diff --git a/crates/lib/src/executable.rs b/crates/lib/src/executable.rs
index a0d3a059b..38ea5934b 100644
--- a/crates/lib/src/executable.rs
+++ b/crates/lib/src/executable.rs
@@ -732,6 +732,7 @@ impl From<qvm::Error> for Error {
             qvm::Error::ToQuil(q) => Self::ToQuil(q),
             qvm::Error::Parsing(_)
             | qvm::Error::ShotsMustBePositive
+            | qvm::Error::ShotCountOverflow(_)
             | qvm::Error::RegionSizeMismatch { .. }
             | qvm::Error::RegionNotFound { .. }
             | qvm::Error::Qvm { .. } => Self::Compilation(format!("{err}")),
diff --git a/crates/lib/src/qvm/libquil.rs b/crates/lib/src/qvm/libquil.rs
index 1bb640118..3c583a547 100644
--- a/crates/lib/src/qvm/libquil.rs
+++ b/crates/lib/src/qvm/libquil.rs
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ impl crate::qvm::Client for Client {
         let result = libquil_sys::qvm::multishot(
             &program,
             addresses,
-            request.trials.get(),
+            i32::try_from(request.trials.get())?,
             request.gate_noise,
             request.measurement_noise,
             request.rng_seed,
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ impl crate::qvm::Client for Client {
         let result = libquil_sys::qvm::multishot_measure(
             &program,
             qubits.as_slice(),
-            request.trials.get(),
+            i32::try_from(request.trials.get())?,
             request.rng_seed,
         )
         .map_err(Error::LibquilSysQvm)?;
diff --git a/crates/lib/src/qvm/mod.rs b/crates/lib/src/qvm/mod.rs
index e71d84728..e7fae1c6d 100644
--- a/crates/lib/src/qvm/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/lib/src/qvm/mod.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,13 @@
 //! This module contains all the functionality for running Quil programs on a QVM. Specifically,
 //! the [`Execution`] struct in this module.
 
-use std::{collections::HashMap, num::NonZeroU32, str::FromStr, sync::Arc, time::Duration};
+use std::{
+    collections::HashMap,
+    num::{NonZeroU32, TryFromIntError},
+    str::FromStr,
+    sync::Arc,
+    time::Duration,
+};
 
 use quil_rs::{
     instruction::{ArithmeticOperand, Instruction, MemoryReference, Move},
@@ -275,6 +281,8 @@ pub enum Error {
     ToQuil(#[from] ToQuilError),
     #[error("Shots must be a positive integer.")]
     ShotsMustBePositive,
+    #[error("Requested shot count exceeds QVM limit.")]
+    ShotCountOverflow(#[from] TryFromIntError),
     #[error("Declared region {name} has size {declared} but parameters have size {parameters}.")]
     RegionSizeMismatch {
         name: String,