The Met Office provided tables of British and Irish stations in various publications and forms over time (images below are just examples):
- Met Office Annual Reports 1860s-1911
- Monthly Weather Reports 1909-1960 (and later)
The relevant pages from these volumes (up to 1960) have been extracted into the set of PDF files in the PDFs folder. Note that the PDFs are too big for GitHub to display (~10-100 MB) but can be downloaded.
For a period in the 1930s, the Met Office published a detailed Gazetteer of its Daily Weather Report stations, two pages per station, available here.