Two syllables: "eye dee".
Using canvas rather than SVG would require implementing a scenegraph, hit-testing, event dispatch, animation, and other features provided natively by SVG. All that is a significant amount of work, would have meant a longer time for the initial release of iD, and would likely increase the ongoing costs of maintenence and new features.
On the other hand, SVG is already fast enough in many or most hardware/browser/OS/editing region combinations, and will only get faster as hardware improves and browser vendors optimize their implementations and take better advantage of hardware acceleration.
In other words, the decision to use SVG rather than canvas was a classic performance vs. implementation cost tradeoff with strong arguments for trading off performance to reduce implementation costs.
iD does not currently have an offline mode.
To support offline usage requires caching or providing an offline proxy for the three main things iD uses the network for:
- Downloading existing data -- this is done on demand as you pan around
- Downloading tiles -- ditto
- Uploading changes
We've though a little about caching tiles and downloaded data, but haven't actively worked on it, nor on the data download/upload question.
Yes, you can. You will need to install and configure an instance of the Rails Port, the server that runs the OpenStreetMap website and API.
Once you have the Rails Port running, you may edit as normal using the version of iD that is bundled with it. Your changes will be saved to your own database.
Depending on your requirements, you may also want to set up cgimap and/or a tile rendering stack, but neither of these are required for editing with iD.