s2">"zelena"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s2">"žuta"</span><span class="o">]</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="no">Spol</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"muško"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s2">"žensko"</span><span class="o">]</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="no">INSTRUMENTI</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s2">"gitara"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s2">"bubnjevi"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s2">"bas gitara"</span><span class="o">]</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="no">IME_PSA</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"Lola"</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>Upotreba</p>
<p>Ako se podatak kojim slučajem i promjeni znamo da će se promjeniti i na
svim ostalim mjestima, ne moramo tražiti gdje se sve koristi.</p>
]]></content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title type="html"><![CDATA[ah taj divan objektni svijet]]></title>
<link href="http://ruby-workshop.github.com/blog/2012/02/20/ah-taj-divan-objektni-svijet/"/>
<updated>2012-02-20T13:57:00+01:00</updated>
<id>http://ruby-workshop.github.com/blog/2012/02/20/ah-taj-divan-objektni-svijet</id>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2>Metode</h2>
<p>Metoda je definicija više naredbi koje se obavljaju jedna iza druge.</p>
<p>Metodu prepoznajemo po ključnoj riječi <code>def</code>.</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
<span class='line-number'>5</span>
<span class='line-number'>6</span>
<span class='line-number'>7</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">ispisi_parne</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">.</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each</span> <span class="k">do</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">|</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="nb">puts</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">ispisi_parne</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>Argumente koje šaljemo metodi moramo definirati unutar zagrada.</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
<span class='line-number'>5</span>
<span class='line-number'>6</span>
<span class='line-number'>7</span>
<span class='line-number'>8</span>
<span class='line-number'>9</span>
<span class='line-number'>10</span>
<span class='line-number'>11</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">ispisi_parne</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">limit</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">.limit</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each</span> <span class="k">do</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">|</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="nb">puts</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">ispisi_parne</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">ispisi_parne</span> <span class="mi">40</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">ispisi_parne</span> <span class="c1">#=> ArgumentError</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>Pretpostavljene vrijednosti argumenata</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
<span class='line-number'>5</span>
<span class='line-number'>6</span>
<span class='line-number'>7</span>
<span class='line-number'>8</span>
<span class='line-number'>9</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">ispisi_parne</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">limit</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">.limit</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each</span> <span class="k">do</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">|</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="nb">puts</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">ispisi_parne</span> <span class="mi">20</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">ispisi_parne</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>Više argumenata</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
<span class='line-number'>5</span>
<span class='line-number'>6</span>
<span class='line-number'>7</span>
<span class='line-number'>8</span>
<span class='line-number'>9</span>
<span class='line-number'>10</span>
<span class='line-number'>11</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">ispisi_parne</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">low</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">high</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">low</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">.high</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">each</span> <span class="k">do</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">|</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="nb">puts</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">ispisi_parne</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">ispisi_parne</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">ispisi_parne</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kp">nil</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#=> ArgumentError</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p><strong>DRILL</strong></p>
<div><script src='https://gist.github.com/1905082.js?file='></script>
<noscript><pre><code>### Napišite metodu koja prima string i vraća broj pojavljivanja slova a u tom stringu
### Napišite metodu koja prima string a ispisuje ga unazad</code></pre></noscript></div>
<p>Ruby je objektan jezik. Što to znači?</p>
<p>Pas zna lajat, mačka zna mijaukat.</p>
<p>Nove objekte u Rubyu radimo pomoću <strong>klasa</strong>. Klasa nije ništa drugo
nego nacrt objekta.</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
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</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Dog</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">run</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="s2">"running like a boss..."</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">come</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="s2">"just a second!"</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">bark</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="s2">"woof!"</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">pas</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="no">Dog</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">pas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bark</span> <span class="c1">#=> "woof!"</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">pas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">run</span> <span class="c1">#=> "running like a boss..."</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">pas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">come</span> <span class="c1">#=> "just a second!"</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">pas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">class</span> <span class="c1">#=> Dog</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">pag</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_a?</span> <span class="no">Dog</span> <span class="c1">#=> true</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>Zašto koristiti objektno programiranje?</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
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</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="c1">### Lakše je za čitati</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="c1">### Ispitivanje parnosti</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="mi">17</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="c1">#=> false</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="c1">### ili</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="mi">17</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">even?</span> <span class="c1">#=> false</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="mi">17</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">odd?</span> <span class="c1">#=> true</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>Recimo da želimo udvostručiti broj.</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span></span></figcaption><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
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</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">udvostruci</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">broj</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="n">broj</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">udvostruci</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="c1">#=> 8</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">udvostruci</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="c1">#=> 25</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="c1">### Što je ovdje objekt?</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>