Skip to content

Latest commit

 

History

History
1223 lines (871 loc) · 34 KB

index.md

File metadata and controls

1223 lines (871 loc) · 34 KB

Mac OS

Hotkeys

  • ⌘ - command
  • ⌥ - option
  • ⌃ - control
  • ⇧ - shift

Zoom parts of the screen:

  • gradually zoom in:
    • ⌘ ⌥ +
  • gradually zoom out:
    • ⌘ ⌥ -
  • instantly zooms in to the last used scale or reset the zoom to default 100%:
    • ⌘ ⌥ 8

Minimize all windows:

  • ⌘ ⌥ H M

Lock:

  • ⌘ ⌃ Q

System info

Mac OS version

$ sw_vers -productVersion

or

$ system_profiler SPSoftwareDataType

Current date and time in UTC

$ date '+%d.%m.%Y %H:%M:%S UTC%z'
09.03.2017 12:56:33 UTC+0100

CPU

$ sysctl -n machdep.cpu.brand_string
$ system_profiler SPHardwareDataType | grep Cores:
$ system_profiler SPHardwareDataType | grep Processors:

RAM

$ system_profiler SPHardwareDataType | grep Memory:

GPU

$ system_profiler SPDisplaysDataType

IP address

Local
$ ifconfig | grep "inet" | grep -Fv 127.0.0.1 | grep -Fv ::1 | awk '{print $2}'

or without IPv6 addresses (add space after inet and remove ::1 filter):

$ ifconfig | grep "inet " | grep -Fv 127.0.0.1 | awk '{print $2}'

or just:

$ ipconfig getifaddr en0
  • en0 - your network interface
External
$ curl ipecho.net/plain; echo

Pictures

Resize pictures preserving aspect ratio

$ sips --resampleWidth 800 some.jpg

But better install ImageMagick and resize with it, as it preserves better quality:

$ magick convert some.jpg -resize 800 some-800.jpg

Remove EXIF metadata

Except color profile, of course:

$ exiftool -all= --icc_profile:all ./some.jpg

Prevent Mac from sleeping

caffeinate -u -t 600
  • -u - emulates "user" usage
  • -t 600 - 600 seconds (10 minutes)

Disable Gatekeeper

To allow installing applications from any source.

Check the status:

spctl --status
  • assessments enabled - feature is turned on (you cannot install apps from any source)
  • assessments disabled - feature is turned off (you can install from anywhere)

Turn off the feature:

sudo spctl --master-disable

Turn on the feature back:

sudo spctl --master-enable

Search

Discover the biggest files

And the biggest directories too, of course.

Using sort
$ du -hs ./* | sort -rn | head -10
  • du - utility that displays the file system block usage
    • -s - show only top-level folders (without showing subfolders)
    • -h - present folders size in a human-readable format
    • ~/* - count everything from the home directory
  • sort - utility for sorting results
    • -r - reverse the list (because by default it goes ascending)
    • -n - sort by numeric values (size, in our case)
  • head - shows only specified number of lines from result

However, this sort sorts only numbers without respecting the data unit (MB, GB, etc):

$ du -hs ./* | sort -rn | head -10
880M	/Users/username/Applications
879M	/Users/username/temp
 56G	/Users/username/Library
 34M	/Users/username/Desktop
 23G	/Users/username/Pictures
 11G	/Users/username/Music
9.2G	/Users/username/Documents
Using gsort
$ du -hs ./* | gsort -rh | head -10
 56G    /Users/username/Library
 23G    /Users/username/Pictures
 11G    /Users/username/Music
9.2G    /Users/username/Documents
6.3G    /Users/username/Movies
2.3G    /Users/username/Downloads
880M    /Users/username/Applications
879M    /Users/username/temp

So, it is all the same, but instead of sort we are using gsort, which supports h option (that respects human-readable data units). If you don't have gsort in your system, it can be installed via brew install coreutils.

Search in your folders

Let's find all the files (and folders) in your home folder that are related to the GarageBand application:

$ find ~ -iname "*garage*"

Two * wildcards will help to find any file (and folder) that contains garage in any part of its name.

You can also look for all .mp4 files in your home directory:

$ find ~ -iname "*.mp4"

And here's a more complex example: look for all .mp4 files in your home directory, then sort results by the file size and show only top 10 biggest ones:

$ find ~ -iname "*.mp4" -print0 | xargs -0 du -sh | gsort -rh | head -10
  • find - utility for searching
    • -iname - look in file names, ignoring case and using * wildcard to specify the .mp4 extension
    • -print0 - adds a NULL character (instead of newline) after the name of each found file. This is needed for long file names with spaces and stuff
  • xargs - takes result strings from the previous command and uses them as arguments for the next command in pipe (for du in our case)
    • -0 - tells xargs to expect NULL characters as separators instead of spaces (that aligns with our -print0 from find)
  • gsort - read about it here

Looking for a string in files contents

Search in files of parent directory only (without going into subfolders):

$ grep -ils "sOmE tEXt" *.txt
  • grep - utility for searching text
    • -i - ignoring case
    • -l - output only file names
    • -s - don't show warnings like Is a directory
    • *.txt - file name pattern, but works only with a single directory level (doesn't apply to subfolders)

Search in subfolders too:

$ grep -ilrn "sOmE tEXt" *
  • -r - search recursively (in subfolders). Now there is no need in option -s (I guess)
  • -n - add line numbers

Search in particular files only:

$ grep -ilr "sOmE tEXt" --include=*.{txt,mark*} *
  • --include= - proper file name pattern that applies to all folder levels. This particular one will process only .txt and .markdown (all .mark* ones, to be precise) files

Another (clearer) way:

$ grep --include=\*.{cpp,h} -irn "/some/path/" -e "sOmE tEXt"

Filter out error messages

Say you want to exclude error messages from some output.

If you want to exclude all the errors:

find / -iname "*.mp4" 2>/dev/null

If you want to exclude only specific errors:

find / -iname "*.mp4" 2>&1 | grep -v "Operation not permitted" | grep -v "Permission denied"

ZIP files

Pack

$ zip -r9T archiveName.zip folderToArchive -x "*.DS_Store"
  • -r - recursive, including all subfolders
  • -9 - compression level: from 0 (no compression) to 9 (maximum compression)
  • -T - test archive integrity after finishing

Unpack

To unpack the archive into current folder:

$ unzip archiveName.zip

View contents

With less:

$ brew install lesspipe
$ nano ~/.bash_profile
export LESSOPEN="|/usr/local/bin/lesspipe.sh %s" LESS_ADVANCED_PREPROCESSOR=1
$ source ~/.bash_profile
$ less archiveName.zip

With unzip:

$ unzip -l archiveName.zip

Create a dummy file to occupy space

$ dd if=/dev/random of=/tmp/stupidfile.crap bs=20m

This will start to create a file, "growing" it with 20 MB chunks of random trash. The process will never stop, so you'll need to break it with ⌃ + C.

If you want to monitor the file's size in Terminal, install and run watch utility:

$ brew install watch
$ watch ls -alh /tmp/stupidfile.crap

External disk images

That actually works with external USB flash drives too, and of course not only .img but .iso as well.

Create an image of SD card / USB drive

$ diskutil list
$ sudo dd if=/dev/rYOUR-CARD of=/path/to/image.img bs=1m

Write an image to SD card / USB drive

$ diskutil list
$ diskutil unmountDisk /dev/YOUR-CARD
$ sudo dd if=/path/to/image.img of=/dev/rYOUR-CARD bs=1m
  • r - raw, makes the writing faster

You can watch the progress by pressing ⌃ + T combination.

After it's finished, eject the drive:

$ diskutil eject /dev/YOUR-CARD

Format SD card / USB drive

Available file systems:

$ diskutil listFilesystems
FAT32
$ diskutil list
$ sudo diskutil eraseDisk FAT32 CARD-LABEL MBRFormat /dev/YOUR-CARD
JHFSX

Mac OS Extended (Case-sensitive, Journaled):

$ sudo diskutil eraseDisk jhfsx MAC /dev/YOUR-CARD

Source and additional information: http://gree2.github.io/mac/command/2015/06/27/mac-diskutil-command

Generate PPK file from RSA

So you have your RSA key to connect to some server via SFTP. But suddenly you need to connect to this server from Windows using FileZilla, and it accepts only PPK files.

brew install putty
puttygen ~/.ssh/id_rsa_server -o server.ppk

Convert OXPS to PDF

$ brew install ghostscript
$ /usr/local/Cellar/ghostscript/9.26/bin/gxps -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sOutputFile=~/Desktop/output.pdf -dNOPAUSE some-file.oxps

Disable System Integrity Protection

  1. Reboot the Mac and hold down Command + R after you hear the startup chime, this will boot macOS into Recovery Mode;
  2. Click the Utilities menu at the top of the screen instead and choose Terminal;
  3. csrutil disable;
  4. Reboot the Mac.

Change system sounds

  1. Disable System Integrity Protection;
  2. Choose the sound file you want to change (/System/Library/Components/CoreAudio.component/Contents/SharedSupport/SystemSounds/dock/drag to trash.aif);
  3. Replace it with a sound of your choice;
  4. Enable System Integrity Protection back.

Unlock files in folder

chflags -R nouchg /path/to/some/folder
  • -R - recursive;
  • nouchg - removes immutable flag.

Turn the screen off

pmset displaysleepnow

Connect to VPN

sudo openconnect https://vpn.your.domain/full --user=vasya

Wi-Fi access point

sudo networksetup -createnetworkservice Loopback lo0
sudo networksetup -setmanual Loopback 172.20.42.42 255.255.255.255

And then enable Internet Sharing for Loopback interface in the Sharing settings.

Startup items paths

/Library/StartupItems
/Library/LaunchDaemons
/Library/LaunchAgents
/System/Library/LaunchAgents
/System/Library/LaunchDaemons

And how to disable daemons:

sudo launchctl unload /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.some.helper.plist
sudo rm /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.some.helper.plist

Get disk allocation block size

$ diskutil list

/dev/disk0 (internal):
   ...

/dev/disk1 (synthesized):
   ...

/dev/disk2 (external, physical):
   #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER
   0:     FDisk_partition_scheme                        *2.0 TB     disk2
   1:               Windows_NTFS Samsung_T5              2.0 TB     disk2s1

$ diskutil info disk2s1

   Device Identifier:         disk2s1
   Device Node:               /dev/disk2s1
   ...

   Volume Name:               Samsung_T5
   Mounted:                   Yes
   Mount Point:               /Volumes/Samsung_T5

   Partition Type:            Windows_NTFS
   File System Personality:   ExFAT
   Type (Bundle):             exfat
   Name (User Visible):       ExFAT

   Disk Size:                 2.0 TB (2000396321280 Bytes) (exactly 3907024065 512-Byte-Units)
   Device Block Size:         512 Bytes

   ...
   Allocation Block Size:     131072 Bytes
  • Device Block Size - physical block size (sector);
  • Allocation Block Size - logical block size: 131072 bytes is 128 KB per block (131072 B / 1024 = 128 KB), so one such block takes 256 sectors on this disk (1 sector is 512 bytes).

Build a C++ program

$ nano some.cpp

#include <iostream>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    std::cout << "ololo\n";

    return 0;
}
$ clang++ some.cpp -o some
$ ./some

If you need C++11 standard, then:

clang++ -std=c++11 some.cpp -o some

Rebuild icons cache

From Clearing the Icon Services Cache in Mojave.

As administrator:

sudo rm -rfv /Library/Caches/com.apple.iconservices.store
sudo find /private/var/folders/ \( -name com.apple.dock.iconcache -or -name com.apple.iconservices \) -exec rm -rfv {} \;

Then as your normal user:

killall Dock

SHA checksums

By default it calculates SHA1:

$ shasum ./clonezilla-live-20191024-eoan-amd64.iso > clonezilla-live-20191024-eoan-amd64.iso.sha1

You can specify SHA256 (or any other):

$ shasum -a 256 ./clonezilla-live-20191024-eoan-amd64.iso > clonezilla-live-20191024-eoan-amd64.iso.sha256

To verify checksum:

$ shasum -c ./clonezilla-live-20191024-eoan-amd64.iso.sha256

Reset privacy settings for applications

$ tccutil reset AppleEvents
$ tccutil reset SystemPolicyAllFiles

Spotlight

Rebuild index

Helped me when accountsd was consuming more than 200% CPU and Mail was barely usable.

$ cd /
$ sudo mdutil -E /
$ sudo mdutil -a -i off
$ sudo rm -fr .Spotlight-V100/
$ sudo mdutil -i on /Volumes/Macintosh\ HD

Watch disk usage

$ sudo fs_usage -w -f filesys mds_stores

Disable indexing completely

If rebuilding index doesn't really help, and mds and mds_stores continue to eat up CPU and do something like crazy even when you don't do anything, disable it for good, fuck that thing:

$ sudo mdutil -a -i off

To turn it back on:

$ sudo mdutil -a -i on

Encrypt a file with passwords for mutt

Go to temp folder:

$ cd /tmp
$ nano pwds

Enter some passwords:

set my_pwd_ololo = nfSas3SF#f54snCs
set my_pwd_some = cm!jj1i495sfdsgs

Encrypt them with PGP and move encrypted file somewhere:

$ gpg --recipient YOUR-EMAIL-FROM-GPG-KEYCHAIN --encrypt pwds
$ rm pwds
$ mv pwds.gpg ~/.mutt

Now you can read decrypt and read those passwords and refer to them in your configs like this:

source "gpg -dq ~/.mutt/pwds.gpg |"
set imap_pass = $my_pwd_ololo

Your PGP tool will be asking you for master password, so save it in the system keychain.

Xcode

List SDKs

$ xcodebuild -showsdks

DriverKit SDKs:
    DriverKit 21.2                    -sdk driverkit21.2

iOS SDKs:
    iOS 15.2                          -sdk iphoneos15.2

iOS Simulator SDKs:
    Simulator - iOS 15.2              -sdk iphonesimulator15.2

macOS SDKs:
    macOS 12.1                        -sdk macosx12.1

tvOS SDKs:
    tvOS 15.2                         -sdk appletvos15.2

tvOS Simulator SDKs:
    Simulator - tvOS 15.2             -sdk appletvsimulator15.2

watchOS SDKs:
    watchOS 8.3                       -sdk watchos8.3

watchOS Simulator SDKs:
    Simulator - watchOS 8.3           -sdk watchsimulator8.3

Record Simulator screen

$ xcrun simctl io --help

If you get

xcrun: error: unable to find utility "simctl", not a developer tool or in PATH

enable Command Line Tools in Xcode ➞ Preferences ➞ Locations.

To record a video start the Simulator and:

$ xcrun simctl io booted recordVideo --codec=h264 capture.mp4

List targets

$ sqlite3 /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/usr/standalone/device_traits.db

> select * from Devices where ProductDescription like 'iPad Pro (11-inch%';
j517ap|j517|ap|t8103|iPad13,4|iPad Pro (11-inch) (3rd generation)|iPad8,2||11
j517xap|j517x|ap|t8103|iPad13,5|iPad Pro (11-inch) (3rd generation)|iPad8,2||9
j518ap|j518|ap|t8103|iPad13,6|iPad Pro (11-inch) (3rd generation)|iPad8,4||11
j518xap|j518x|ap|t8103|iPad13,7|iPad Pro (11-inch) (3rd generation)|iPad8,4||9
j317ap|j317|ap|t8027|iPad8,1|iPad Pro (11-inch)|iPad7,3||21
j418ap|j418|ap|t8027|iPad8,10|iPad Pro (11-inch) (2nd generation)|iPad8,3||2
j317xap|j317x|ap|t8027|iPad8,2|iPad Pro (11-inch)|iPad7,3||2
j318ap|j318|ap|t8027|iPad8,3|iPad Pro (11-inch)|iPad7,4||21
j318xap|j318x|ap|t8027|iPad8,4|iPad Pro (11-inch)|iPad7,4||2
j417ap|j417|ap|t8027|iPad8,9|iPad Pro (11-inch) (2nd generation)|iPad8,1||2

Query HTTPS certificate for a domain

$ openssl s_client -showcerts -connect protvshows.com:443

Get numerical chmod value

$ stat -f "%OLp" ~/.ssh/github
600

Split CUE

Most of the times XLD is the tool. If it cannot open some .cue, then perhaps this file is in some weird encoding (such as Windows 1251) or you don't have a required decoder installed (such as wavpack).

If, still, you'd prefer using CLI tools, then shntool is one:

$ brew info shntool
$ brew install wavpack

And then:

$ shnsplit -f some.wv.cue -o flac -t '%n - %p - %t' some.wv

here:

  • -f some.wv.cue path to .cue file
  • -o output format
  • -t tracks name format (03 - Linkin Park - Somewhere I Belong)
  • some.wv - path to the file to split

Mac OS installer

https://github.com/drduh/macOS-Security-and-Privacy-Guide?tab=readme-ov-file#preparing-and-installing-macos

List available downloads (or, actually, updates, which are applicable for the currently installed version):

$ softwareupdate --list

Download

$ softwareupdate --fetch-full-installer --full-installer-version 14.4
  • 10.13.6 - High Sierra
  • 10.14.6 - Mojave
  • 10.15.7 - Catalina
  • 11.3 - Big Sur
  • ?
  • 13.6.5 - Ventura
  • 14.4 - Sonoma

If some of those give an error like Install failed with error: Update not found, try to change/add the third number in the version value.

To verify the downloaded installer:

$ pkgutil --check-signature ~/Desktop/Install\ macOS\ Sonoma.app
Package "Install macOS Sonoma.app":
   Status: signed by a certificate trusted by macOS
   Certificate Chain:
    1. Software Signing
       Expires: 2026-10-24 17:39:41 +0000
       SHA256 Fingerprint:
           D8 4D B9 6A F8 C2 E6 0A C4 C8 51 A2 1E C4 60 F6 F8 4E 02 35 BE B1
           7D 24 A7 87 12 B9 B0 21 ED 57
       ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    2. Apple Code Signing Certification Authority
       Expires: 2026-10-24 17:39:41 +0000
       SHA256 Fingerprint:
           5B DA B1 28 8F C1 68 92 FE F5 0C 65 8D B5 4F 1E 2E 19 CF 8F 71 CC
           55 F7 7D E2 B9 5E 05 1E 25 62
       ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    3. Apple Root CA
       Expires: 2035-02-09 21:40:36 +0000
       SHA256 Fingerprint:
           B0 B1 73 0E CB C7 FF 45 05 14 2C 49 F1 29 5E 6E DA 6B CA ED 7E 2C
           68 C5 BE 91 B5 A1 10 01 F0 24

$ codesign -dvv ~/Desktop/Install\ macOS\ Sonoma.app
Executable=/Users/vasya/Desktop/Install macOS Sonoma.app/Contents/MacOS/InstallAssistant_springboard
Identifier=com.apple.InstallAssistant.macOSSonoma
Format=app bundle with Mach-O universal (x86_64 arm64)
CodeDirectory v=20400 size=639 flags=0x2000(library-validation) hashes=13+3 location=embedded
Platform identifier=15
Signature size=4523
Authority=Software Signing
Authority=Apple Code Signing Certification Authority
Authority=Apple Root CA
Signed Time=23 Feb 2024 at 05:15:14
Info.plist entries=32
TeamIdentifier=not set
Sealed Resources version=2 rules=2 files=0
Internal requirements count=1 size=88

Make an ISO

$ hdiutil create -o /tmp/MacBigSur -size 13100m -volname MacBigSur -layout SPUD -fs HFS+J
$ hdiutil attach /tmp/MacBigSur.dmg -noverify -mountpoint /Volumes/MacBigSur
$ sudo /path/to/Install\ macOS\ Big\ Sur.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia --volume /Volumes/MacBigSur --nointeraction

If you get an error like:

Erasing disk: 0%... 10%...
Error erasing disk error number (22, 0)
An error occurred erasing the disk.

Then make sure that /tmp (or whichever) is not opened in any Terminal tab (including your current one) and also that it is not opened in any Finder window/tab. If that still doesn't help, then reboot the computer (and you will likely need to recreate the image, as /tmp folder is usually cleared on reboot).

The successful output should look like this:

Erasing disk: 0%... 10%... 20%... 30%... 100%
Copying to disk: 0%... 10%... 20%... 30%... 40%... 50%... 60%... 70%... 80%... 90%... 100%
Making disk bootable...
Install media now available at "/Volumes/Install macOS Big Sur"

Then after detaching/unmounting the image, if it was not already (might even need to Force Eject):

$ hdiutil convert /tmp/MacBigSur.dmg -format UDTO -o /tmp/MacBigSur.cdr
$ mv /tmp/MacBigSur.cdr /tmp/MacBigSur.iso

List pictures that have GPS data in their EXIF

$ brew install exiftool
$ exiftool -if '$gpslatitude' -ext jpg -filename -gpslatitude -gpslongitude -T /path/to/folder/with/images > images-with-gps.txt

If you want the other way around, so get the images without GPS data, then -if 'not $gpslatitude'.

Remove quarantine attribute for not verified developer

Removing all attributes

Check if there is quarantine attribute set:

$ xattr ~/Applications/Some.app
com.apple.quarantine

Remove the attribute(s):

$ xattr -cr ~/Applications/Some.app

Modifying attribute

If you have some .dylib libraries, but Mac OS refuses to load them, saying that developer cannot be verified, for example when you downloaded FFmpeg libraries for Audacity.

Check the attribute values:

$ xattr -p com.apple.quarantine ffmpeg*.dylib
ffmpeg.55.64bit.dylib: 0083;61211dae;Keka;77B2039D-233L-4BB7-A515-5C8LM8E62352
ffmpeg_codecs.55.64bit.dylib: 0083;61211dae;Keka;77B2039D-233L-4BB7-A515-5C8LM8E62352
ffmpeg_utils.52.64bit.dylib: 0083;61211dae;Keka;77B2039D-233L-4BB7-A515-5C8LM8E62352

Replace 0083 with 00c1:

$ xattr -w com.apple.quarantine "00c1;61211dae;Keka;77B2039D-233L-4BB7-A515-5C8LM8E62352" ffmpeg*.dylib

Custom ringtone for iOS device

Making

  1. Cut the fragment of the song you want (Audacity is a nice tool for that). It should be less than 30 seconds
  2. Convert it to M4A, for example with FFmpeg, or export it directly to M4A from your audio editor
  3. Rename your-file.m4a to your-file.m4r

Transferring

The procedure for transferring it to your iOS device is constantly changing, thanks to Apple. On Mac OS 11.5.2 the following works:

  1. Delete all the metadata from your file:
$ exiftool -all:all= ./your-file.m4r
  1. Just in case, there should not be spaces of weird symbols in the file name
  2. Connect your iOS device to your Mac, open Finder, open discovered device
  3. Drag your file anywhere in the General tab

Oh, and by the way, Apple, fuck you!

Make a DMG for an application

$ hdiutil create -volname SomeName -srcfolder /path/to/some.app -ov -format UDZO some.dmg

Note that a simple 7z archive of the same application will have a much better compression, and essentially it doesn't matter if your application is distributed as a DMG of as a 7z archive, so the latter is a better choice.

Java

If you get an error about missing Java, when trying to launch some application:

This application requires that Java 8 or later be installed on your computer. Please download and install the latest version of Java from www.java.com and try again.

Then you need to install JRE. The process was never easy, and I couldn't find a way that would make all the applications happy, but what does work is to download JRE from here, install the .pkg and run the application via -jar:

$ /usr/libexec/java_home
$ java -jar ~/Applications/TOPCAT.app/Contents/Java/topcat-full.jar

If trying to run an application you get:

The JVM shared library "/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/temurin-17.jre/Contents/Home/bin/../lib/server/libjvm.dylib" does not contain the JNI_CreateJavaVM symbol

or similar, then it could be that you have an ARM-based Mac and you installed an aarch64-based JRE, but that application is for Intel x64. In that case you just need to install an x64-based JRE. Be aware that it will be installed instead of the previously installed aarch64-based one, which probably means that you'll be able to run either x64 applications or ARM ones (having installed that JRE instead).

Copy files based on a list from text file

If you don't want to preserve folder structure, remove -R option:

$ rsync -R $(<list.txt) /path/to/destination/folder || :

And the || : on the end will make it succeed even if there are missing files.

Replace text in file

Since sed on Mac OS is kind of handicapped, you need to do this -i "" and also you can't use \w:

# /Users/build/buildAgent/work/some_git_master/install/macOS_x64/include/things/Compositing/CompositeManager.h
$ sed -i "" -E 's/.*install\/[a-zA-Z0-9_]+\///g' ./install-manifest-release.txt
# include/things/Compositing/CompositeManager.h

Note that -E is capital.

Python

Failed to locate symlinked Python

So, as usual, you did that:

$ sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/python
$ which python
/usr/local/bin/python

But now trying to execute it fails with the following:

$ python --version
python: error: Failed to locate 'python'.
xcode-select: Failed to locate 'python', requesting installation of command line developer tools.

Check where it tries to find it:

$ xcode-select -p
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer

$ ls -l /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin

So yeah, for some fucking reason it tries to find python there, and it's not there, so add it there too:

$ sudo ln -s /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/python3 /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/python
$ python --version

If it is still pointing to Python 2, then probably your PATH contains some more locations that come before /usr/local/bin.

Fix Fantastical/Calendar Office 365 events updating

Piece of shit of administrators in your company might disable using 3rd-party clients for your Office 365 account, so you won't be able to use Fantastical for your Office 365 calendars. There is a workaround/fallback hidden Fantastical setting: open the following URL - x-fantastical3://defaults?key=EventKitSyncExchange&value=1&type=bool&group=1 - in web-browser and allow Fantastical to handle the action.

Here's also a comment from Fantastical's support about this setting:

Please note it will it will be buggier and slower than it is on iOS because of how EventKit works on the Mac. Also, there are some limitations when using this option (invitees don't work, can't hide events, set custom colors, etc), but you'll be able to see the events.

But then at some point (unrelated to this setting) you might experience that Calendar and consequently Fantastical would stop getting updates about existing events and any new events in that particular calendar or maybe even all the calendars. The solution (until the next time it happens) seems to be to kill the CalendarAgent, forcing it to restart and re-sync:

$ killall -9 CalendarAgent

I think this happens when Office 365 authentication cookie/session expires in that internet account so you need to authenticate again (and then you also need to kill/reload the CalendarAgent).

Change from Zsh back to Bash

Under every user account (if you have more than one)

$ chsh -s /bin/bash

and restart the terminal/session.

Inspect a library

$ nm --demangle ./vcpkg_installed/arm64-ios/lib/libz.a

adler32.c.o:
0000000000000330 T _adler32
0000000000000338 T _adler32_combine
00000000000003fc T _adler32_combine64
0000000000000000 T _adler32_z
0000000000000000 t ltmp0
00000000000004c0 s ltmp1
...

$ otool -hv ./vcpkg_installed/arm64-ios/lib/libz.a

Archive : ./vcpkg_installed/arm64-ios/lib/libz.a
./vcpkg_installed/arm64-ios/lib/libz.a(adler32.c.o):
Mach header
      magic  cputype cpusubtype  caps    filetype ncmds sizeofcmds      flags
MH_MAGIC_64    ARM64        ALL  0x00      OBJECT     4        360 SUBSECTIONS_VIA_SYMBOLS
...

$ lipo -info ./vcpkg_installed/arm64-ios/lib/libz.a
Non-fat file: ./vcpkg_installed/arm64-ios/lib/libz.a is architecture: arm64

Get file size

The usual:

$ du -hs ./libproj.a
5.9M

There is also an option for (rounded) kilobytes:

$ du -k ./libproj.a
6028

But since du on Mac OS cannot output the size in bytes, one has to use stat:

$ stat -f "%z bytes" ./libproj.a
6172152 bytes

Mount a remote folder via SSH

Install macFUSE (both macFUSE and SSHFS). It will require rebooting to Recovery in order to enable kernel extensions.

After it is installed:

$ mkdir ~/Downloads/_mounted
$ sshfs SOME-HOST:/home/YOUR-USERNAME ~/Downloads/_mounted -ovolname=_mounted

The SOME-HOST here is an entry from your ~/.ssh/config.

To unmount:

$ umount -f ~/Downloads/_mounted

Get logs of a failing VPN

If you fail to connect to some VPN server, the logs with failure details for the last 1 hour can be obtained in the following manner (you might need to su into administrator user):

$ sudo log show --last 1h --predicate 'eventMessage CONTAINS[cd] "vpn"' > /tmp/vpn.log

or, if you know the exact term/service/whatever:

$ sudo log show --last 1h --predicate 'eventMessage CONTAINS[cd] "NESMIKEv2VPNSession"' > /tmp/vpn.log

For instance, that's how I discovered that my client certificate has expired:

...
nesessionmanager: [com.apple.networkextension:] NESMIKEv2VPNSession[Primary Tunnel:MY-VPN-NAME:SOME-ID-HERE:(null)] in state NESMVPNSessionStateStarting: plugin NEVPNTunnelPlugin(com.apple.NetworkExtension.IKEv2Provider[inactive]) did detach from IPC
nesessionmanager: [com.apple.networkextension:] NESMIKEv2VPNSession[Primary Tunnel:MY-VPN-NAME:SOME-ID-HERE:(null)]: didSetStatus - 0
nesessionmanager: [com.apple.networkextension:] NESMIKEv2VPNSession[Primary Tunnel:MY-VPN-NAME:SOME-ID-HERE:(null)] in state NESMVPNSessionStateStarting: plugin NEVPNTunnelPlugin(com.apple.NetworkExtension.IKEv2Provider[inactive]) disconnected with reason Client certificate has expired
nesessionmanager: [com.apple.networkextension:] NESMIKEv2VPNSession[Primary Tunnel:MY-VPN-NAME:SOME-ID-HERE:(null)]: Leaving state NESMVPNSessionStateStarting
nesessionmanager: [com.apple.networkextension:] NESMIKEv2VPNSession[Primary Tunnel:MY-VPN-NAME:SOME-ID-HERE:(null)]: Entering state NESMVPNSessionStateStopping, timeout 20 seconds
...